Commission Directive 2008/84/EC of 27 August 2008 laying down specific purity criteria on food additives other than colours and sweeteners (Text with EEA relevance) (Codified version)

In forceVersion 2008-08-27from 2008-10-09

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Contents

Preamble
1. Article 1
2. Article 2
3. Article 3
4. Article 4
ANNEX
ANNEX I
E 170 (i) CALCIUM CARBONATE
E 200 SORBIC ACID A.B.C.D.
E 202 POTASSIUM SORBATE A.B.
E 203 CALCIUM SORBATE A.B.
E 210 BENZOIC ACID A.B.
E 211 SODIUM BENZOATE A.B.C.
E 212 POTASSIUM BENZOATE A.B.
E 213 CALCIUM BENZOATE A.B.
E 214 ETHYL p-HYDROXYBENZOATE A.B.C.
E 215 SODIUM ETHYL p-HYDROXYBENZOATE A.B.C.D.
E 218 METHYL p-HYDROXYBENZOATE A.B.
E 219 SODIUM METHYL p-HYDROXYBENZOATE A.B.C.
E 220 SULPHUR DIOXIDE A.
E 221 SODIUM SULPHITE A.B.
E 222 SODIUM BISULPHITE A.B.
E 223 SODIUM METABISULPHITE A.B.
E 224 POTASSIUM METABISULPHITE A.
E 226 CALCIUM SULPHITE A.
E 227 CALCIUM BISULPHITE A.
E 228 POTASSIUM BISULPHITE A.
E 230 BIPHENYL A.B.
E 231 ORTHOPHENYLPHENOL A.B.
E 232 SODIUM ORTHOPHENYLPHENOL A.B.C.
E 233 THIABENDAZOLE A.B.
E 235 NATAMYCIN A.B.C.D.
E 239 HEXAMETHYLENE TETRAMINE A.B.
E 242 DIMETHYL DICARBONATE A.B.C.D.
E 249 POTASSIUM NITRITE A.B.
E 250 SODIUM NITRITE A.
E 251 SODIUM NITRATE
E 252 POTASSIUM NITRATE A.B.
E 260 ACETIC ACID A.B.C.D.
E 261 POTASSIUM ACETATE A.B.
E 262 (i) SODIUM ACETATE A.B.
E 263 CALCIUM ACETATE A.B.
E 270 LACTIC ACID A.
E 280 PROPIONIC ACID A.B.
E 281 SODIUM PROPIONATE A.B.
E 282 CALCIUM PROPIONATE A.B.
E 283 POTASSIUM PROPIONATE A.
E 284 BORIC ACID A.B.C.
E 285 SODIUM TETRABORATE (BORAX) A.
E 290 CARBON DIOXIDE A.
E 296 MALIC ACID A.B.C.
E 297 FUMARIC ACID A.B.C.
E 300 ASCORBIC ACID A.B.
E 301 SODIUM ASCORBATE A.
E 302 CALCIUM ASCORBATE A.
E 304 (i) ASCORBYL PALMITATE A.
E 306 TOCOPHEROL-RICH EXTRACT A.B.
E 307 ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL A.B.
E 308 GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL A.
E 309 DELTA-TOCOPHEROL A.
E 310 PROPYL GALLATE A.B.
E 311 OCTYL GALLATE A.B.
E 312 DODECYL GALLATE A.B.
E 315 ERYTHORBIC ACID A.B.
E 316 SODIUM ERYTHORBATE A.B.C.
E 319 TERTIARY-BUTYLHYDROQUINONE (TBHQ) A.B.C.
E 320 BUTYLATED HYDROXYANISOLE (BHA) A.B.C.
E 321 BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE (BHT) A.B.C.
E 322 LECITHINS A.B.
E 325 SODIUM LACTATE A.B.
E 326 POTASSIUM LACTATE A.B.C.
E 327 CALCIUM LACTATE A.B.
E 330 CITRIC ACID A.
E 331 (i) MONOSODIUM CITRATE A.
E 332 (i) MONOPOTASSIUM CITRATE A.
E 333 (i) MONOCALCIUM CITRATE A.
E 334 L(+)-TARTARIC ACID A.B.
E 335 (i) MONOSODIUM TARTRATE A.
E 336 (i) MONOPOTASSIUM TARTRATE A.B.
E 337 POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE A.B.C.
E 338 PHOSPHORIC ACID A.
E 339 (i) MONOSODIUM PHOSPHATE A.B.C.
E 340 (i) MONOPOTASSIUM PHOSPHATE A.B.C.
E 341 (i) MONOCALCIUM PHOSPHATE A.B.
E 343(i) MONOMAGNESIUM PHOSPHATE A.B.
E 343(ii) DIMAGNESIUM PHOSPHATE A.B.
E 350 (i) SODIUM MALATE A.B.C.
E 351 POTASSIUM MALATE A.B.
E 352 (i) CALCIUM MALATE A.B.C.
E 353 METATARTARIC ACID
E 354 CALCIUM TARTRATE A.B.C.
E 355 ADIPIC ACID A.B.
E 356 SODIUM ADIPATE A.B.C.
E 357 POTASSIUM ADIPATE A.B.C.
E 363 SUCCINIC ACID A.
E 380 TRIAMMONIUM CITRATE A.B.
E 385 CALCIUM DISODIUM ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETATE A.B.C.
E 400 ALGINIC ACID A.B.C.D.
E 401 SODIUM ALGINATE A.
E 402 POTASSIUM ALGINATE A.
E 403 AMMONIUM ALGINATE A.
E 404 CALCIUM ALGINATE A.
E 405 PROPANE-1,2-DIOL ALGINATE A.
E 406 AGAR A.
E 407 CARRAGEENAN A.
E 407a PROCESSED EUCHEUMA SEAWEED A.B.
E 410 LOCUST BEAN GUM A.B.C.
E 412 GUAR GUM A.B.
E 413 TRAGACANTH A.
E 414 ACACIA GUM A.
E 415 XANTHAN GUM A.
E 416 KARAYA-GUM A.B.
E 417 TARA GUM A.B.
E 418 GELLAN GUM A.
E 420(i) SORBITOL
E 420(ii) SORBITOL SYRUP
E 421 MANNITOL
E 422 GLYCEROL A.B.C.
E 425(i) KONJAC GUM A.B.C.D.
E 425(ii) KONJAC GLUCOMANNAN A.B.C.
E 426 SOYBEAN HEMICELLULOSE A.B.
E 431 POLYOXYETHYLENE (40) STEARATE A.B.C.
E 432 POLYOXYETHYLENE SORBITAN MONOLAURATE (POLYSORBATE 20) A.B.
E 433 POLYOXYETHYLENE SORBITAN MONOOLEATE (POLYSORBATE 80) A.B.
E 434 POLYOXYETHYLENE SORBITAN MONOPALMITATE (POLYSORBATE 40) A.B.
E 435 POLYOXYETHYLENE SORBITAN MONOSTEARATE (POLYSORBATE 60) A.B.
E 436 POLYOXYETHYLENE SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (POLYSORBATE 65) A.B.C.
E 440 (i) PECTIN A.
E 442 AMMONIUM PHOSPHATIDES A.B.
E 444 SUCROSE ACETATE ISOBUTYRATE A.B.C.
E 445 GLYCEROL ESTERS OF WOOD ROSIN A.B.
E 450 (i) DISODIUM DIPHOSPHATE A.B.C.
E 451 (i) PENTASODIUM TRIPHOSPHATE A.B.C.
E 452 (i) SODIUM POLYPHOSPHATE
E 452(iii) SODIUM CALCIUM POLYPHOSPHATE A.B.
E 459 BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN A.B.
E 460 (i) MICROCRISTALLINE CELLULOSE A.B.C.D.
E 461 METHYL CELLULOSE A.
E 462 ETHYL CELLULOSE A.B.
E 463 HYDROXYPROPYL CELLULOSE A.B.
E 464 HYDROXYPROPYL METHYL CELLULOSE A.B.
E 465 ETHYL METHYL CELLULOSE A.
E 466 SODIUM CARBOXY METHYL CELLULOSE A.B.C.D.
E 468 CROSS-LINKED SODIUM CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE
E 469 ENZYMATICALLY HYDROLYSED CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE A.B.C.D.E.
E 470a SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND CALCIUM SALTS OF FATTY ACIDS A.B.
E 470b MAGNESIUM SALTS OF FATTY ACIDS A.B.
E 471 MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS Note:A.B.C.
E 472 a ACETIC ACID ESTERS OF MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS Note:A.B.
E 472 b LACTIC ACID ESTERS OF MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS Note:A.B.
E 472 c CITRIC ACID ESTERS OF MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS Note:A.B.
E 472 d TARTARIC ACID ESTERS OF MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS Note:A.
E 472 e MONO- AND DIACETYLTARTARIC ACID ESTERS OF MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS Note:A.
E 472 f MIXED ACETIC AND TARTARIC ACID ESTERS OF MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS Note:A.
E 473 SUCROSE ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS Note:A.B.
E 474 SUCROGLYCERIDES Note:A.B.
E 475 POLYGLYCEROL ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS Note:A.B.
E 476 POLYGLYCEROL POLYRICINOLEATE A.B.C.
E 477 PROPANE-1,2-DIOL ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS Note:A.
E 479 b THERMALLY OXIDISED SOYA BEAN OIL INTERACTED WITH MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS A.
E 481 SODIUM STEAROYL-2-LACTYLATE A.B.
E 482 CALCIUM STEAROYL-2-LACTYLATE A.B.
E 483 STEARYL TARTRATE A.B.
E 491 SORBITAN MONOSTEARATE A.B.C.
E 492 SORBITAN TRISTEARATE A.B.C.
E 493 SORBITAN MONOLAURATE A.B.
E 494 SORBITAN MONOOLEATE A.B.
E 495 SORBITAN MONOPALMITATE A.B.C.
E 500(i) SODIUM CARBONATE A.B.
E 500(ii) SODIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE A.B.C.
E 500(iii) SODIUM SESQUICARBONATE A.B.
E 501(i) POTASSIUM CARBONATE A.B.
E 501(ii) POTASSIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE A.B.
E 503(i) AMMONIUM CARBONATE A.B.C.
E 503(ii) AMMONIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE A.B.C.
E 504(ii) MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE CARBONATE A.B.
E 507 HYDROCHLORIC ACID A.B.
E 508 POTASSIUM CHLORIDE A.B.
E 509 CALCIUM CHLORIDE A.B.
E 511 MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE A.B.
E 512 STANNOUS CHLORIDE A.B.
E 513 SULPHURIC ACID A.B.
E 514(i) SODIUM SULPHATE A.B.
E 514(ii) SODIUM HYDROGEN SULPHATE A.B.
E 515(i) POTASSIUM SULPHATE A.B.C.
E 515(ii) POTASSIUM HYDROGEN SULPHATE A.B.
E 516 CALCIUM SULPHATE A.B.
E 517 AMMONIUM SULPHATE A.B.
E 520 ALUMINIUM SULPHATE A.B.C.
E 521 ALUMINIUM SODIUM SULPHATE A.B.
E 522 ALUMINIUM POTASSIUM SULPHATE A.B.C.
E 523 ALUMINIUM AMMONIUM SULPHATE A.B.
E 524 SODIUM HYDROXIDE A.B.C.
E 525 POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE A.B.C.
E 526 CALCIUM HYDROXIDE A.B.
E 527 AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE A.
E 528 MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE A.B.
E 529 CALCIUM OXIDE A.B.C.
E 530 MAGNESIUM OXIDE A.B.
E 535 SODIUM FERROCYANIDE A.
E 536 POTASSIUM FERROCYANIDE A.
E 538 CALCIUM FERROCYANIDE A.
E 541 SODIUM ALUMINIUM PHOSPHATE, ACIDIC A.B.C.
E 551 SILICON DIOXIDE A.
E 552 CALCIUM SILICATE A.B.
E 553a(i) MAGNESIUM SILICATE A.B.
E 553a(ii) MAGNESIUM TRISILICATE A.B.
E 553b TALC A.B.C.
E 554 SODIUM ALUMINIUM SILICATE A.B.
E 555 POTASSIUM ALUMINIUM SILICATE A.
E 556 CALCIUM ALUMINIUM SILICATE A.
E 558 BENTONITE A.B.C.
E 559 ALUMINIUM SILICATE (KAOLIN) A.B.C.
E 570 FATTY ACIDS A.
E 574 GLUCONIC ACID A.
E 575 GLUCONO-DELTA-LACTONE A.B.C.
E 576 SODIUM GLUCONATE A.B.C.
E 577 POTASSIUM GLUCONATE A.B.
E 578 CALCIUM GLUCONATE A.B.C.
E 579 FERROUS GLUCONATE A.B.C.D.
E 585 FERROUS LACTATE A.B.C.
E 586 4-HEXYLRESORCINOL A.B.C.D.
E 620 GLUTAMIC ACID A.B.C.
E 621 MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE A.B.C.D.
E 622 MONOPOTASSIUM GLUTAMATE A.B.C.D.
E 623 CALCIUM DIGLUTAMATE A.B.C.
E 624 MONOAMMONIUM GLUTAMATE A.B.C.D.
E 625 MAGNESIUM DIGLUTAMATE A.B.C.D.
E 626 GUANYLIC ACID A.B.C.
E 627 DISODIUM GUANYLATE A.B.C.
E 628 DIPOTASSIUM GUANYLATE A.B.C.
E 629 CALCIUM GUANYLATE A.B.C.
E 630 INOSINIC ACID A.B.C.
E 631 DISODIUM INOSINATE A.B.C.
E 632 DIPOTASSIUM INOSINATE A.B.C.
E 633 CALCIUM INOSINATE A.B.C.
E 634 CALCIUM 5'-RIBONUCLEOTIDE A.B.
E 635 DISODIUM 5'-RIBONUCLEOTIDE A.B.
E 640 GLYCINE AND ITS SODIUM SALT A.B.
E 650 ZINC ACETATE A.B.
E 900 DIMETHYL POLYSILOXANE A.B.C.
E 901 BEESWAX A.B.C.
E 902 CANDELILLA WAX A.B.C.
E 903 CARNAUBA WAX A.B.C.
E 904 SHELLAC A.B.
E 905 MICROCRYSTALLINE WAX A.B.
E 907 HYDROGENATED POLY-1-DECENE A.B.
E 912 MONTAN ACID ESTERS A.B.
E 914 OXIDISED POLYETHYLENE WAX A.B.
E 920 L-CYSTEINE A.B.C.
E 927b CARBAMIDE A.B.C.D.
E 941 NITROGEN
E 942 NITROUS OXIDE
E 943a BUTANE A.
E 943b ISOBUTANE A.
E 944 PROPANE A.
E 949 HYDROGEN
E 950 ACESULFAME K
E 951 ASPARTAME
E 953 ISOMALT
E 957 THAUMATIN
E 959 NEOHESPERIDINE DIHYDROCHALCONE
E 965(i) MALTITOL
E 965(ii) MALTITOL SYRUP
E 966 LACTITOL
E 967 XYLITOL
E 999 QUILLAIA EXTRACT A.
E 1103 INVERTASE
E 1105 LYSOZYME A.B.C.
E 1200 POLYDEXTROSE A.B.
E 1201 POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE A.B.
E 1202 POLYVINYLPOLYPYRROLIDONE A.B.
E 1204 PULLULAN A.B.C.D.
E 1404 OXIDISED STARCH A.B.
E 1410 MONOSTARCH PHOSPHATE A.B.
E 1412 DISTARCH PHOSPHATE A.B.
E 1413 PHOSPHATED DISTARCH PHOSPHATE A.B.
E 1414 ACETYLATED DISTARCH PHOSPHATE A.B.
E 1420 ACETYLATED STARCH A.B.
E 1422 ACETYLATED DISTARCH ADIPATE A.B.
E 1440 HYDROXYPROPYL STARCH A.B.
E 1442 HYDROXYPROPYL DISTARCH PHOSPHATE A.B.
E 1450 STARCH SODIUM OCTENYL SUCCINATE A.B.
E 1451 ACETYLATED OXIDISED STARCH A.B.
E 1452 STARCH ALUMINIUM OCTENYL SUCCINATE A.B.
E 1505 TRIETHYL CITRATE A.B.
E 1517 GLYCERYL DIACETATE A.B.C.D.
E 1518 GLYCERYL TRIACETATE A.B.C.D.
E 1519 BENZYL ALCOHOL A.B.C.D.
E 1520 PROPANE-1,2-DIOL A.B.C.
ANNEX II
PART A Repealed Directive with list of its successive amendments (referred to in Article 2)
PART B List of time-limits for transposition into national law (referred to in Article 2)
ANNEX III Correlation table

THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,

Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community,

Having regard to Council Directive 89/107/EEC of 21 December 1988 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning food additives authorised for use in foodstuffs intended for human consumption, and in particular Article 3(3)(a) thereof,

Whereas:

(1) Commission Directive 96/77/EC of 2 December 1996 laying down specific purity criteria on food additives other than colours and sweeteners has been substantially amended several times. In the interests of clarity and rationality the said Directive should be codified.

(2) It is necessary to establish purity criteria for all additives other than colours and sweeteners mentioned in European Parliament and Council Directive 95/2/EC of 20 February 1995 on food additives other than colours and sweeteners.

(3) It is necessary to take into account the specifications and analytical techniques for additives as set out in the Codex Alimentarius as drafted by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA).

(4) Food additives prepared by production methods or starting materials significantly different from those evaluated by the Scientific Committee for Food or different from those mentioned in this Directive should be submitted for safety evaluation by the European Food Safety Authority with emphasis on the purity criteria.

(5) The measures provided for in this Directive are in accordance with the opinion of the Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health.

(6) This Directive should be without prejudice to the obligations of the Member States relating to the time-limits for transposition into national law of the Directives set out in Annex II, part B,

HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE:

Article 1

The purity criteria referred to in Article 3(3)(a) of Directive 89/107/EEC for food additives other than colours and sweeteners, as mentioned in Directive 95/2/EC, are set out in Annex I to this Directive.

Article 2

Directive 96/77/EC, as amended by the Directives listed in Annex II, part A, is repealed, without prejudice to the obligations of the Member States relating to the time-limits for transposition into national law set out in Annex II, part B. References to the repealed Directive shall be construed as references to this Directive and shall be read in accordance with the correlation table in Annex III.

Article 3

This Directive shall enter into force on the 20th day following its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.

Article 4

This Directive is addressed to the Member States.

Done at Brussels, 27 August 2008. For the Commission The President José Manuel Barroso

ANNEX

ANNEX I

Ethylene oxide may not be used for sterilising purposes in food additives.

E 170 (i) CALCIUM CARBONATE

Purity criteria for this additive are the same as set out for this additive in the Annex to Commission Directive 95/45/EC.

E 200 SORBIC ACID A.B.C.D.

Definition Chemical name Sorbic acid Trans, trans-2,4-hexadienoic acid Einecs 203-768-7 Chemical formula C6H8O2 Molecular weight 112,12 Assay Content not less than 99 % on the anhydrous basis Description Colourless needles or white free flowing powder, having a slight characteristic odour and showing no change in colour after heating for 90 minutes at 105 oC Identification Melting range Between 133 oC and 135 oC, after vacuum drying for four hours in a sulphuric acid desiccator Spectrometry An isopropanol solution (1 in 4000000) shows absorbance maximum at 254 ± 2 nm Positive test for double bonds Sublimation point 80 oC Purity Water content Not more than 0,5 % (Karl Fischer method) Sulphated ash Not more than 0,2 % Aldehydes Not more than 0,1 % (as formaldehyde) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 202 POTASSIUM SORBATE A.B.

Definition Chemical name Potassium sorbate Potassium (E, E)-2,4-hexadienoate Potassium salt of trans, trans 2,4-hexadienoic acid Einecs 246-376-1 Chemical formula C6H7O2K Molecular weight 150,22 Assay Content not less than 99 % on the dried basis Description White crystalline powder showing no change in colour after heating for 90 minutes at 105 oC Identification Melting range of sorbic acid isolated by acidification and not recrystallised 133 oC to 135 oC after vacuum drying in a sulphuric acid desiccator Positive tests for potassium and for double bonds Purity Loss on drying Not more than 1,0 % (105 oC, 3h) Acidity or alkalinity Not more than about 1,0 % (as sorbic acid or K2CO3) Aldehydes Not more than 0,1 %, calculated as formaldehyde Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 203 CALCIUM SORBATE A.B.

Definition Chemical name Calcium sorbate Calcium salts of trans, trans-2,4-hexadienoic acid Einecs 231-321-6 Chemical formula C12H14O4Ca Molecular weight 262,32 Assay Content not less than 98 % on the dried basis Description Fine white crystalline powder not showing any change in colour after heating at 105 oC for 90 minutes Identification Melting range of sorbic acid isolated by acidification and not recrystallised 133 oC to 135 oC after vacuum drying in a sulphuric acid desiccator Positive tests for calcium and for double bonds Purity Loss on drying Not more than 2,0 %, determined by vacuum drying for four hours in a sulphuric acid desiccator Aldehydes Not more than 0,1 % (as formaldehyde) Fluoride Not more than 10 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 210 BENZOIC ACID A.B.

Definition Chemical name Benzoic acid Benzenecarboxylic acid Phenylcarboxylic acid Einecs 200-618-2 Chemical formula C7H6O2 Molecular weight 122,12 Assay Content not less than 99,5 % on the anhydrous basis Description White crystalline powder Identification Melting range 121,5 oC to 123,5 oC Positive sublimation test and test for benzoate Purity Loss on drying Not more than 0,5 % after drying for three hours over sulphuric acid pH About 4 (solution in water) Sulphated ash Not more than 0,05 % Chlorinated organic compounds Not more than 0,07 % expressed as chloride corresponding to 0,3 % expressed as monochlorobenzoic acid Readily oxidisable substances Add 1,5 ml of sulphuric acid to 100 ml of water, heat to boiling point and add 0,1 N KMnO4 in drops, until the pink colour persists for 30 seconds. Dissolve 1 g of the sample, weighed to the nearest mg, in the heated solution, and titrate with 0,1 N KMnO4 to a pink colour that persists for 15 seconds. Not more than 0,5 ml should be required Readily carbonisable substances A cold solution of 0,5 g of benzoic acid in 5 ml of 94,5 to 95,5 % sulphuric acid must not show a stronger colouring than that of a reference liquid containing 0,2 ml of cobalt chloride TSC, 0,3 ml of ferric chloride TSC, 0,1 ml of copper sulphate TSC and 4,4 ml of water Polycyclic acids On fractional acidification of a neutralised solution of benzoic acid, the first precipitate must not have a different melting point from that of the benzoic acid Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 211 SODIUM BENZOATE A.B.C.

Definition Chemical name Sodium benzoate Sodium salt of benzenecarboxylic acid Sodium salt of phenylcarboxylic acid Einecs 208-534-8 Chemical formula C7H5O2Na Molecular weight 144,11 Assay Not less than 99 % of C7H5O2Na, after drying at 105 oC for four hours Description A white, almost odourless, crystalline powder or granules Identification Solubility Freely soluble in water, sparingly soluble in ethanol Melting range for benzoic acid Melting range of benzoic acid isolated by acidification and not recrystallised 121,5 oC to 123,5 oC, after drying in a sulphuric acid desiccator Positive tests for benzoate and for sodium Purity Loss on drying Not more than 1,5 % after drying at 105 oC for four hours Readily oxidisable substances Add 1,5 ml of sulphuric acid to 100 ml of water, heat to boiling point and add 0,1 N KMnO4 in drops, until the pink colour persists for 30 seconds. Dissolve 1 g of the sample, weighed to the nearest mg, in the heated solution, and titrate with 0,1 N KMnO4 to a pink colour that persists for 15 seconds. Not more than 0,5 ml should be required Polycyclic acids On fractional acidification of a (neutralised) solution of sodium benzoate, the first precipitate must not have a different melting range from that of benzoic acid Chlorinated organic compounds Not more than 0,06 % expressed as chloride, corresponding to 0,25 % expressed as monochlorobenzoic acid Degree of acidity or alkalinity Neutralisation of 1 g of sodium benzoate, in the presence of phenolphthalein, must not require more than 0,25 ml of 0,1 N NaOH or 0,1 N HCl Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 212 POTASSIUM BENZOATE A.B.

Definition Chemical name Potassium benzoate Potassium salt of benzenecarboxylic acid Potassium salt of phenylcarboxylic acid Einecs 209-481-3 Chemical formula C7H5KO2·3H2O Molecular weight 214,27 Assay Content not less than 99 % C7H5KO2 after drying at 105 oC to constant weight Description White crystalline powder Identification Melting range of benzoic acid isolated by acidification and not recrystallised 121,5 oC to 123,5 oC, after vacuum drying in a sulphuric acid desiccator Positive tests for benzoate and for potassium Purity Loss on drying Not more than 26,5 %, determined by drying at 105 oC Chlorinated organic compounds Not more than 0,06 % expressed as chloride, corresponding to 0,25 % expressed as monochlorobenzoic acid Readily oxidisable substances Add 1,5 ml of sulphuric acid to 100 ml of water, heat to boiling point and add 0,1 N KMnO4 in drops, until the pink colour persists for 30 seconds. Dissolve 1 g of the sample, weighed to the nearest mg, in the heated solution, and titrate with 0,1 N KMnO4 to a pink colour that persists for 15 seconds. Not more than 0,5 ml should be required Readily carbonisable substances A cold solution of 0,5 g of benzoic acid in 5 ml 94,5 to 95,5 % sulphuric acid must not show a stronger colouring than that of a reference liquid containing 0,2 ml of cobalt chloride TSC, 0,3 ml of ferric chloride TSC, 0,1 ml of copper sulphate TSC and 4,4 ml of water Polycyclic acids On fractional acidification of a (neutralised) solution of potassium benzoate, the first precipitate must not have a different melting range from that of benzoic acid Degree of acidity or alkalinity Neutralisation of 1 g of potassium benzoate, in the presence of phenolphthalein, must not require more than 0,25 ml of 0,1 N NaOH or 0,1 N HCl Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 213 CALCIUM BENZOATE A.B.

Synonyms Monocalcium benzoate Definition Chemical name Calcium benzoate Calcium dibenzoate Einecs 218-235-4 Chemical formula Anhydrous: C14H10O4Ca Monohydrate: C14H10O4Ca· H2O Trihydrate: C14H10O4Ca· 3H2O Molecular weight Anhydrous: 282,31 Monohydrate: 300,32 Trihydrate: 336,36 Assay Content not less than 99 % after drying at 105 oC Description White or colourless crystals, or white powder Identification Melting range of benzoic acid isolated by acidification and not recrystallised 121,5 oC to 123,5 oC, after vacuum drying in a sulphuric acid desiccator Positive tests for benzoate and for calcium Purity Loss on drying Not more than 17,5 % determined by drying at 105 oC to constant weight Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,3 % Chlorinated organic compounds Not more than 0,06 % expressed as chloride, corresponding to 0,25 % expressed as monochlorobenzoic acids Readily oxidisable substances Add 1,5 ml of sulphuric acid to 100 ml of water, heat to boiling point and add 0,1 N KMnO4 in drops, until the pink colour persists for 30 seconds. Dissolve 1 g of the sample, weighed to the nearest mg, in the heated solution, and titrate with 0,1 N KMnO4 to a pink colour that persists for 15 seconds. Not more than 0,5 ml should be required Readily carbonisable substances Cold solution of 0,5 g of benzoic acid in 5 ml of 94,5 to 95,5 % sulphuric acid must not show a stronger colouring than that of a reference liquid containing 0,2 ml of cobalt chloride TSC, 0,3 ml of ferric chloride TSC, 0,1 ml of copper sulphate TSC and 4,4 ml of water Polycyclic acids On fractional acidification of a (neutralised) solution of calcium benzoate, the first precipitate must not be a different melting range from that of benzoic acid Degree of acidity or alkalinity Neutralisation of 1 g of calcium benzoate, in the presence of phenolphthalein, must not require more than 0,25 ml of 0,1 N NaOH or 0,1 N HCl Fluoride Not more than 10 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 214 ETHYL p-HYDROXYBENZOATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Ethylparaben Ethyl p-oxybenzoate Definition Chemical name Ethyl-p-hydroxybenzoate Ethyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid Einecs 204-399-4 Chemical formula C9H10O3 Molecular weight 166,8 Assay Content not less than 99,5 % after drying for two hours at 80 oC Description Almost odourless, small, colourless crystals or a white, crystalline powder Identification Melting range 115 oC to 118 oC Positive test for p-hydroxybenzoate Melting range of p-hydroxybenzoic acid isolated by acidification and not recrystallised: 213 oC to 217 oC, after vacuum drying in a sulphuric acid desiccator Positive test for alcohol Purity Loss on drying Not more than 0,5 % after drying for two hours at 80 oC Sulphated ash Not more than 0,05 % p-Hydroxybenzoic acid and salicylic acid Not more than 0,35 % expressed as p-hydroxybenzoic acid Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 215 SODIUM ETHYL p-HYDROXYBENZOATE A.B.C.D.

Definition Chemical name Sodium ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate Sodium compound of the ethyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid Einecs 252-487-6 Chemical formula C9H9O3Na Molecular weight 188,8 Assay Content of ethylester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid not less than 83 % on the anhydrous basis Description White, crystalline hygroscopic powder Identification Melting range 115 oC to 118 oC, after vacuum drying in a sulphuric acid desiccator Positive test for p-hydroxybenzoate Melting range of p-hydroxybenzoic acid derived from the sample is 213 oC to 217 oC Positive test for sodium pH of a 0,1 % aqueous solution must be between 9,9 and 10,3 Purity Loss on drying Not more than 5 %, determined by vacuum drying in a sulphuric acid desiccator Sulphated ash 37 to 39 % p-Hydroxybenzoic acid and salicylic acid Not more than 0,35 % expressed as p-hydroxybenzoic acid Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 218 METHYL p-HYDROXYBENZOATE A.B.

Synonyms Methylparaben Methyl-p-oxybenzoate Definition Chemical name Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Methyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid Einecs 243-171-5 Chemical formula C8H8O3 Molecular weight 152,15 Assay Content not less than 99 % after drying for two hours at 80 oC Description Almost odourless, small colourless crystals or white crystalline powder Identification Melting range 125 oC to 128 oC Positive test for p-hydroxybenzoate Melting range of p-hydroxybenzoic acid derived from the sample is 213 oC to 217 oC after drying for two hours at 80 oC Purity Loss on drying Not more than 0,5 %, after drying for two hours at 80 oC Sulphated ash Not more than 0,05 % p-Hydroxybenzoic acid and salicylic acid Not more than 0,35 % expressed as p-hydroxybenzoic acid Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 219 SODIUM METHYL p-HYDROXYBENZOATE A.B.C.

Definition Chemical name Sodium methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Sodium compound of the methylester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid Chemical formula C8H7O3Na Molecular weight 174,15 Assay Content not less than 99,5 % on the anhydrous basis Description White, hygroscopic powder Identification The white precipitate formed by acidifying with hydrochloric acid a 10 % (w/v) aqueous solution of the sodium derivative of methyl p-hydroxybenzoate (using litmus paper as indicator) shall, when washed with water and dried at 80 oC for two hours, have a melting range of 125 oC to 128 oC Positive test for sodium pH of a 0,1 % solution in carbon dioxide free water, not less than 9,7 and not more than 10,3 Purity Water content Not more than 5 % (Karl Fischer method) Sulphated ash 40 % to 44,5 % on the anhydrous basis p-Hydroxybenzoic acid and salicylic acid Not more than 0,35 % expressed as p-hydroxybenzoic acid Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 220 SULPHUR DIOXIDE A.

Definition Chemical name Sulphur dioxide Sulphurous acid anhydride Einecs 231-195-2 Chemical formula SO2 Molecular weight 64,07 Assay Content not less than 99 % Description Colourless, non-flammable gas with strong pungent suffocating odour Identification Positive test for sulphurous substances Purity Water content Not more than 0,05 % Non-volatile residue Not more than 0,01 % Sulphur trioxide Not more than 0,1 % Selenium Not more than 10 mg/kg Other gases not normally present in the air No trace Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 221 SODIUM SULPHITE A.B.

Definition Chemical name Sodium sulphite (anhydrous or heptahydrate) Einecs 231-821-4 Chemical formula Anhydrous: Na2SO3 Heptahydrate: Na2SO37H2O Molecular weight Anhydrous: 126,04 Heptahydrate: 252,16 Assay Anhydrous: Not less than 95 % of Na2SO3 and not less than 48 % of SO2 Heptahydrate: Not less than 48 % of Na2SO3 and not less than 24 % of SO2 Description White crystalline powder or colourless crystals Identification Positive tests for sulphite and for sodium pH of a 10 % solution (anhydrous) or a 20 % solution (heptahydrate) between 8,5 and 11,5 Purity Thiosulphate Not more than 0,1 % based on the SO2 content Iron Not more than 50 mg/kg based on the SO2 content Selenium Not more than 10 mg/kg based on the SO2 content Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 222 SODIUM BISULPHITE A.B.

Definition Chemical name Sodium bisulphite Sodium hydrogen sulphite Einecs 231-921-4 Chemical formula NaHSO3 in aqueous solution Molecular weight 104,06 Assay Content not less than 32 % w/w NaHSO3 Description A clear, colourless to yellow solution Identification Positive tests for sulphite and for sodium pH of a 10 % aqueous solution between 2,5 and 5,5 Purity Iron Not more than 50 mg/kg of Na2SO3 based on the SO2 content Selenium Not more than 10 mg/kg based on the SO2 content Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 223 SODIUM METABISULPHITE A.B.

Synonyms Pyrosulphite Sodium pyrosulphite Definition Chemical name Sodium disulphite Disodium pentaoxodisulphate Einecs 231-673-0 Chemical formula Na2S2O5 Molecular weight 190,11 Assay Content not less than 95 % Na2S2O5 and not less than 64 % of SO2 Description White crystals or crystalline powder Identification Positive tests for sulphite and for sodium pH of a 10 % aqueous solution between 4,0 and 5,5 Purity Thiosulphate Not more than 0,1 % based on the SO2 content Iron Not more than 50 mg/kg based on the SO2 content Selenium Not more than 10 mg/kg based on the SO2 content Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 224 POTASSIUM METABISULPHITE A.

Synonyms Potassium pyrosulphite Definition Chemical name Potassium disulphite Potassium pentaoxo disulphate Einecs 240-795-3 Chemical formula K2S2O5 Molecular weight 222,33 Assay Content not less than 90 % of K2S2O5 and not less than 51,8 % of SO2, the remainder being composed almost entirely of potassium sulphate Description Colourless crystals or white crystalline powder Identification Positive tests for sulphite and for potassium Purity Thiosulphate Not more than 0,1 % based on the SO2 content Iron Not more than 50 mg/kg based on the SO2 content Selenium Not more than 10 mg/kg based on the SO2 content Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 226 CALCIUM SULPHITE A.

Definition Chemical name Calcium sulphite Einecs 218-235-4 Chemical formula CaSO3·2H2O Molecular weight 156,17 Assay Content not less than 95 % of CaSO3·2H2O and not less than 39 % of SO2 Description White crystals or white crystalline powder Identification Positive tests for sulphite and for calcium Purity Iron Not more than 50 mg/kg based on the SO2 content Selenium Not more than 10 mg/kg based on the SO2 content Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 227 CALCIUM BISULPHITE A.

Definition Chemical name Calcium bisulphite Calcium hydrogen sulphite Einecs 237-423-7 Chemical formula Ca(HSO3)2 Molecular weight 202,22 Assay 6 to 8 % (w/v) of sulphur dioxide and 2,5 to 3,5 % (w/v) of calcium dioxide corresponding to 10 to 14 % (w/v) of calcium bisulphite [Ca(HSO3)2] Description Clear greenish-yellow aqueous solution having a distinct odour of sulphur dioxide Identification Positive tests for sulphite and for calcium Purity Iron Not more than 50 mg/kg based on the SO2 content Selenium Not more than 10 mg/kg based on the SO2 content Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 228 POTASSIUM BISULPHITE A.

Definition Chemical name Potassium bisulphite Potassium hydrogen sulphite Einecs 231-870-1 Chemical formula KHSO3 in aqueous solution Molecular weight 120,17 Assay Content not less than 280 g KHSO3 per litre (or 150 g SO2 per litre) Description Clear colourless aqueous solution Identification Positive tests for sulphite and for potassium Purity Iron Not more than 50 mg/kg based on the SO2 content Selenium Not more than 10 mg/kg based on the SO2 content Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 230 BIPHENYL A.B.

Synonyms Diphenyl Definition Chemical name 1,1′-biphenyl Phenylbenzene Einecs 202-163-5 Chemical formula C12H10 Molecular weight 154,20 Assay Content not less than 99,8 % Description White or pale yellow to amber crystalline solid having a characteristic odour Identification Melting range 68,5 oC to 70,5 oC Distillation range It distils completely within a 2,5 oC range between 252,5 oC and 257,5 oC Purity Benzene Not more than 10 mg/kg Aromatic amines Not more than 2 mg/kg (as aniline) Phenol derivatives Not more than 5 mg/kg (as phenol) Readily carbonisable substances Cold solution of 0,5 g of biphenyl in 5 ml of 94,5 to 95,5 % sulphuric acid must not show a stronger colouring than that of a reference liquid containing 0,2 ml of cobalt chloride TSC, 0,3 ml of ferric chloride TSC, 0,1 ml of copper sulphate TSC and 4,4 ml of water Terphenyl and higher polyphenyl derivatives Not more than 0,2 % Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Absent Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 231 ORTHOPHENYLPHENOL A.B.

Synonyms Orthoxenol Definition Chemical name (1,1'-Biphenyl)-2-ol 2-Hydroxydiphenyl o-Hydroxydiphenyl Einecs 201-993-5 Chemical formula C12H10O Molecular weight 170,20 Assay Content not less than 99 % Description White or slightly yellowish crystalline powder Identification Melting range 56 oC to 58 oC Positive test for phenolate An ethanolic solution (1 g in 10 ml) produces a green colour on addition of 10 % ferric chloride solution Purity Sulphated ash Not more than 0,05 % Diphenyl ether Not more than 0,3 % p-Phenylphenol Not more than 0,1 % 1-Naphthol Not more than 0,01 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 232 SODIUM ORTHOPHENYLPHENOL A.B.C.

Synonyms Sodium orthophenylphenate Sodium salt ofo-phenylphenol Definition Chemical name Sodium orthophenylphenol Einecs 205-055-6 Chemical formula C12H9ONa· 4H2O Molecular weight 264,26 Assay Content not less than 97 % of C12H9ONa· 4H2O Description White or slightly yellowish crystalline powder Identification Positive tests for phenolate and for sodium Melting range of orthophenylphenol isolated by acidification and not recrystallised derived from the sample 56 oC to 58 oC after drying in a sulphuric acid desiccator pH of a 2 % aqueous solution must be between 11,1 and 11,8 Purity Diphenylether Not more than 0,3 % p-phenylphenol Not more than 0,1 % 1-naphthol Not more than 0,01 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 233 THIABENDAZOLE A.B.

Definition Chemical name 4-(2-benzimidazolyl)thiazole 2-(4-thiazolyl)-1H-benzimidazole Einecs 205-725-8 Chemical formula C10H7N3S Molecular weight 201,26 Assay Content not less than 98 % on the anhydrous basis Description White, or almost white, odourless powder Identification Melting range 296 oC to 303 oC Spectrometry Absorption maxima in 0,1 N HCl (0,0005 % w/v) at 302 nm, 258 nm and 243 nm E 1%1cmat 302 nm ± 2 nm: approximately 1230 E 1%1cmat 258 nm ± 2 nm: approximately 200 E 1%1cmat 243 nm ± 2 nm: approximately 620 Ratio of absorption 243 nm/302 nm = 0,47 to 0,53 Ratio of absorption 258 nm/302 nm = 0,14 to 0,18 Purity Water content Not more than 0,5 % (Karl Fischer method) Sulphated ash Not more than 0,2 % Selenium Not more than 3 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 234 NISIN Definition Nisin consists of several closely related polypeptides produced by natural strains of Streptococcus lactis, Lancefield group N Einecs 215-807-5 Chemical formula C143H230N42O37S7 Molecular weight 3 354 ,12 Assay Nisin concentrate contains not less than 900 units per mg in a mixture of non-fat milk solids and a minimum sodium chloride content of 50 % Description White powder Purity Loss on drying Not more than 3 % when dried to constant weight at 102 oC to 103 oC Arsenic Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 235 NATAMYCIN A.B.C.D.

Synonyms Pimaricin Definition Natamycin is a fungicide of the polyene macrolide group, and is produced by natural strains of Streptomyces natalensis or of Streptococcus lactis Einecs 231-683-5 Chemical formula C33H47O13N Molecular weight 665,74 Assay Content not less than 95 % on the anhydrous basis Description White to creamy-white crystalline powder Identification Colour reactions On adding a few crystals of natamycin on a spot plate, to a drop of: which changes into pale red after a few minutes Spectrometry A 0,0005 % w/v solution in 1 % methanolic acetic acid solution has absorption maxima at about 290 nm, 303 nm and 318 nm, a shoulder at about 280 nm and exhibits minima at about 250 nm, 295,5 nm and 311 nm pH 5,5 to 7,5 (1 % w/v solution in previously neutralised mixture of 20 parts dimethylformamide and 80 parts of water) Specific rotation [α]D20 = + 250o to + 295o (a 1 % w/v solution in glacial acetic acid, at 20 oC and calculated with reference to the dried material) Purity Loss on drying Not more than 8 % (over P2O5, in vacuum at 60 oC to constant weight) Sulphated ash Not more than 0,5 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg Microbiological criteria: total viable count Not more than 100/g

concentrated hydrochloric acid, a blue colour develops,

concentrated phosphoric acid, a green colour develops,

E 239 HEXAMETHYLENE TETRAMINE A.B.

Synonyms Hexamine Methenamine Definition Chemical name 1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo [3.3.1.13,7]-decane, hexamethylenetetramine Einecs 202-905-8 Chemical formula C6H12N4 Molecular weight 140,19 Assay Content not less than 99 % on the anhydrous basis Description Colourless or white crystalline powder Identification Positive tests for formaldehyde and for ammonia Sublimation point approximately 260 oC Purity Loss on drying Not more than 0,5 % after drying at 105 oC in vacuum over P2O5 for two hours Sulphated ash Not more than 0,05 % Sulphates Not more than 0,005 % expressed as SO4 Chlorides Not more than 0,005 % expressed as Cl Ammonium salts Not detectable Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 242 DIMETHYL DICARBONATE A.B.C.D.

Synonyms DMDC Dimethyl pyrocarbonate Definition Chemical name Dimethyl dicarbonate Pyrocarbonic acid dimethyl ester Einecs 224-859-8 Chemical formula C4H6O5 Molecular weight 134,09 Assay Content not less than 99,8 % Description Colourless liquid, decomposes in aqueous solution. It is corrosive to skin and eyes and toxic by inhalation and ingestion Identification Decomposition After dilution positive tests for CO2 and methanol Melting point 17 oC Boiling point 172 oC with decomposition Density 20 oC Approximately 1,25 g/cm3 Infrared spectrum Maxima at 1156 and 1832 cm- 1 Purity Dimethyl carbonate Not more than 0,2 % Chlorine, total Not more than 3 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 249 POTASSIUM NITRITE A.B.

Definition Chemical name Potassium nitrite Einecs 231-832-4 Chemical formula KNO2 Molecular weight 85,11 Assay Content not less than 95 % on the anhydrous basis Description White or slightly yellow, deliquescent granules Identification Positive tests for nitrite and for potassium pH of a 5 % solution: Not less than 6,0 and not more than 9,0 Purity Loss on drying Not more than 3 % after drying for four hours over silica gel Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 250 SODIUM NITRITE A.

Definition Chemical name Sodium nitrite Einecs 231-555-9 Chemical formula NaNO2 Molecular weight 69,00 Assay Content not less than 97 % on the anhydrous basis Description White crystalline powder or yellowish lumps Identification Positive tests for nitrite and for sodium Purity Loss on drying Not more than 0,25 % after drying over silica gel for four hours Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 251 SODIUM NITRATE

1.A.B. SOLID SODIUM NITRATE Synonyms Chile saltpetre Cubic or soda nitre Definition Chemical name Sodium nitrate Einecs 231-554-3 Chemical formula NaNO3 Molecular weight 85,00 Assay Content not less than 99 % after drying Description White crystalline, slightly hygroscopic powder Identification Positive tests for nitrate and for sodium pH of a 5 % solution Not less than 5,5 and more than 8,3 Purity Loss on drying Not more than 2 % after drying at 105 oC for four hours Nitrites Not more than 30 mg/kg expressed as NaNO2 Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

2.A.B. LIQUID SODIUM NITRATE Definition Liquid sodium nitrate is an aqueous solution of sodium nitrate as the direct result of the chemical reaction between sodium hydroxide and nitric acid in stoechiometric amounts, without subsequent crystallisation. Standardised forms prepared from liquid sodium nitrate meeting these specifications may contain nitric acid in excessive amounts, if clearly stated or labelled. Chemical name Sodium nitrate Einecs 231-554-3 Chemical formula NaNO3 Molecular weight 85,00 Assay Content between 33,5 % and 40,0 % of NaNO3 Description Clear colourless liquid Identification Positive tests for nitrate and for sodium pH Not less than 1,5 and not more than 3,5 Purity Free nitric acid Not more than 0,01 % Nitrites Not more than 10 mg/kg expressed as NaNO2 Arsenic Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 0,3 mg/kg This specification refers to a 35 % aqueous solution

E 252 POTASSIUM NITRATE A.B.

Synonyms Chile saltpetre Cubic or soda nitre Definition Chemical name Potassium nitrate Einecs 231-818-8 Chemical formula KNO3 Molecular weight 101,11 Assay Content not less than 99 % on the anhydrous basis Description White crystalline powder or transparent prisms having a cooling, saline, pungent taste Identification Positive tests for nitrate and for potassium pH of a 5 % solution Not less than 4,5 and not more than 8,5 Purity Loss on drying Not more than 1 % after drying at 105 oC for four hours Nitrites Not more than 20 mg/kg expressed as KNO2 Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 260 ACETIC ACID A.B.C.D.

Definition Chemical name Acetic acid Ethanoic acid Einecs 200-580-7 Chemical formula C2H4O2 Molecular weight 60,05 Assay Content not less than 99,8 % Description Clear, colourless liquid having a pungent, characteristic odour Identification Boiling point 118 oC at 760 mm pressure (of mercury) Specific gravity About 1,049 A one in three solution gives positive tests for acetate Solidification point Not lower than 14,5 oC Purity Non-volatile residue Not more than 100 mg/kg Formic acid, formates and other oxidisable substances Not more than 1000 mg/kg expressed as formic acid Readily oxidisable substances Dilute 2 ml of the sample in a glass-stoppered container with 10 ml of water and add 0,1 ml of 0,1 N potassium permanganate. The pink colour does not change to brown within 30 minutes Arsenic Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 261 POTASSIUM ACETATE A.B.

Definition Chemical name Potassium acetate Einecs 204-822-2 Chemical formula C2H3O2K Molecular weight 98,14 Assay Content not less than 99 % on the anhydrous basis Description Colourless, deliquescent crystals or a white crystalline powder, odourless or with a faint acetic odour Identification pH of a 5 % aqueous solution Not less than 7,5 and not more than 9,0 Positive tests for acetate and for potassium Purity Loss on drying Not more than 8 % after drying at 150 oC for two hours Formic acid, formates and other oxidisable substances Not more than 1000 mg/kg expressed as formic acid Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 262 (i) SODIUM ACETATE A.B.

Definition Chemical name Sodium acetate Einecs 204-823-8 Chemical formula C2H3NaO2·nH2O (n = 0 or 3) Molecular weight Anhydrous: 82,03 Trihydrate: 136,08 Assay Content (for both of anhydrous and trihydrate form) not less than 98,5 % on the anhydrous basis Description Anhydrous: White, odourless, granular, hygroscopic powder Trihydrate: Colourless, transparent crystals or a granular crystalline powder, odourless or with a faint, acetic odour. Effloresces in warm, dry air Identification pH of a 1 % aqueous solution Not less than 8,0 and not more than 9,5 Positive tests for acetate and for sodium Purity Loss on drying Anhydrous: Not more than 2 % (120 oC, 4 hours) Trihydrate: Between 36 and 42 % (120 oC, 4 hours) Formic acid, formates and other oxidisable substances Not more than 1000 mg/kg expressed as formic acid Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

(ii) SODIUM DIACETATE A.B.

Definition Sodium diacetate is a molecular compound of sodium acetate and acetic acid Chemical name Sodium hydrogen diacetate Einecs 204-814-9 Chemical formula C4H7NaO4·nH2O (n = 0 or 3) Molecular weight 142,09 (anhydrous) Assay Content 39 to 41 % of free acetic acid and 58 to 60 % of sodium acetate Description White, hygroscopic crystalline solid with an acetic odour Identification pH of a 10 % aqueous solution Not less than 4,5 and not more than 5,0 Positive tests for acetate and for sodium Purity Water content Not more than 2 % (Karl Fischer method) Formic acid, formates and other oxidisable substances Not more than 1000 mg/kg expressed as formic acid Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 263 CALCIUM ACETATE A.B.

Definition Chemical name Calcium acetate Einecs 200-540-9 Chemical formula Anhydrous: C4H6O4Ca Monohydrate: C4H6O4Ca· H2O Molecular weight Anhydrous: 158,17 Monohydrate: 176,18 Assay Content not less than 98 % on the anhydrous basis Description Anhydrous calcium acetate is a white, hygroscopic, bulky, crystalline solid with a slightly bitter taste. A slight odour of acetic acid may be present. The monohydrate may be needles, granules or powder Identification pH of a 10 % aqueous solution Not less than 6,0 and not more than 9,0 Positive tests for acetate and for calcium Purity Loss on drying Not more than 11 % after drying (155 oC to constant weight, for the monohydrate) Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,3 % Formic acid, formates and other oxidisable substances Not more than 1000 mg/kg expressed as formic acid Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 270 LACTIC ACID A.

Definition Chemical name Lactic acid 2-Hydroxypropionic acid 1-Hydroxyethane-1-carboxylic acid Einecs 200-018-0 Chemical formula C3H6O3 Molecular weight 90,08 Assay Content not less than 76 % and not more than 84 % Description Colourless or yellowish, nearly odourless, syrupy liquid with an acid taste, consisting of a mixture of lactic acid (C3H6O3) and lactic acid lactate (C6H10O5). It is obtained by the lactic fermentation of sugars or is prepared synthetically Note: Lactic acid is hygroscopic and when concentrated by boiling, it condenses to form lactic acid lactate, which on dilution and heating hydrolyzes to lactic acid Identification Positive test for lactate Purity Sulphated ash Not more than 0,1 % Chloride Not more than 0,2 % Sulphate Not more than 0,25 % Iron Not more than 10 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg Note: This specification refers to a 80 % aqueous solution; for weaker aqueous solutions, calculate values corresponding to their lactic acid content

E 280 PROPIONIC ACID A.B.

Definition Chemical name Propionic acid Propanoic acid Einecs 201-176-3 Chemical formula C3H6O2 Molecular weight 74,08 Assay Content not less than 99,5 % Description Colourless or slightly yellowish, oily liquid with a slightly pungent odour Indentification Melting point - 22 oC Distillation range 138,5 oC to 142,5 oC Purity Non-volatile residue Not more than 0,01 % when dried at 140 oC to constant weight Aldehydes Not more than 0,1 % expressed as formaldehyde Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 281 SODIUM PROPIONATE A.B.

Definition Chemical name Sodium propionate Sodium propanoate Einecs 205-290-4 Chemical formula C3H5O2Na Molecular weight 96,06 Assay Content not less than 99 % after drying for two hours at 105 oC Description White crystalline hygroscopic powder, or a fine white powder Identification Positive tests for propionate and for sodium pH of a 10 % aqueous solution Not less than 7,5 and not more than 10,5 Purity Loss on drying Not more than 4 % determined by drying for two hours at 105 oC Water insolubles Not more than 0,1 % Iron Not more than 50 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 282 CALCIUM PROPIONATE A.B.

Definition Chemical name Calcium propionate Einecs 223-795-8 Chemical formula C6H10O4Ca Molecular weight 186,22 Assay Content not less than 99 %, after drying for two hours at 105 oC Description White crystalline powder Identification Positive tests for propionate and for calcium pH of a 10 % aqueous solution Between 6,0 and 9,0 Purity Loss on drying Not more than 4 %, determined by drying for two hours at 105 oC Water insolubles Not more than 0,3 % Iron Not more than 50 mg/kg Fluoride Not more than 10 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 283 POTASSIUM PROPIONATE A.

Definition Chemical name Potassium propionate Potassium propanoate Einecs 206-323-5 Chemical formula C3H5KO2 Molecular weight 112,17 Assay Content not less than 99 % after drying for two hours at 105 oC Description White crystalline powder Identification Positive tests for propionate and for potassium Purity Loss on drying Not more than 4 %, determined by drying for two hours at 105 oC Water-insoluble substances Not more than 0,3 % Iron Not more than 30 mg/kg Fluoride Not more than 10 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 284 BORIC ACID A.B.C.

Synonyms Boracic acid Orthoboric acid Borofax Definition Einecs 233-139-2 Chemical formula H3BO3 Molecular weight 61,84 Assay Content not less than 99,5 % Description Colourless, odourless, transparent crystals or white granules or powder; slightly unctuous to the touch; occurs in nature as the mineral sassolite Identification Melting point At approximately 171 oC Burns with a nice green flame pH of a 3,3 % aqueous solution Between 3,8 and 4,8 Purity Peroxides No colour develops with added KI-solution Arsenic Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 285 SODIUM TETRABORATE (BORAX) A.

Synonyms Sodium borate Definition Chemical name Sodium tetraborate Sodium biborate Sodium pyroborate Anhydrous tetraborate Einecs 215-540-4 Chemical formula Na2B4O7 Na2B4O7·10H2O Molecular weight 201,27 Description Powder or glass-like plates becoming opaque on exposure to air; slowly soluble in water Identification Melting range Between 171 oC and 175 oC with decomposition Purity Peroxides No colour develops with added KI-solution Arsenic Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 290 CARBON DIOXIDE A.

Synonyms Carbonic acid gas Dry ice (solid form) Carbonic anhydride Definition Chemical name Carbon dioxide Einecs 204-696-9 Chemical formula CO2 Molecular weight 44,01 Assay Content not less than 99 % v/v on the gaseous basis Description A colourless gas under normal environmental conditions with a slight pungent odour. Commercial carbon dioxide is shipped and handled as a liquid in pressurised cylinders or bulk storage systems, or in compressed solid blocks of dry ice. Solid (dry ice) forms usually contain added substances, such as propylene glycol or mineral oil, as binders Identification Precipitation (Precipitate formation) When a stream of the sample is passed through a solution of barium hydroxide, a white precipitate is produced which dissolves with effervescence in dilute acetic acid Purity Acidity 915 ml of gas bubbled through 50 ml of freshly boiled water must not render the latter more acid to methylorange than is 50 ml freshly boiled water to which has been added 1 ml of hydrochloric acid (0,01 N) Reducing substances, hydrogen phosphide and sulphide 915 ml of gas bubbled through 25 ml of ammoniacal silver nitrate reagent to which has been added 3 ml of ammonia must not cause clouding or blackening of this solution Carbon monoxide Not more than 10 μl/l Oil content Not more than 0,1 mg/l

E 296 MALIC ACID A.B.C.

Synonyms DL-Malic acid, pomalous acid Definition Chemical name DL-Malic acid, hydroxybutanedioic acid, hydroxysuccinic acid Einecs 230-022-8 Chemical formula C4H6O5 Molecular weight 134,09 Assay Content not less than 99,0 % Description White or nearly white crystalline powder or granules Identification Melting range between 127 oC and 132 oC Positive test for malate Solutions of this substance are optically inactive in all concentrations Purity Sulphated ash Not more than 0,1 % Fumaric acid Not more than 1,0 % Maleic acid Not more than 0,05 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 297 FUMARIC ACID A.B.C.

Definition Chemical name Trans-butenedioic acid, trans-1,2-ethylene-dicarboxylic acid Einecs 203-743-0 Chemical formula C4H4O4 Molecular weight 116,07 Assay Content not less than 99,0 % on the anhydrous basis Description White crystalline powder or granules Identification Melting range 286 oC-302 oC (closed capillary, rapid heating) Positive tests for double bonds and for 1,2-dicarboxylic acid pH of a 0,05 % solution at 25 oC 3,0-3,2 Purity Loss on drying Not more than 0,5 % (120 oC, 4h) Sulphated ash Not more than 0,1 % Maleic acid Not more than 0,1 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 300 ASCORBIC ACID A.B.

Definition Chemical name L-ascorbic acid Ascorbic acid 2,3-Didehydro-L-threo-hexono-1,4-lactone 3-Keto-L-gulofuranolactone Einecs 200-066-2 Chemical formula C6H8O6 Molecular weight 176,13 Assay Ascorbic acid, after drying in a vacuum desiccator over sulphuric acid for 24 hours, contains not less than 99 % of C6H8O6 Description White to pale yellow, odourless crystalline solid Identification Melting range Between 189 oC and 193 oC with decomposition Positive tests for ascorbic acid Purity Loss on drying Not more than 0,4 % after drying in a vacuum desiccator over sulphuric acid for 24 hours Sulphated ash Not more than 0,1 % Specific rotation [α]D20 between +20,5o and +21,5o (10 % w/v aqueous solution) pH of a 2 % aqueous solution Between 2,4 and 2,8 Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 301 SODIUM ASCORBATE A.

Definition Chemical name Sodium ascorbate Sodium L-ascorbate 2,3-Didehydro-L-threo-hexono-1,4-lactone sodium enolate 3-Keto-L-gulofurano-lactone sodium enolate Einecs 205-126-1 Chemical formula C6H7O6Na Molecular weight 198,11 Assay Sodium ascorbate, after drying in a vacuum desiccator over sulphuric acid for 24 hours, contains not less than 99 % of C6H7O6Na Description White or almost white, odourless crystalline solid which darkens on exposure to light Identification Positive tests for ascorbate and for sodium Purity Loss on drying Not more than 0,25 % after drying in a vacuum desiccator over sulphuric acid for 24 hours Specific rotation [α]D20 between + 103o and + 106o (10 % w/v aqueous solution) pH of 10 % aqueous solution Between 6,5 and 8,0 Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 302 CALCIUM ASCORBATE A.

Definition Chemical name Calcium ascorbate dihydrate Calcium salt of 2,3-didehydro-L-threo-hexono-1,4-lactone dihydrate Einecs 227-261-5 Chemical formula C12H14O12Ca· 2H2O Molecular weight 426,35 Assay Content not less than 98 % on a volatile matter-free basis Description White to slightly pale greyish-yellow odourless crystalline powder Identification Positive tests for ascorbate and for calcium Purity Fluoride Not more than 10 mg/kg (expressed as fluorine) Specific rotation [α]D20 between + 95o and + 97o (5 % w/v aqueous solution) pH of 10 % aqueous solution Between 6,0 and 7,5 Volatile matter Not more than 0,3 % determined by drying at room temperature for 24 hours in a desiccator containing sulphuric acid or phosphorus pentoxide Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 304 (i) ASCORBYL PALMITATE A.

Definition Chemical name Ascorbyl palmitate L-ascorbyl palmitate 2,3-didehydro-L-threo-hexono-1,4-lactone-6-palmitate 6-palmitoyl-3-keto-L-gulofuranolactone Einecs 205-305-4 Chemical formula C22H38O7 Molecular weight 414,55 Assay Content not less than 98 % on the dried basis Description White or yellowish-white solid with a citrus-like odour Identification Melting range Between 107 oC and 117 oC Purity Loss on drying Not more than 2,0 % after drying in a vacuum oven at 56 oC and 60 oC for one hour Sulphated ash Not more than 0,1 % Specific rotation [α]D20 between + 21o and + 24o (5 % w/v in methanol solution) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

(ii) ASCORBYL STEARATE A.

Definition Chemical name Ascorbyl stearate L-ascorbyl stearate 2,3-didehydro-L-threo-hexono-1,4-lactone-6-stearate 6-stearoyl-3-keto-L-gulofuranolactone Einecs 246-944-9 Chemical formula C24H42O7 Molecular weight 442,6 Assay Content not less than 98 % Description White or yellowish, white solid with a citrus-like odour Identification Melting point About 116 oC Purity Loss on drying Not more than 2,0 % after drying in a vacuum oven at 56 oC to 60 oC for one hour Sulphated ash Not more than 0,1 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 306 TOCOPHEROL-RICH EXTRACT A.B.

Definition Product obtained by the vacuum steam distillation of edible vegetable oil products, comprising concentrated tocopherols and tocotrienols Contains tocopherols such as d-α-, d-β-, d-γ- and d-ς-tocopherols Molecular weight 430,71 (d-α-tocopherol) Assay Content not less than 34 % of total tocopherols Description Brownish red to red, clear, viscous oil having a mild, characteristic odour and taste. May show a slight separation of wax-like constituents in microcrystalline form Identification By suitable gas liquid chromatographic method Solubility tests Insoluble in water. Soluble in ethanol. Miscible in ether Purity Sulphated ash Not more than 0,1 % Specific rotation [α]D20 not less than + 20o Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 307 ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL A.B.

Synonyms DL-α-Tocopherol Definition Chemical name DL-5,7,8-Trimethyltocol DL-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4′,8′,12′-trimethyltridecyl)-6-chromanol Einecs 233-466-0 Chemical formula C29H50O2 Molecular weight 430,71 Assay Content not less than 96 % Description Slightly yellow to amber, nearly odourless, clear, viscous oil which oxidises and darkens on exposure to air or light Identification Solubility tests Insoluble in water, freely soluble in ethanol, miscible in ether Spectro-photometry In absolute ethanol the maximum absorption is about 292 nm Purity Refractive index n D201,503-1,507 Specific absorption E 1%1cm in ethanol E 1%1cm(292 nm) 72-76 (0,01 g in 200 ml of absolute ethanol) Sulphated ash Not more than 0,1 % Specific rotation [α]D25 0o±0,05o (1 in 10 solution in chloroform) Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg

E 308 GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL A.

Synonyms dl-γ-Tocopherol Definition Chemical name 2,7,8-trimethyl-2-(4′,8′,12′-trimethyltridecyl)-6-chromanol Einecs 231-523-4 Chemical formula C28H48O2 Molecular weight 416,69 Assay Content not less than 97 % Description Clear, viscous, pale yellow oil which oxidises and darkens on exposure to air or light Identification Spectrometry Maximum absorptions in absolute ethanol at about 298 nm and 257 nm Purity Specific absorption E 1%1cm in ethanol E 1%1cm(298 nm) between 91 and 97 E 1%1cm(257 nm) between 5,0 and 8,0 Refractive index [n]D201,503-1,507 Sulphated ash Not more than 0,1 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 309 DELTA-TOCOPHEROL A.

Definition Chemical name 2,8-dimethyl-2-(4′,8′,12′-trimethyltridecyl)-6-chromanol Einecs 204-299-0 Chemical formula C27H46O2 Molecular weight 402,7 Assay Content not less than 97 % Description Clear, viscous, pale yellowish or orange oil which oxidises and darkens on exposure to air or light Identification Spectrometry Maximum absorptions in absolute ethanol at about 298 nm and 257 nm Purity Specific absorption E 1%1cm in ethanol E 1%1cm(298 nm) between 89 and 95 E 1%1cm(257 nm) between 3,0 and 6,0 Refractive index n 20D1,500-1,504 Sulphated ash Not more than 0,1 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 310 PROPYL GALLATE A.B.

Definition Chemical name Propyl gallate Propyl ester of gallic acid n-propyl ester of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid Einecs 204-498-2 Chemical formula C10H12O5 Molecular weight 212,20 Assay Content not less than 98 % on the anhydrous basis Description White to creamy-white, crystalline, odourless solid Identification Solubility tests Slightly soluble in water, freely soluble in ethanol, ether and propane-1,2-diol Melting range Between 146 oC and 150 oC after drying at 110 oC for four hours Purity Loss on drying Not more than 1,0 % (110 oC, four hours) Sulphated ash Not more than 0,1 % Free acid Not more than 0,5 % (as gallic acid) Chlorinated organic compound Not more than 100 mg/kg (as C1) Specific absorption E 1%1cm in ethanol E 1%1cm(275 nm) not less than 485 and not more than 520 Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 311 OCTYL GALLATE A.B.

Definition Chemical name Octyl gallate Octyl ester of gallic acid n-octyl ester of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid Einecs 213-853-0 Chemical formula C15H22O5 Molecular weight 282,34 Assay Content not less than 98 % after drying at 90 oC for six hours Description White to creamy-white odourless solid Identification Solubility tests Insoluble in water, freely soluble in ethanol, ether and propane-1,2-diol Melting range Between 99 oC and 102 oC after drying at 90 oC for six hours Purity Loss on drying Not more than 0,5 % (90 oC, six hours) Sulphated ash Not more than 0,05 % Free acid Not more than 0,5 % (as gallic acid) Chlorinated organic compound Not more than 100 mg/kg (as C1) Specific absorption E 1%1cm in ethanol E 1%1cm(275 nm) not less than 375 and not more than 390 Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 312 DODECYL GALLATE A.B.

Synonyms Lauryl gallate Definition Chemical name Dodecyl gallate n-dodecyl (or lauryl) ester of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid Dodecyl ester of gallic acid Einecs 214-620-6 Chemical formula C19H30O5 Molecular weight 338,45 Assay Content not less than 98 % after drying at 90 oC for six hours Description White or creamy-white odourless solid Identification Solubility tests Insoluble in water, freely soluble in ethanol and ether Melting range Between 95 oC and 98 oC after drying at 90 oC for six hours Purity Loss on drying Not more than 0,5 % (90 oC, six hours) Sulphated ash Not more than 0,05 % Free acid Not more than 0,5 % (as gallic acid) Chlorinated organic compound Not more than 100 mg/kg (as Cl) Specific absorption E 1%1cm in ethanol E 1%1cm(275 nm) not less than 300 and not more than 325 Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 10 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 30 mg/kg

E 315 ERYTHORBIC ACID A.B.

Synonyms Isoascorbic acid D-Araboascorbic acid Definition Chemical name D-Erythro-hex-2-enoic acid γ-lactone Isoascorbic acid D-Isoascorbic acid Einecs 201-928-0 Chemical formula C6H8O6 Molecular weight 176,13 Assay Content not less than 98 % on the anhydrous basis Description White to slightly yellow crystalline solid which darkens gradually on exposure to light Identification Melting range About 164 oC to 172 oC with decomposition Positive test for ascorbic acid/colour reaction Purity Loss on drying Not more than 0,4 % after drying under reduced pressure on silica gel for 3 hours Sulphated ash Not more than 0,3 % Specific rotation [α]10 % (w/v) aqueous solution between -16,5o to -18,0o Oxalate To a solution of 1 g in 10 ml of water add 2 drops of glacial acetic acid and 5 ml of 10 % calcium acetate solution. The solution should remain clear Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg

E 316 SODIUM ERYTHORBATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Sodium isoascorbate Definition Chemical name Sodium isoascorbate Sodium D-isoascorbic acid Sodium salt of 2,3-didehydro-D-erythro-hexono-1,4-lactone 3-keto-D-gulofurano-lactone sodium enolate monohydrate Einecs 228-973-9 Chemical formula C6H7O6Na· H2O Molecular weight 216,13 Assay Content not less than 98 % after drying in a vacuum desiccator over sulphuric acid for 24 hours expressed on the monohydrate basis Description White crystalline solid Identification Solubility tests Freely soluble in water, very slightly soluble in ethanol Positive test for ascorbic acid/colour reaction Positive test for sodium Purity Loss on drying Not more than 0,25 % after drying in a vacuum desiccator over sulphuric acid for 24 hours Specific rotation [α]10 % (w/v) aqueous solution between + 95o and + 98o pH of a 10 % aqueous solution 5,5 to 8,0 Oxalate To a solution of 1 g in 10 ml of water add 2 drops of glacial acetic acid and 5 ml of 10 % calcium acetate solution. The solution should remain clear Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 319 TERTIARY-BUTYLHYDROQUINONE (TBHQ) A.B.C.

Synonyms TBHQ Definition Chemical names Tert-butyl-1,4-benzenediol 2-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-1,4-benzenediol Einecs 217-752-2 Chemical formula C10H14O2 Molecular weight 166,22 Assay Content not less than 99 % of C10H14O2 Description White crystalline solid having a characteristic odour Identification Solubility Practically insoluble in water; soluble in ethanol Melting point Not less than 126,5 oC Phenolics Dissolve about 5 mg of the sample in 10 ml of methanol and add 10,5 ml of dimethylamine solution (1 in 4). A red to pink colour is produced Purity Tertiary-Butyl-p-benzoquinone Not more than 0,2 % 2,5-Di-tertiary-butyl hydroquinone Not more than 0,2 % Hydroxyquinone Not more than 0,1 % Toluene Not more than 25 mg/kg Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg

E 320 BUTYLATED HYDROXYANISOLE (BHA) A.B.C.

Synonyms BHA Definition Chemical names 3-Tertiary-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole A mixture of 2-tertiary-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 3-tertiary-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole Einecs 246-563-8 Chemical formula C11H16O2 Formula weight 180,25 Assay Content not less than 98,5 % of C11H16O2 and not less than 85 % of 3-tertiary-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole isomer Description White or slightly yellow crystals or waxy solid with a slight aromatic smell Identification Solubility Insoluble in water, freely soluble in ethanol Melting range Between 48 °C and 63 °C Colour reaction Passes test for phenol groups Purity Sulphated ash Not more than 0,05 % after calcination at 800 ± 25 °C Phenolic impurities Not more than 0,5 % Specific absorptionE 1%1cm E 1%1cm (290 nm) not less than 190 and not more than 210 Specific absorptionE 1%1cm E 1%1cm (228 nm) not less than 326 and not more than 345 Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 321 BUTYLATED HYDROXYTOLUENE (BHT) A.B.C.

Synonyms BHT Definition Chemical name 2,6-Ditertiary-butyl-p-cresol 4-Methyl-2,6-ditertiarybutylphenol Einecs 204-881-4 Chemical formula C15H24O Molecular weight 220,36 Assay Content not less than 99 % Description White, crystalline or flaked solid, odourless or having a characteristic faint aromatic odour Identification Solubility tests Insoluble in water and propane- 1,2-diol Freely soluble in ethanol Melting point At 70 oC Absorbance maximum The absorption in the range 230 to 320 nm of a 2 cm layer of a 1 in 100000 solution in dehydrated ethanol exhibits a maximum only at 278 nm Purity Sulphated ash Not more than 0,005 % Phenolic impurities Not more than 0,5 % Specific absorption E1%1cm in ethanol E 1%1cm (278 nm) not less than 81 and not more than 88 Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 322 LECITHINS A.B.

Synonyms Phosphatides Phospholipids Definition Lecithins are mixtures or fractions of phosphatides obtained by physical procedures from animal or vegetable foodstuffs; they also include hydrolysed products obtained through the use of harmless and appropriate enzymes. The final product must not show any signs of residual enzyme activity The lecithins may be slightly bleached in aqueous medium by means of hydrogen peroxide. This oxidation must not chemically modify the lecithin phosphatides Einecs 232-307-2 Assay Description Identification Positive tests for choline, for phosphorus and fatty acids Test for hydrolysed lecithin To a 800 ml beaker add 500 ml of water (30 oC-35 oC). Then slowly add 50 ml of the sample with constant stirring. Hydrolysed lecithin will form a homogeneous emulsion. Non-hydrolysed lecithin will form a distinct mass of about 50 g Purity Loss on drying Not more than 2,0 % determined by drying at 105 oC for one hour Toluene-insoluble matter Not more than 0,3 % Acid value Peroxide value Equal to or less than 10 Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

Lecithins: not less than 60,0 % of substances insoluble in acetone

Hydrolysed lecithins: not less than 56,0 % of substances insoluble in acetone

Lecithins: brown liquid or viscous semi-liquid or powder

Hydrolysed lecithins: light brown to brown viscous liquid or paste

Lecithins: not more than 35 mg of potassium hydroxide per gram

Hydrolysed lecithins: not more than 45 mg of potassium hydroxide per gram

E 325 SODIUM LACTATE A.B.

Definition Chemical name Sodium lactate Sodium 2-hydroxypropanoate Einecs 200-772-0 Chemical formula C3H5NaO3 Molecular weight 112,06 (anhydrous) Assay Content not less than 57 % and not more than 66 % Description Colourless, transparent, liquid. Odourless, or with a slight, characteristic odour Identification Positive test for lactate Positive test for sodium Purity Acidity Not more than 0,5 % after drying expressed as lactic acid pH of a 20 % aqueous solution 6,5 to 7,5 Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg Reducing substances No reduction of Fehling's solution Note: This specification refers to a 60 % aqueous solution

E 326 POTASSIUM LACTATE A.B.C.

Definition Cheminal name Potassium lactate Potassium 2-hydroxypropanoate Einecs 213-631-3 Chemical formula C3H5O3K Molecular weight 128,17 (anhydrous) Assay Content not less than 57 % and not more than 66 % Description Slightly viscous, almost odourless clear liquid. Odourless, or with a slight, characteristic odour Identification Ignition Ignite potassium lactate solution to an ash. The ash is alkaline, and an effervescence occurs when acid is added Colour reaction Overlay 2 ml of potassium lactate solution on 5 ml of a 1 in 100 solution of catechol in sulphuric acid. A deep red colour is produced at the zone of contact Positive tests for potassium and for lactate Purity Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg Acidity Dissolve 1 g of potassium lactate solution in 20 ml of water, add 3 drops of phenolphthalein TS and titrate with 0,1 N sodium hydroxide. Not more than 0,2 ml should be required Reducing substances Potassium lactate solution shall not cause any reduction of Fehling's solution Note: This specification refers to a 60 % aqueous solution

E 327 CALCIUM LACTATE A.B.

Definition Chemical name Calcium dilactate Calcium dilactate hydrate 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid calcium salt Einecs 212-406-7 Chemical formula (C3H5O2)2 Ca· nH2O (n = 0-5) Molecular weight 218,22 (anhydrous) Assay Content not less than 98 % on the anhydrous basis Description Almost odourless, white crystalline powder or granules Identification Positive tests for lactate and for calcium Solubility tests Soluble in water and practically insoluble in ethanol Purity Loss on drying Determined by drying at 120 oC for four hours: Acidity Not more than 0,5 % of the dry matter expressed as lactic acid Fluoride Not more than 30 mg/kg (expressed as fluorine) pH of a 5 % solution Between 6,0 and 8,0 Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg Reducing substances No reduction of Fehling's solution

anhydrous: not more than 3,0 %

with 1 molecule of water: not more than 8,0 %

with 3 molecules of water: not more than 20,0 %

with 4,5 molecules of water: not more than 27,0 %

E 330 CITRIC ACID A.

Definition Chemical name Citric acid 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid β-Hydroxytricarballytic acid Einecs 201-069-1 Chemical formula Molecular weight Assay Citric acid may be anhydrous or it may contain 1 molecule of water. Citric acid contains not less than 99,5 % of C6H8O7, calculated on the anhydrous basis Description Citric acid is a white or colourless, odourless, crystalline solid, having a strongly acid taste. The monohydrate effloresces in dry air Identification Solubility tests Very soluble in water; freely soluble in ethanol; soluble in ether Purity Water content Anhydrous citric acid contains not more than 0,5 % water; citric acid monohydrate contains not more than 8,8 % water (Karl Fischer method) Sulphated ash Not more than 0,05 % after calcination at 800 ± 25 oC Arsenic Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 5 mg/kg Oxalates Not more than 100 mg/kg, expressed as oxalic acid, after drying Readily carbonisable substances Heat 1 g of powdered sample with 10 ml of 98 % minimum sulphuric acid in a water bath at 90 oC in the dark for one hour. Not more than a pale brown colour should be produced (Matching Fluid K)

CITRIC ACID

(a) C6H8O7 (anhydrous)

(b) C6H8O7·H2O (monohydrate)

(a) 192,13 (anhydrous)

(b) 210,15 (monohydrate)

E 331 (i) MONOSODIUM CITRATE A.

Synonyms Monosodium citrate Monobasic sodium citrate Definition Chemical name Monosodium citrate Monosodium salt of 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid Chemical formula Molecular weight Assay Content not less than 99 % on the anhydrous basis Description Crystalline white powder or colourless crystals Identification Positive tests for citrate and for sodium Purity Loss on drying Determined by drying at 180 oC for four hours: Oxalates Not more than 100 mg/kg expressed as oxalic acid, after drying pH of a 1 % aqueous solution Between 3,5 and 3,8 Arsenic Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 5 mg/kg

(i) MONOSODIUM CITRATE

(a) C6H7O7Na (anhydrous)

(b) C6H7O7Na· H2O (monohydrate)

(a) 214,11 (anhydrous)

(b) 232,23 (monohydrate)

anhydrous: not more than 1,0 %

monohydrate: not more than 8,8 %

(ii) DISODIUM CITRATE A.

Synonyms Disodium citrate Dibasic sodium citrate Definition Chemical name Disodium citrate Disodium salt of 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid Disodium salt of citric acid with 1,5 molecules of water Einecs 205-623-3 Chemical formula C6H6O7Na2·1,5H2O Molecular weight 263,11 Assay Content not less than 99 % on the anhydrous basis Description Crystalline white powder or colourless crystals Identification Positive tests for citrate and for sodium Purity Loss on drying Not more than 13,0 % by drying at 180 oC for four hours Oxalates Not more than 100 mg/kg expressed as oxalic acid, after drying pH of a 1 % aqueous solution Between 4,9 and 5,2 Arsenic Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 5 mg/kg

(iii) TRISODIUM CITRATE A.

Synonyms Trisodium citrate Tribasic sodium citrate Definition Chemical name Trisodium citrate Trisodium salt of 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid Trisodium salt of citric acid, in anhydrous, dihydrate or pentahydrate form Einecs 200-675-3 Chemical formula Anhydrous: C6H5O7Na3 Hydrated: C6H5O7Na3·nH2O (n = 2 or 5) Molecular weight 258,07 (anhydrous) Assay Not less than 99 % on the anhydrous basis Description Crystalline white powder or colourless crystals Identification Positive tests for citrate and for sodium Purity Loss on drying Determined by drying at 180 oC for four hours: not more than 1,0 % not more than 13,5 % not more than 30,3 % Oxalates Not more than 100 mg/kg expressed as oxalic acid, after drying pH of a 5 % aqueous solution Between 7,5 and 9,0 Arsenic Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 5 mg/kg

anhydrous:

dihydrate:

pentahydrate:

E 332 (i) MONOPOTASSIUM CITRATE A.

Synonyms Monopotassium citrate Monobasic potassium citrate Definition Chemical name Monopotassium citrate Monopotassium salt of 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid Anhydrous monopotassium salt of citric acid Einecs 212-753-4 Chemical formula C6H7O7K Molecular weight 230,21 Assay Content not less than 99 % on the anhydrous basis Description White, hygroscopic, granular powder or transparent crystals Identification Positive tests for citrate and for potassium Purity Loss on drying Not more than 1,0 % determined by drying at 180 oC for four hours Oxalates Not more than 100 mg/kg expressed as oxalic acid, after drying pH of a 1 % aqueous solution Between 3,5 and 3,8 Arsenic Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 5 mg/kg

(ii) TRIPOTASSIUM CITRATE A.

Synonyms Tripotassium citrate Tribasic potassium citrate Definition Chemical name Tripotassium citrate Tripotassium salt of 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid Monohydrated tripotassium salt of citric acid Einecs 212-755-5 Chemical formula C6H5O7K3·H2O Molecular weight 324,42 Assay Content not less than 99 % on the anhydrous basis Description White, hygroscopic, granular powder or transparent crystals Identification Positive tests for citrate and for potassium Purity Loss on drying Not more than 6,0 % determined by drying at 180 oC for four hours Oxalates Not more than 100 mg/kg expressed as oxalic acid, after drying pH of a 5 % aqueous solution Between 7,5 and 9,0 Arsenic Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 5 mg/kg

E 333 (i) MONOCALCIUM CITRATE A.

Synonyms Monocalcium citrate Monobasic calcium citrate Definition Chemical name Monocalcium citrate Monocalcium salt of 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid Monohydrate monocalcium salt of citric acid Chemical formula (C6H7O7)2Ca· H2O Molecular weight 440,32 Assay Content not less than 97,5 % on the anhydrous basis Description Fine white powder Identification Positive tests for citrate and for calcium Purity Loss on drying Not more than 7,0 % determined by drying at 180 oC for four hours Oxalates Not more than 100 mg/kg expressed as oxalic acid, after drying pH of a 1 % aqueous solution Between 3,2 and 3,5 Fluoride Not more than 30 mg/kg (expressed as fluorine) Arsenic Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 5 mg/kg Carbonates Dissolving 1 g of calcium citrate in 10 ml 2 N hydrochloric acid must not liberate more than a few isolated bubbles

(ii) DICALCIUM CITRATE A.

Synonyms Dicalcium citrate Dibasic calcium citrate Definition Chemical name Dicalcium citrate Dicalcium salt of 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid Trihydrated dicalcium salt of citric acid Chemical formula (C6H7O7)2Ca2·3H2O Molecular weight 530,42 Assay Not less than 97,5 % on the anhydrous basis Description Fine white powder Identification Positive tests for citrate and for calcium Purity Loss on drying Not more than 20,0 % determined by drying at 180 oC for four hours Oxalates Not more than 100 mg/kg expressed as oxalic acid, after drying Fluoride Not more than 30 mg/kg (expressed as fluorine) Arsenic Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 5 mg/kg Carbonates Dissolving 1 g of calcium citrate in 10 ml 2 N hydrochloric acid must not liberate more than a few isolated bubbles

(iii) TRICALCIUM CITRATE A.

Synonyms Tricalcium citrate Tribasic calcium citrate Definition Chemical name Tricalcium citrate Tricalcium salt of 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid Tetrahydrated tricalcium salt of citric acid Einecs 212-391-7 Chemical formula (C6H6O7)2Ca3·4H2O Molecular weight 570,51 Assay Not less than 97,5 % on the anhydrous basis Description Fine white powder Identification Positive tests for citrate and for calcium Purity Loss on drying Not more than 14,0 % determined by drying at 180 oC for four hours Oxalates Not more than 100 mg/kg expressed as oxalic acid, after drying Fluoride Not more than 30 mg/kg (expressed as fluorine) Arsenic Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 5 mg/kg Carbonates Dissolving 1 g of calcium citrate in 10 ml 2 N hydrochloric acid must not liberate more than a few isolated bubbles

E 334 L(+)-TARTARIC ACID A.B.

Definition Chemical name L-tartaric acid L-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid d-α, β-dihydroxysuccinic acid Einecs 201-766-0 Chemical formula C4H6O6 Molecular weight 150,09 Assay Content not less than 99,5 % on the anhydrous basis Description Colourless or translucent crystalline solid or white crystalline powder Identification Melting range Between 168 oC and 170 oC Positive test for tartrate Purity Loss on drying Not more than 0,5 % (over P2O5, three hours) Sulphated ash Not more than 1000 mg/kg after calcination at 800 ± 25 oC Specific optical rotation of a 20 % w/v aqueous solution [α] 20D between +11,5o and +13,5o Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg Oxalates Not more than 100 mg/kg expressed as oxalic acid, after drying

E 335 (i) MONOSODIUM TARTRATE A.

Synonyms Monosodium salt of L-(+)-tartaric acid Definition Chemical name Monosodium salt of L-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid Monohydrated monosodium salt of L-(+)-tartaric acid Chemical formula C4H5O6Na· H2O Molecular weight 194,05 Assay Content not less than 99 % on the anhydrous basis Description Transparent colourless crystals Identification Positive tests for tartrate and for sodium Purity Loss on drying Not more than 10,0 % determined by drying at 105 oC for four hours Oxalates Not more than 100 mg/kg expressed as oxalic acid, after drying Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

(ii) DISODIUM TARTRATE A.B.

Definition Chemical name Disodium L-tartrate Disodium (+)-tartrate Disodium (+)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid Dihydrated disodium salt of L-(+)-tartaric acid Einecs 212-773-3 Chemical formula C4H4O6Na2·2H2O Molecular weight 230,8 Assay Content not less than 99 % on the anhydrous basis Description Transparent, colourless crystals Identification Positive tests for tartrate and for sodium Solubility tests 1 gram is insoluble in 3 ml of water. Insoluble in ethanol Purity Loss on drying Not more than 17,0 % determined by drying at 150 oC for four hours Oxalates Not more than 100 mg/kg expressed as oxalic acid, after drying pH of a 1 % aqueous solution Between 7,0 and 7,5 Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 336 (i) MONOPOTASSIUM TARTRATE A.B.

Synonyms Monobasic potassium tartrate Definition Chemical name Anhydrous monopotassium salt of L-(+)-tartaric acid Monopotassium salt of L-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical formula C4H5O6K Molecular weight 188,16 Assay Content not less than 98 % on the anhydrous basis Description White crystalline or granulated powder Identification Positive tests for tartrate and for potassium Melting point 230 oC Purity pH of a 1 % aqueous solution 3,4 Loss on drying Not more than 1,0 % determined by drying at 105 oC for four hours Oxalates Not more than 100 mg/kg expressed as oxalic acid, after drying Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

(ii) DIPOTASSIUM TARTRATE A.

Synonyms Dibasic potassium tartrate Definition Chemical name Dipotassium salt of L-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid Dipotassium salt with half a molecule of water of L-(+)-tartaric acid Einecs 213-067-8 Chemical formula C4H4O6K2·1/2H2O Molecular weight 235,2 Assay Content not less than 99 % on the anhydrous basis Description White crystalline or granulated powder Identification Positive tests for tartrate and for potassium Purity pH of a 1 % aqueous solution Between 7,0 and 9,0 Loss on drying Not more than 4,0 % determined by drying at 150 oC for four hours Oxalates Not more than 100 mg/kg expressed as oxalic acid, after drying Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 337 POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Potassium sodium L-(+)-tartrate Rochelle salt Seignette salt Definition Chemical name Potassium sodium salt of L-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid Potassium sodium L-(+)-tartrate Einecs 206-156-8 Chemical formula C4H4O6KNa· 4H2O Molecular weight 282,23 Assay Content not less than 99 % on the anhydrous basis Description Colourless crystals or white crystalline powder Identification Positive tests for tartrate, for potassium and for sodium Solubility tests 1 gram is soluble in 1 ml of water, insoluble in ethanol Melting range Between 70 and 80 oC Purity Loss on drying Not more than 26,0 % and not less than 21,0 % determined by drying at 150 oC for three hours Oxalates Not more than 100 mg/kg expressed as oxalic acid, after drying pH of 1 % aqueous solution Between 6,5 and 8,5 Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 338 PHOSPHORIC ACID A.

Synonyms Orthophosphoric acid Monophosphoric acid Definition Chemical name Phosphoric acid Einecs 231-633-2 Chemical formula H3PO4 Molecular weight 98,00 Assay Phosphoric acid is commercially available as an aqueous solution at variable concentrations. Content not less than 67,0 % and not more than 85,7 %. Description Clear, colourless, viscous liquid Identification Positive tests for acid and for phosphate Purity Volatile acids Not more than 10 mg/kg (as acetic acid) Chlorides Not more than 200 mg/kg (expressed as chlorine) Nitrates Not more than 5 mg/kg (as NaNO3) Sulphates Not more than 1500 mg/kg (as CaSO4) Fluoride Not more than 10 mg/kg (expressed as fluorine) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 4 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Note: This specification refers to a 75 % aqueous solution

E 339 (i) MONOSODIUM PHOSPHATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Monosodium monophosphate Acid monosodium monophosphate Monosodium orthophosphate Monobasic sodium phosphate Sodium dihydrogen monophosphate Definition Chemical name Sodium dihydrogen monophosphate Einecs 231-449-2 Chemical formula Anhydrous: NaH2PO4 Monohydrate: NaH2PO4 · H2O Dihydrate: NaH2PO4 · 2H2O Molecular weight Anhydrous: 119,98 Monohydrate: 138,00 Dihydrate: 156,01 Assay After drying at 60 oC for one hour and then at 105 oC for four hours, contains not less than 97 % of NaH2PO4 P2O5 content Between 58,0 % and 60,0 % on the anhydrous basis Description A white odourless, slightly deliquescent powder, crystals or granules Identification Positive tests for sodium and for phosphate Solubility Freely soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol or ether pH of a 1 % solution Between 4,1 and 5,0 Purity Loss on drying The anhydrous salt loses not more than 2,0 %, the monohydrate not more than 15,0 %, and the dihydrate not more than 25 % when dried first at 60 oC for one hour, then at 105 oC for four hours Water-insoluble substances Not more than 0,2 % on the anhydrous basis Fluoride Not more than 10 mg/kg (expressed as fluorine) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 4 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

(ii) DISODIUM PHOSPHATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Disodium monophosphate Secondary sodium phosphate Disodium orthophosphate Acid disodium phosphate Definition Chemical name Disodium hydrogen monophosphate Disodium hydrogen orthophosphate Einecs 231-448-7 Chemical formula Anhydrous: Na2HPO4 Hydrat: Na2HPO4 · nH2O (n = 2,7 or 12) Molecular weight 141,98 (anhydrous) Assay After drying at 40 oC for three hours and subsequently at 105 oC for five hours, contains not less than 98 % of Na2HPO4 P2O5 content Between 49 % and 51 % on the anhydrous basis Description Anhydrous disodium hydrogen phosphate is a white, hygroscopic, odourless powder. Hydrated forms available include the dihydrate: a white crystalline, odourless solid; the heptahydrate: white, odourless, efflorescent crystals or granular powder; and the dodecahydrate: white, efflorescent, odourless powder or crystals Identification Positive tests for sodium and for phosphate Solubility Freely soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol pH of a 1 % solution Between 8,4 and 9,6 Purity Loss on drying When dried at 40 oC for three hours and then at 105 oC for five hours, the losses in weight are as follows: anhydrous not more than 5,0 %, dihydrate not more than 22,0 %, heptahydrate not more than 50,0 %, dodecahydrate not more than 61,0 % Water-insoluble substances Not more than 0,2 % on the anhydrous basis Fluoride Not more than 10 mg/kg (expressed as fluorine) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 4 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

(iii) TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Sodium phosphate Tribasic sodium phosphate Trisodium orthophosphate Definition Trisodium phosphate is obtained from aqueous solutions and crystallises in the anhydrous form and with 1/2, 1, 6, 8 or 12 H2O. The dodecahydrate always crystallises from aqueous solutions with an excess of sodium hydroxide. It contains 1/4 molecule of NaOH Chemical name Trisodium monophosphate Trisodium phosphate Trisodium orthophosphate Einecs 231-509-8 Chemical formula Anhydrous: Na3PO4 Hydrated: Na3PO4 · nH2O (n = 1/2, 1, 6, 8, or 12) Molecular weight 163,94 (anhydrous) Assay Sodium phosphate anhydrous and the hydrated forms, with the exception of the dodecahydrate, contain not less than 97,0 % of Na3PO4 calculated on the dried basis. Sodium phosphate dodecahydrate contains not less than 92,0 % of Na3PO4 calculated on the ignited basis P2O5 content Between 40,5 % and 43,5 % on the anhydrous basis Description White odourless crystals, granules or crystalline powder Identification Positive tests for sodium and for phosphate Solubility Freely soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol pH of a 1 % solution Between 11,5 and 12,5 Purity Loss on ignition When dried at 120 oC for two hours and then ignited at about 800 oC for 30 minutes, the losses in weight are as follows: anhydrous not more than 2,0 %, monohydrate not more than 11,0 %, dodecahydrate: between 45,0 % and 58,0 % Water insoluble substances Not more than 0,2 % on the anhydrous basis Fluoride Not more than 10 mg/kg (expressed as fluorine) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 4 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 340 (i) MONOPOTASSIUM PHOSPHATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Monobasic potassium phosphate Monopotassium monophosphate Potassium orthophosphate Definition Chemical name Potassium dihydrogen phosphate Monopotassium dihydrogen orthophosphate Monopotassium dihydrogen monophosphate Einecs 231-913-4 Chemical formula KH2PO4 Molecular weight 136,09 Assay Content not less than 98,0 % after drying at 105 oC for four hours P2O5 content Between 51,0 % and 53,0 % on the anhydrous basis Description Odourless, colourless crystals or white granular or crystalline powder, hygroscopic Identification Positive tests for potassium and for phosphate Solubility Freely soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol pH of a 1 % solution Between 4,2 and 4,8 Purity Loss on drying Not more than 2,0 % determined by drying at 105 oC for four hours Water-insoluble substances Not more than 0,2 % on the anhydrous basis Fluoride Not more than 10 mg/kg (expressed as fluorine) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 4 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

(ii) DIPOTASSIUM PHOSPHATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Dipotassium monophosphate Secondary potassium phosphate Dipotassium acid phosphate Dipotassium orthophosphate Dibasic potassium phosphate Definition Chemical name Dipotassium hydrogen monophosphate Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate Einecs 231-834-5 Chemical formula K2HPO4 Molecular weight 174,18 Assay Content not less than 98 % after drying at 105 oC for four hours P2O5 content Between 40,3 % and 41,5 % on the anhydrous basis Description Colourless or white granular powder, crystals or masses; deliquescent substance Identification Positive tests for potassium and for phosphate Solubility Freely soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol pH of a 1 % solution Between 8,7 and 9,4 Purity Loss on drying Not more than 2,0 % determined by drying at 105 oC for four hours Water-insoluble substances Not more than 0,2 % on the anhydrous basis Fluoride Not more than 10 mg/kg (expressed as fluorine) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 4 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

(iii) TRIPOTASSIUM PHOSPHATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Potassium phosphate Tribasic potassium phosphate Tripotassium orthophosphate Definition Chemical name Tripotassium monophosphate Tripotassium phosphate Tripotassium orthophosphate Einecs 231-907-1 Chemical formula Anhydrous: K3PO4 Hydrated: K3PO4 · nH2O (n = 1 or 3) Molecular weight 212,27 (anhydrous) Assay Content not less than 97 % calculated on the ignited basis P2O5 content Between 30,5 % and 33,0 % on the ignited basis Description Colourless or white, odourless hygroscopic crystals or granules. Hydrated forms available include the monohydrate and trihydrate Identification Positive tests for potassium and for phosphate Solubility Freely soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol pH of a 1 % solution Between 11,5 and 12,3 Purity Loss on ignition Anhydrous: not more than 3,0 %; hydrated: not more than 23,0 %. Determined by drying at 105 oC for one hour and then ignite at about 800 oC ± 25 oC for 30 minutes Water insoluble substances Not more than 0,2 % on the anhydrous basis Fluoride Not more than 10 mg/kg (expressed as fluorine) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 4 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 341 (i) MONOCALCIUM PHOSPHATE A.B.

Synonyms Monobasic calcium phosphate Monocalcium orthophosphate Definition Chemical name Calcium dihydrogen phosphate Einecs 231-837-1 Chemical formula Anhydrous: Ca(H2PO4)2 Monohydrate: Ca(H2PO4)2 · H2O Molecular weight 234,05 (anhydrous) 252,08 (monohydrate) Assay Content not less than 95 % on the dried basis P2O5 content Between 55,5 % and 61,1 % on the anhydrous basis Description Granular powder or white, deliquescent crystals or granules Identification Positive tests for calcium and for phosphate CaO content Between 23,0 % and 27,5 % (anhydrous) Between 19,0 % and 24,8 % (monohydrate) Purity Loss on drying Not more than 14 % determined by drying at 105 oC for four hours (anhydrous) Not more than 17,5 % determined by drying at 60 oC for one hour, then at 105 oC for four hours (monohydrate) Loss on ignition Not more than 17,5 % after ignition at 800 oC ± 25 oC for 30 minutes (anhydrous) Not more than 25,0 % determined by drying at 105 oC for one hour, then ignite at 800 oC ± 25 oC for 30 minutes (monohydrate) Fluoride Not more than 30 mg/kg (expressed as fluorine) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 4 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

(ii) DICALCIUM PHOSPHATE A.B.

Synonyms Dibasic calcium phosphate Dicalcium orthophosphate Definition Chemical name Calcium monohydrogen phosphate Calcium hydrogen orthophosphate Secondary calcium phosphate Einecs 231-826-1 Chemical formula Anhydrous: CaHPO4 Dihydrate: CaHPO4 · 2H2O Molecular weight 136,06 (anhydrous) 172,09 (dihydrate) Assay Dicalcium phosphate, after drying at 200 oC for three hours, contains not less than 98 % and not more than the equivalent of 102 % of CaHPO4 P2O5 content Between 50,0 % and 52,5 % on the anhydrous basis Description White crystals or granules, granular powder or powder Identification Positive tests for calcium and for phosphate Solubility tests Sparingly soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol Purity Loss on ignition Not more than 8,5 % (anhydrous), or 26,5 % (dihydrate) after ignition at 800 oC ± 25 oC for 30 minutes Fluoride Not more than 50 mg/kg (expressed as fluorine) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 4 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

(iii) TRICALCIUM PHOSPHATE A.B.

Synonyms Calcium phosphate, tribasic Calcium orthophosphate Pentacalcium hydroxy monophosphate Calcium hydroxyapatite Definition Tricalcium phosphate consists of a variable mixture of calcium phosphates obtained from neutralisation of phosphoric acid with calcium hydroxide and having the approximate composition of 10CaO · 3P2O5 · H2O Chemical name Pentacalcium hydroxy monophosphate Tricalcium monophosphate Einecs 235-330-6 (Pentacalcium hydroxy monophosphate) 231-840-8 (Calcium orthophosphate) Chemical formula Ca5(PO4)3· OH or Ca3(PO4)2 Molecular weight 502 or 310 Assay Content not less than 90 % calculated on the ignited basis P2O5 content Between 38,5 % and 48,0 % on the anhydrous basis Description A white, odourless powder which is stable in air Identification Positive tests for calcium and for phosphate Solubility Practically insoluble in water; insoluble in ethanol soluble in dilute hydrochloric and nitric acid Purity Loss on ignition Not more than 8 % after ignition at 800 oC ± 25 oC, to constant weight Fluoride Not more than 50 mg/kg (expressed as fluorine) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 4 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 343(i) MONOMAGNESIUM PHOSPHATE A.B.

Synonyms Magnesiumdihydrogenphosphate Magnesiumphosphate, monobasic Monomagnesium orthophosphate Definition Chemical name Monomagnesiumdihydrogenmonophosphate Einecs 236-004-6 Chemical formula Mg(H2PO4)2 · nH2O (where n = 0 to 4) Molecular weight 218,30 (anhydrous) Assay Not less than 51,0 % after ignition Description White, odourless, crystalline powder, slightly soluble in water Identification Positive test for magnesium and for phosphate MgO content Not less than 21,5 % after ignition Purity Fluoride Not more than 10 mg/kg (as fluorine) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 4 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 343(ii) DIMAGNESIUM PHOSPHATE A.B.

Synonyms Magnesiumhydrogenphosphate Magnesiumphosphate, dibasic Dimagnesium orthophosphate Secondary magnesiumphosphate Definition Chemical name Dimagnesiummonohydrogenmonophosphate Einecs 231-823-5 Chemical formula MgHPO4 · nH2O (where n = 0-3) Molecular weight 120,30 (anhydrous) Assay Not less than 96 % after ignition Description White, odourless, crystalline powder, slightly soluble in water Identification Positive test for magnesium and for phosphate MgO content: Not less than 33,0 % calculated on an anhydrous basis Purity Fluoride Not more than 10 mg/kg (as fluorine) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 4 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 350 (i) SODIUM MALATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Sodium salt of malic acid Definition Chemical name Disodium DL-malate, disodium salt of hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical formula Hemihydrate: C4H4Na2O5 · 1/2 H2O Trihydrate: C4H4Na2O5 · 3H2O Molecular weight Hemihydrate: 187,05 Trihydrate: 232,10 Assay Content not less than 98,0 % on the anhydrous basis Description White crystalline powder or lumps Identification Positive tests for 1,2-dicarboxylic acid and for sodium Azo dye formation Positive Solubility Freely soluble in water Purity Loss on drying Not more than 7,0 % (130 oC, 4h) for the hemihydrate, or 20,5 %-23,5 % (130 oC, 4h) for the trihydrate Alkalinity Not more than 0,2 % as Na2CO3 Fumaric acid Not more than 1,0 % Maleic acid Not more than 0,05 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

(ii) SODIUM HYDROGEN MALATE A.B.

Synonyms Monosodium salt of DL-malic acid Definition Chemical name Monosodium DL-malate, monosodium 2-DL-hydroxy succinate Chemical formula C4H5NaO5 Molecular weight 156,07 Assay Content not less than 99,0 % on the anhydrous basis Description White powder Identification Positive tests for 1,2-dicarboxylic acid and for sodium Azo dye formation Positive Purity Loss on drying Not more than 2,0 % (110 oC, 3h) Maleic acid Not more than 0,05 % Fumaric acid Not more than 1,0 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 351 POTASSIUM MALATE A.B.

Synonyms Potassium salt of malic acid Definition Chemical name Dipotassium DL-malate, dipotassium salt of hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical formula C4H4K2O5 Molecular weight 210,27 Assay Content not less than 59,5 % Description Colourless or almost colourless aqueous solution Identification Positive tests for 1,2-dicarboxylic acid and for potassium Azo dye formation Positive Purity Alkalinity Not more than 0,2 % as K2CO3 Fumaric acid Not more than 1,0 % Maleic acid Not more than 0,05 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 352 (i) CALCIUM MALATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Calcium salt of malic acid Definition Chemical name Calcium DL-malate, calcium-α-hydroxysuccinate, calcium salt of hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical formula C4H5CaO5 Molecular weight 172,14 Assay Content not less than 97,5 % on the anhydrous basis Description White powder Identification Positive tests for malate, 1,2-dicarboxylic acid and for calcium Azo dye formation Positive Solubility Slightly soluble in water Purity Loss on drying Not more than 2 % (100 oC, 3h) Alkalinity Not more than 0,2 % as CaCO3 Maleic acid Not more than 0,05 % Fumaric acid Not more than 1,0 % Fluoride Not more than 30 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

(ii) CALCIUM HYDROGEN MALATE A.B.

Synonyms Monocalcium salt of DL-malic acid Definition Chemical name Monocalcium DL-malate, monocalcium 2-DL-hydroxysuccinate Chemical formula (C4H5O5)2Ca Assay Content not less than 97,5 % on the anhydrous basis Description White powder Identification Positive tests for 1,2-dicarboxylic acid and for calcium Azo dye formation Positive Purity Loss on drying Not more than 2,0 % (110 oC, 3h) Maleic acid Not more than 0,05 % Fumaric acid Not more than 1,0 % Fluoride Not more than 30 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 353 METATARTARIC ACID

Synonyms Ditartaric acid Definition Chemical name Metatartaric acid Chemical formula C4H6O6 Assay Not less than 99,5 % Description Crystalline or powder form with a white or yellowish colour. Very deliquescent with a faint odour of caramel Identification A. Very soluble in water and ethanol B. Place a sample of 1 to 10 mg of this substance in a test tube with 2 ml of concentrated sulfuric acid and 2 drops of sulpho-resorcinol reagent. When heated to 150 oC, an intense violet coloration appears Purity Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 354 CALCIUM TARTRATE A.B.C.

Synonyms L-Calcium tartrate Definition Chemical name Calcium L(+)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate di-hydrate Chemical formula C4H4CaO6 · 2H2O Molecular weight 224,18 Assay Not less than 98,0 % Description Fine crystalline powder with a white or off-white colour Identification Slightly soluble in water. Solubility approximately 0,01 g/100 ml water (20 oC). Sparingly soluble in ethanol. Slightly soluble in diethyl ether. Soluble in acids Specific rotation [α]20D +7,0o to +7,4o (0,1 % in a 1N de HCl solution) pH of a 5 % slurry Between 6,0 and 9,0 Purity Sulphates (as H2SO4) Not more than 1 g/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 355 ADIPIC ACID A.B.

Definition Chemical name Hexanedioic acid, 1,4-butanedicarboxylic acid Einecs 204-673-3 Chemical formula C6H10O4 Molecular weight 146,14 Assay Content not less than 99,6 % Description White odourless crystals or crystalline powder Identification Melting range 151,5 oC-154,0 oC Solubility Slightly soluble in water. Freely soluble in ethanol Purity Water Not more than 0,2 % (Karl Fischer method) Sulphated ash Not more than 20 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 356 SODIUM ADIPATE A.B.C.

Definition Chemical name Sodium adipate Einecs 231-293-5 Chemical formula C6H8Na2O4 Molecular weight 190,11 Assay Content not less than 99,0 % (on anhydrous basis) Description White odourless crystals or crystalline powder Identification Melting range 151 oC-152 oC (for adipic acid) Solubility Approximately 50 g/100 ml water (20 oC) Positive test for sodium Purity Water Not more than 3 % (Karl Fischer) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 357 POTASSIUM ADIPATE A.B.C.

Definition Chemical name Potassium adipate Einecs 242-838-1 Chemical formula C6H8K2O4 Molecular weight 222,32 Assay Content not less than 99,0 % (on anhydrous basis) Description White odourless crystals or crystalline powder Identification Melting range 151 oC-152 oC (for adipic acid) Solubility Approximately 60 g/100 ml water (20 oC) Positive test for potassium Purity Water Not more than 3 % (Karl Fischer) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 363 SUCCINIC ACID A.

Definition Chemical name Butanedioic acid Einecs 203-740-4 Chemical formula C4H6O4 Molecular weight 118,09 Assay Content no less than 99,0 % Description Colourless or white, odourless crystals Identification Melting range Between 185,0 oC and 190,0 oC Purity Residue on ignition Not more than 0,025 % (800 oC, 15 min) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 380 TRIAMMONIUM CITRATE A.B.

Synonyms Tribasic ammonium citrate Definition Chemical name Triammonium salt of 2-hydroxypropan-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Einecs 222-394-5 Chemical formula C6H17N3O7 Molecular weight 243,22 Assay Content not less than 97,0 % Description White to off-white crystals or powder Identification Positive tests for ammonium and for citrate Solubility Freely soluble in water Purity Oxalate Not more than 0,04 % (as oxalic acid) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 385 CALCIUM DISODIUM ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Calcium disodium EDTA Calcium disodium edetate Definition Chemical name N, N′-1,2-Ethanediylbis [N-(carboxymethyl)-glycinate] [(4-)-O,O′,ON,ON]calciate(2)-disodium Calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetra acetate Calcium disodium (ethylenedinitrilo)tetra acetate Einecs 200-529-9 Chemical formula C10H12O8CaN2Na2·2H2O Molecular weight 410,31 Assay Content not less than 97 % on the anhydrous basis Description White, odourless crystalline granules or white to nearly white powder, slightly hygroscopic Identification Positive tests for sodium and for calcium Chelating activity to metal ions positive pH of a 1 % solution between 6,5 and 7,5 Purity Water content 5 to 13 % (Karl Fischer method) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 400 ALGINIC ACID A.B.C.D.

Definition Linear glycuronoglycan consisting mainly of β-(1-4) linked D-mannuronic and α-(1-4) linked L-guluronic acid units in pyranose ring form. Hydrophilic colloidal carbohydrate extracted by the use of dilute alkali from natural strains of various species of brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) Einecs 232-680-1 Chemical formula (C6H8O6)n Molecular weight 10000-600000 (typical average) Assay Alginic acid yields, on the anhydrous basis, not less than 20 % and not more than 23 % of carbon dioxide (CO2), equivalent to not less than 91 % and not more than 104,5 % of alginic acid (C6H8O6)n (calculted on equivalent weight basis of 200) Description Alginic acid occurs in filamentous, grainy, granular and powdered forms. It is a white to yellowish brown and nearly odourless Identification Solubility Insoluble in water and organic solvents, slowly soluble in solutions of sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and trisodium phosphate Calcium chloride precipitation test To a 0,5 % solution of the sample in 1 M sodium hydroxide solution, add one fifth of its volume of a 2,5 % solution of calcium chloride. A voluminous, gelatinous precipitate is formed. This test distinguishes alginic acid from acacia gum, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl starch, carrageenan, gelatin, gum ghatti, karaya gum, locust bean gum, methyl cellulose and tragacanth gum Ammonium sulphate precipitation test To a 0,5 % solution of the sample in 1 M sodium hydroxide solution, add one half of its volume of a saturated solution of ammonium sulphate. No precipitate is formed. This test distinguishes alginic acid from agar, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, carrageenan, de-esterified pectin, gelatin, locust bean gum, methyl cellulose and starch Colour reaction Dissolve as completely as possible 0,01 g of the sample by shaking with 0,15 ml of 0,1 N sodium hydroxide and add 1 ml of acid ferric sulphate solution. Within 5 minutes, a cherry-red colour develops that finally becomes deep purple Purity pH of a 3 % suspension Between 2,0 and 3,5 Loss on drying Not more than 15 % (105 oC, 4 hours) Sulphated ash Not more than 8 % on the anhydrous basis Sodium hydroxide (1 M solution) Not more than 2 % on the anhydrous basis insoluble matter Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 20 mg/kg Total plate count Not more than 5000 colonies per gram Yeast and moulds Not more than 500 colonies per gram E. coli Negative in 5 g Salmonella spp. Negative in 10 g

E 401 SODIUM ALGINATE A.

Definition Chemical name Sodium salt of alginic acid Chemical formula (C6H7NaO6)n Molecular weight 10000-600000 (typical average) Assay Yields, on the anhydrous basis, not less than 18 % and not more than 21 % of carbon dioxide corresponding to not less than 90,8 % and not more than 106,0 % of sodium alginate (calculated on equivalent weight basis of 222) Description Nearly odourless, white to yellowish fibrous or granular powder Identification Positive test for sodium and alginic acid Purity Loss on drying Not more than 15 % (105 oC, 4 hours) Water-insoluble matter Not more than 2 % on the anhydrous basis Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 20 mg/kg Total plate count Not more than 5000 colonies per gram Yeast and moulds Not more than 500 colonies per gram E. coli Negative in 5 g Salmonella spp. Negative in 10 g

E 402 POTASSIUM ALGINATE A.

Definition Chemical name Potassium salt of alginic acid Chemical formula (C6H7KO6)n Molecular weight 10000-600000 (typical average) Assay Yields, on the anhydrous basis, not less than 16,5 % and not more than 19,5 % of carbon dioxide corresponding to not less than 89,2 % and not more than 105,5 % of potassium alginate (calculated on an equivalent weight basis of 238) Description Nearly odourless, white to yellowish fibrous or granular powder Identification Positive test for potassium and for alginic acid Purity Loss on drying Not more than 15 % (105 oC, 4 hours) Water-insoluble matter Not more than 2 % on the anhydrous basis Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 20 mg/kg Total plate count Not more than 5000 colonies per gram Yeast and moulds Not more than 500 colonies per gram E. coli Negative in 5 g Salmonella spp. Negative in 10 g

E 403 AMMONIUM ALGINATE A.

Definition Chemical name Ammonium salt of alginic acid Chemical formula (C6H11NO6)n Molecular weight 10000 — 600000 (typical average) Assay Yields, on the anhydrous basis, not less than 18 % and not more than 21 % of carbon dioxide corresponding to not less than 88,7 % and not more than 103,6 % ammonium alginate (calculated on an equivalent weight basis of 217) Description White to yellowish fibrous or granular powder Identification Positive test for ammonium and alginic acid Purity Loss on drying Not more than 15 % (105 oC, 4 hours) Sulphated ash Not more than 7 % on the dried basis Water-insoluble matter Not more than 2 % on the anhydrous basis Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals Not more than 20 mg/kg Total plate count Not more than 5000 colonies per gram Yeast and moulds Not more than 500 colonies per gram E. coli Negative in 5 g Salmonella spp. Negative in 10 g

E 404 CALCIUM ALGINATE A.

Synonyms Calcium salt of alginate Definition Chemical name Calcium salt of alginic acid Chemical formula (C6H7Ca1/2O6)n Molecular weight 10000-600000 (typical average) Assay Yields, on the anhydrous basis, not less than 18 % and not more than 21 % carbon dioxide corresponding to not less than 89,6 % and not more than 104,5 % of calcium alginate (calculated on an equivalent weight basis of 219) Description Nearly odourless, white to yellowish fibrous or granular powder Identification Positive test for calcium and alginic acid Purity Loss on drying Not more than 15,0 % (105 oC, 4 hours) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 20 mg/kg Total plate count Not more than 5000 colonies per gram Yeast and moulds Not more than 500 colonies per gram E. coli Negative in 5 g Salmonella spp. Negative in 10 g

E 405 PROPANE-1,2-DIOL ALGINATE A.

Synonyms Hydroxypropyl alginate 1,2-propanediol ester of alginic acid Propylene glycol alginate Definition Chemical name Propane-1,2-diol ester of alginic acid; varies in composition according to its degree of esterification and the percentage of free and neutralised carboxyl groups in the molecule Chemical formula (C9H14O7)n (esterified) Molecular weight 10000-600000 (typical average) Assay Yields, on the anhydrous basis, not less than 16 % and not more than 20 % of CO2 of carbon dioxide Description Nearly odourless, white to yellowish brown fibrous or granular powder Identification Positive test for 1,2-propanediol and alginic acid after hydrolysis Purity Loss on drying Not more than 20 % (105 oC, 4 hours) Total propane-1,2-diol content Not less than 15 % and not more than 45 % Free propane-1,2-diol content Not more than 15 % Water-insoluble matter Not more than 2 % on the anhydrous basis Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 20 mg/kg Total plate count Not more than 5000 colonies per gram Yeast and moulds Not more than 500 colonies per gram E. coli Negative in 5 g Salmonella spp. Negative in 10 g

E 406 AGAR A.

Synonyms Gelose Japan agar Bengal, Ceylon, Chinese or Japanese isinglass Layor Carang Definition Chemical name Agar is a hydrophilic colloidal polysaccharide consisting mainly of D-galactose units. On about every tenth D-galactopyranose unit one of the hydroxyl groups is esterified with sulphuric acid which is neutralised by calcium, magnesium, potassium or sodium. It is extracted from certain natural strains of marine algae of the families Gelidiaceae and Sphaerococcaceae and related red algae of the class Rhodophyceae Einecs 232-658-1 Assay The threshold gel concentration should not be higher than 0,25 % Description Agar is odourless or has a slight characteristic odour. Unground agar usually occurs in bundles consisting of thin, membranous, agglutinated strips, or in cut, flaked or granulated forms. It may be light yellowish-orange, yellowish-grey to pale yellow, or colourless. It is tough when damp, brittle when dry. Powdered agar is white to yellowish-white or pale yellow. When examined in water under a microscope, the agar appears granular and somewhat filamentous. A few fragments of the spicules of sponges and a few frustules of diatoms may be present. In chloral hydrate solution, the powdered agar appears more transparent than in water, more or less granular, striated, angular and occasionally contains frustules of diatoms. Gel strength may be standardised by the addition of dextrose and maltodextrines or sucrose Identification Solubility Insoluble in cold water; soluble in boiling water Purity Loss on drying Not more than 22 % (105 oC, 5 hours) Ash Not more than 6,5 % on the anhydrous basis determined at 550 oC Acid-insoluble ash (insoluble in approximately 3N Hydrochloric acid) Not more than 0,5 % determined at 550 oC on the anhydrous basis Insoluble matter (in hot water) Not more than 1,0 % Starch Not detectable by the following method: to a 1 in 10 solution of the sample add a few drops of iodine solution. No blue colour is produced Gelatin and other proteins Dissolve about 1 g of agar in 100 ml of boiling water and allow to cool of about 50 oC. To 5 ml of the solution add 5 ml of trinitrophenol solution (1 g of anhydrous trinitrophenol/100 ml of hot water). No turbidity appears within 10 minutes Water absorption Place 5 g to agar in a 100 ml graduated cylinder, fill to the mark with water, mix and allow to stand at about 25 oC for 24 hours. Pour the contents of the cylinder through moistened glass wool, allowing the water to drain into a second 100 ml graduated cylinder. Not more than 75 ml of water is obtained Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 20 mg/kg

E 407 CARRAGEENAN A.

Synonyms Products of commerce are sold under different names such as: Irish moss gelose Eucheuman (from Eucheuma spp.) Iridophycan (from Iridaea spp.) Hypnean (from Hypnea spp.) Furcellaran or Danish agar (from Furcellaria fastigiata) Carrageenan (from Chondrus and Gigartina spp.) Definition Carrageenan is obtained by aqueous extraction of natural strains of seaweeds of Gigartinaceae, Solieriaceae, Hypneaceae and Furcellariaceae, families of the class Rhodophyceae (red seaweeds). No organic precipitant shall be used other than methanol, ethanol and propane-2-ol. Carrageenan consists chiefly of the potassium, sodium, magnesium and calcium salts of polysaccharide sulphate esters which, on hydrolysis, yield galactose and 3,6-anhydrogalactose. Carrageenan shall not be hydrolysed or otherwise chemically degraded Einecs 232-524-2 Description Yellowish to colourless, coarse to fine powder which is practically odourless Identification Positive tests for galactose, for anhydrogalactose and for sulphate Purity Methanol, ethanol propane-2-ol content Not more than 0,1 % singly or in combination Viscosity of a 1,5 % solution at 75 oC Not less than 5 mPa.s Loss on drying Not more than 12 % (105 oC, four hours) Sulphate Not less than 15 % and not more than 40 % on the dried basis (as SO4) Ash Not less than 15 % and not more than 40 % determined on the dried basis at 550 oC Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 1 % on the dried basis (insoluble in 10 % hydrochloric acid) Acid-insoluble matter Not more than 2 % on the dried basis (insoluble in 1 % v/v sulphuric acid) Low molecular weight carrageenan (Molecular weight fraction below 50 kDa) Not more than 5 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Total plate count Not more than 5000 colonies per gram Yeast and moulds Not more than 300 colonies per gram E. coli Negative in 5 g Salmonella spp. Negative in 10 g

E 407a PROCESSED EUCHEUMA SEAWEED A.B.

Synonyms PES (acronym for processed eucheuma seaweed) Definition Processed eucheuma seaweed is obtained by aqueous alkaline (KOH) treatment of the natural strains of seaweeds Eucheuma cottonii and Eucheuma spinosum, of the class Rhodophyceae (red seaweeds) to remove impurities and by fresh water washing and drying to obtain the product. Further purification may be achieved by washing with methanol, ethanol or propane-2-ol and drying. The product consists chiefly of the potassium salts of polysaccharide sulphate esters which, on hydrolysis, yield galactose and 3,6-anhydrogalactose. Sodium, calcium and magnesium salts of the polysaccharide sulphate esters are present in lesser amounts. Up to 15 % algal cellulose is also present in the product. The carrageenan in processed eucheuma seaweed shall not be hydrolysed or otherwise chemically degraded Description Tan to yellowish, coarse to fine powder which is practically odourless Identification Positive tests for galactose, for anhydrogalactose and for sulphate Solubility Forms cloudy viscous suspensions in water. Insoluble in ethanol Purity Methanol, ethanol, propane-2-ol content Not more than 0,1 % singly or in combination Viscosity of a 1,5 % solution at 75 oC Not less than 5 mPa.s Loss on drying Not more than 12 % (105 oC, four hours) Sulphate Not less than 15 % and not more than 40 % on the dried basis (as SO4) Ash Not less than 15 % and not more than 40 % determined on the dried basis at 550 oC Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 1 % on the dried basis (insoluble in 10 % hydrochloric acid) Acid-insoluble matter Not less than 8 % and not more than 15 % on the dried basis (insoluble in 1 % v/v sulphuric acid) Low molecular weight carrageenan (Molecular weight fraction below 50 kDa) Not more than 5 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Total plate count Not more than 5000 colonies per gram Yeast and moulds Not more than 300 colonies per gram E. coli Negative in 5 g Salmonella spp. Negative in 10 g

E 410 LOCUST BEAN GUM A.B.C.

Synonyms Carob bean gum Algaroba gum Definition Locust bean gum is the ground endosperm of the seeds of the natural strains of carob tree, Cerationia siliqua (L.) Taub. (family Leguminosae). Consists mainly of a high molecular weight hydrocolloidal polysaccharide, composed of galactopyranose and mannopyranose units combined through glycosidic linkages, which may be described chemically as galactomannan Molecular weight 50000-3000000 Einecs 232-541-5 Assay Galactomannan content not less than 75 % Description White to yellowish-white, nearly odourless powder Identification Positive tests for galactose mannose Microscopic examination Place some ground sample in an aqueous solution containing 0,5 % iodine and 1 % potassium iodide on a glass slide and examine under microscope. Locust bean gum contains long stretched tubiform cells, separated or slightly interspaced. Their brown contents are much less regularly formed in guar gum. Guar gum shows close groups of round to pear shaped cells. Their contents are yellow to brown Solubility Soluble in hot water, insoluble in ethanol Purity Loss on drying Not more than 15 % (105 oC, 5 hours) Ash Not more than 1,2 % determined at 800 oC Protein (N × 6,25) Not more than 7 % Acid-insoluble matter Not more than 4 % Starch Not detectable by the following method: to a 1 in 10 solution of the sample add a few drops of iodine solution. No blue colour is produced Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 20 mg/kg Ethanol and propane-2-ol Not more than 1 %, single or in combination

E 412 GUAR GUM A.B.

Synonyms Gum cyamopsis Guar flour Definition Guar gum is the ground endosperm of the seeds of natural strains of the guar plant, Cyamopsis tetragonolobus (L.) Taub. (family Leguminosae). Consists mainly of a high molecular weight hydrocolloidal polysaccharide composed of galactopyranose and mannopyranose units combined through glycosidic linkages, which may be described chemically as galactomannan Einecs 232-536-0 Molecular weight 50000-8000000 Assay Galactomannan content not less than 75 % Description A white to yellowish-white, nearly odourless powder Identification Positive tests for galactose and for mannose Solubility Soluble in cold water Purity Loss on drying Not more than 15 % (105 oC, 5 hours) Ash Not more than 1,5 % determined at 800 oC Acid-insoluble matter Not more than 7 % Protein (N × 6,25) Not more than 10 % Starch Not detectable by the following method: to a 1 in 10 solution of the sample add a few drops of iodine solution. (No blue colour is produced) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 20 mg/kg

E 413 TRAGACANTH A.

Synonyms Tragacanth gum Tragant Definition Tragacanth is a dried exudation obtained from the stems and branches of natural strains of Astragalus gummifer Labillardiere and other Asiatic species of Astragalus (family Leguminosae). It consists mainly of high molecular weight polysaccharides (galactoarabans and acidic polysaccharides) which, on hydrolysis, yield galacturonic acid, galactose, arabinose, xylose and fucose. Small amounts of rhamnose and of glucose (derived from traces of starch and/or cellulose) may also be present Molecular weight Approximately 800000 Einecs 232-252-5 Description Unground Tragacanth gum occurs as flattened, lamellated, straight or curved fragments or as spirally twisted pieces 0,5-2,5 mm thick and up to 3 cm in length. It is white to pale yellow in colour but some pieces may have a red tinge. The pieces are horny in texture, with a short fracture. It is odourless and solutions have an insipid mucilaginous taste. Powdered tragacanth is white to pale yellow or pinkish brown (pale tan) in colour Identification Solubility 1 g of the sample in 50 ml of water swells to form a smooth, stiff, opalescent mucilage; insoluble in ethanol and does not swell in 60 % (w/v) aqueous ethanol Purity Negative test for Karaya gum Boil 1 g with 20 ml of water until a mucilage is formed. Add 5 ml of hydrochloric acid and again boil the mixture for five minutes. No permanent pink or red colour develops Loss on drying Not more than 16 % (105 oC, 5 hours) Total ash Not more than 4 % Acid insoluble ash Not more than 0,5 % Acid insoluble matter Not more than 2 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 20 mg/kg Salmonella spp. Negative in 10 g E. coli Negative in 5 g

E 414 ACACIA GUM A.

Synonyms Gum arabic Definition Acacia gum is a dried exudation obtained from the stems and branches of natural strains of Acacia senegal (L) Willdenow or closely related species of Acacia (family Leguminosae). It consists mainly of high molecular weight polysaccharides and their calcium, magnesium and potassium salts, which on hydrolysis yield arabinose, galactose, rhamnose and glucuronic acid Molecular weight Approximately 350000 Einecs 232-519-5 Description Unground acacia gum occurs as white or yellowish-white spheroidal tears of varying sizes or as angular fragments and is sometimes mixed with darker fragments. It is also available in the form of white to yellowish-white flakes, granules, powder or spray-dried material. Identification Solubility 1 g dissolves in 2 ml of cold water forming a solution which flows readily and is acid to litmus, insoluble in ethanol Purity Loss on drying Not more than 17 % (105 oC, 5 hours) for granular and not more than 10 % (105 oC, 4 hours) for spray-dried material Total ash Not more than 4 % Acid insoluble ash Not more than 0,5 % Acid insoluble matter Not more than 1 % Starch or dextrin Boil a 1 in 50 solution of the gum and cool. To 5 ml add 1 drop of iodine solution. No bluish or reddish colours are produced Tannin To 10 ml of a 1 in 50 solution add about 0,1 ml of ferric chloride solution (9 g FeCl3.6H2O made up to 100 ml with water). No blackish colouration or blackish precipitate is formed Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 20 mg/kg Hydrolysis products Mannose, xylose and galacturonic acid are absent (determined by chromatography) Salmonella spp. Negative in 10 g E. coli Negative in 5 g

E 415 XANTHAN GUM A.

Definition Xanthan gum is a high molecular weight polysaccharide gum produced by a pure-culture fermentation of a carbohydrate with natural strains of Xanthomonas campestris, purified by recovery with ethanol or propane-2-ol, dried and milled. It contains D-glucose and D-mannose as the dominant hexose units, along with D-glucuronic acid and pyruvic acid, and is prepared as the sodium, potassium or calcium salt. Its solutions are neutral Molecular weight Approximately 1000000 Einecs 234-394-2 Assay Yields, on dried basis, not less than 4,2 % and not more than 5 % of CO2 corresponding to between 91 % and 108 % of xanthan gum Description Cream-coloured powder Identification Solubility Soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol Purity Loss on drying Not more than 15 % (105 oC, 21/2 hours) Total ash Not more than 16 % on the anhydrous basis determined at 650 oC after drying at 105 oC for four hours Pyruvic acid Not less than 1,5 % Nitrogen Not more than 1,5 % Ethanol and propan-2-ol Not more than 500 mg/kg singly or in combination Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg Total plate count Not more than 5000 colonies per gram Yeast and mould Not more than 300 colonies per gram E. coli Absent in 5 g Salmonella spp. Absent in 10 g Xanthomonas campestris Viable cells absent in 1 g

E 416 KARAYA-GUM A.B.

Synonyms Katilo Kadaya Gum sterculia Sterculia Karaya, gum karaya Kullo Kuterra Definition Karaya gum is a dried exudation from the stems and branches of natural strains of: Sterculia urens Roxburgh and other species of Sterculia (family Sterculiaceae) or from Cochlospermum gossypium A.P. De Candolle or other species of Cochlospermum (family Bixaceae). It consists mainly of high molecular weight acetylated polysaccharides, which on hydrolysis yield galactose, rhamnose, and galacturonic acid, together with minor amounts of glucuronic acid Einecs 232-539-4 Description Karaya gum occurs in tears of variable size and in broken irregular pieces having a characteristic semi-crystalline appearance. It is pale yellow to pinkish brown in colour, translucent and horny. Powdered karaya gum is a pale grey to pinkish brown. The gum has a distinctive odour of acetic acid Identification Solubility Insoluble in ethanol Swelling in ethanol solution Karaya gum swells in 60 % ethanol distinguishing it from other gums Purity Loss on drying Not more than 20 % (105 oC, 5 hours) Total ash Not more than 8 % Acid insoluble ash Not more than 1 % Acid insoluble matter Not more than 3 % Volatile acid Not less than 10 % (as acetic acid) Starch Not detectable Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 20 mg/kg Salmonella spp. Negative in 10 g E. coli Negative in 5 g

E 417 TARA GUM A.B.

Definition Tara gum is obtained by grinding the endosperm of the seeds of natural strains of Caesalpinia spinosa (family Leguminosae). It consists chiefly of polysaccharides of high molecular weight composed mainly of galactomannans. The principal component consists of a linear chain of (1-4)-β-D-mannopyranose units with α-D-galactopyranose units attached by (1-6) linkages. The ratio of mannose to galactose in tara gum is 3:1. (In locust bean gum this ratio is 4:1 and in guar gum 2:1) Einecs 254-409-6 Description A white to white-yellow odourless powder Identification Solubility Soluble in water Insoluble in ethanol Gel formation To an aqueous solution of the sample add small amounts of sodium borate. A gel is formed Purity Loss on drying Not more than 15 % Ash Not more than 1,5 % Acid insoluble matter Not more than 2 % Protein Not more than 3,5 % (factor N × 5,7) Starch Not detectable Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 20 mg/kg

E 418 GELLAN GUM A.

Definition Gellan gum is a high molecular weight polysaccharide gum produced by a pure culture fermentation of a carbohydrate by natural strains of Pseudomonas elodea, purified by recovery with isopropyl alcohol, dried, and milled. The high molecular weight polysaccharide is principally composed of a tetrasaccharide repeating unit of one rhamnose, one glucuronic acid, and two glucoses, and substituted with acyl (glyceryl and acetyl) groups as the O-glycosidically linked esters. The glucuronic acid is neutralised to a mixed potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium salt Einecs 275-117-5 Molecular weight Approximately 500000 Assay Yields, on the dried basis, not less than 3,3 % and not more than 6,8 % of CO2 Description An off-white powder Identification Solubility Soluble in water, forming a viscous solution. Insoluble in ethanol Purity Loss on drying Not more than 15 % after drying (105 oC, 21/2 hours) Nitrogen Not more than 3 % Propane-2-ol Not more than 750 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 20 mg/kg Total plate count Not more than 10000 colonies per gram Yeast and mould Not more than 400 colonies per gram E. coli Negative in 5 g Salmonella spp. Negative in 10 g

E 420(i) SORBITOL

Purity criteria for this additive are the same as set out for this additive in Annex I to Commission Directive 2008/60/EC.

E 420(ii) SORBITOL SYRUP

Purity criteria for this additive are the same as set out for this additive in Annex I to Directive 2008/60/EC.

E 421 MANNITOL

Purity criteria for this additive are the same as set out for this additive in Annex I to Directive 2008/60/EC.

E 422 GLYCEROL A.B.C.

Synonyms Glycerin Glycerine Definition Chemical names 1,2,3-propanetriol Glycerol Trihydroxypropane Einecs 200-289-5 Chemical formula C3H8O3 Molecular weight 92,10 Assay Content not less than 98 % of glycerol on the anhydrous basis Description Clear, colourless hygroscopic syrupy liquid with not more than a slight characteristic odour, which is neither harsh nor disagreeable Identification Acrolein formation on heating Heat a few drops of the sample in a test tube with about 0,5 g of potassium bisulphate. The characteristic pungent vapours of acrolein are evolved Specific gravity (25/25 oC) Not less than 1,257 Refractive index [n]D20 Between 1,471 and 1,474 Purity Water Not more than 5 % (Karl Fischer method) Sulphated ash Not more than 0,01 % determined at 800 ± 25 oC Butanetriols Not more than 0,2 % Acrolein, glucose and ammonium compounds Heat a mixture of 5 ml of glycerol and 5 ml of potassium hydroxide solution (1 in 10) at 60 oC for five minutes. It neither becomes yellow nor emits an odour of ammonia Fatty acids and esters Not more than 0,1 % calculated as butyric acid Chlorinated compounds Not more than 30 mg/kg (as chlorine) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 5 mg/kg

E 425(i) KONJAC GUM A.B.C.D.

Definition Konjac gum is a water-soluble hydrocolloid obtained from the Konjac flour by aqueous extraction. Konjac flour is the unpurified raw product from the root of the perennial plant Amorphophallus konjac. The main component of Konjac gum is the water-soluble high-molecular-weight polysaccharide glucomannan, which consists of D-mannose and D-glucose units at a molar ratio of 1,6:1,0, connected by β(1-4)-glycosidic bonds. Shorter side chains are attached through β(1-3)-glycosidic bonds, and acetyl groups occur at random at a ratio of about 1 group per 9 to 19 sugar units Molecular weight The main component, glucomannan, has an average molecular weight of 200000 to 2000000 Assay Not less than 75 % carbohydrate Description A white to cream to light tan powder Identification Solubility Dispersible in hot or cold water forming a highly viscous solution with a pH between 4,0 and 7,0 Gel formation Add 5 ml of a 4 % sodium borate solution to a 1 % solution of the sample in a test tube, and shake vigorously. A gel forms Formation of heat-stable gel Prepare a 2 % solution of the sample by heating it in a boiling water bath for 30 min, with continuous agitation and then cooling the solution to room temperature. For each g of the sample used to prepare 30 g of the 2 % solution, add 1 ml of 10 % potassium carbonate solution to the fully hydrated sample at ambient temperature. Heat the mixture in a water bath to 85 oC, and maintain for 2 h without agitation. Under these conditions a thermally stable gel is formed Viscosity (1 % solution) Not less than 3 kgm-1s-1 at 25 oC Purity Loss on drying Not more than 12 % (105 oC, 5 h) Starch Not more than 3 % Protein Not more than 3 % (N × 5,7) Determine nitrogen by Kjeldahl method. The percentage of nitrogen in the sample multiplied by 5,7 gives the percent of protein in the sample Ether-soluble material Not more than 0,1 % Total ash Not more than 5,0 % (800 oC, 3 to 4h) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg Salmonella spp. Absent in 12,5 g E. coli Absent in 5 g

E 425(ii) KONJAC GLUCOMANNAN A.B.C.

Definition Konjac glucomannan is a water-soluble hydrocolloid obtained from Konjac flour by washing with water-containing ethanol. Konjac flour is the unpurified raw product from the tuber of the perennial plant Amorphophallus konjac. The main component is the water-soluble high-molecular-weight polysaccharide glucomannan, which consists of D-mannose and D-glucose units at a molar ratio of 1,6:1,0, connected by β(1-4)-glycosidic bonds with a branch at about each 50th or 60th unit. About each 19th sugar residue is acetylated Molecular weight 500000 to 2000000 Assay Total dietary fibre: not less than 95 % on a dry weight basis Description White to slightly brownish fine particle size, free flowing and odourless powder Identification Solubility Dispersible in hot or cold water forming a highly viscous solution with a pH between 5,0 and 7,0. Solubility is increased by heat and mechanical agitation Formation of heat-stable gel Prepare a 2 % solution of the sample by heating it in a boiling water bath for 30 min, with continuous agitation and then cooling the solution to room temperature. For each g of the sample used to prepare 30 g of the 2 % solution, add 1 ml of 10 % potassium carbonate solution to the fully hydrated sample at ambient temperature. Heat the mixture in a water bath to 85 oC, and maintain for 2 h without agitation. Under these conditions a thermally stable gel is formed Viscosity (1 % solution) Not less than 20 kgm-1s-1 at 25 oC Purity Loss on drying Not more than 8 % (105 oC, 3h) Starch Not more than 1 % Protein Not more than 1,5 % (N × 5,7) Determine nitrogen by Kjeldahl method. The percentage of nitrogen in the sample multiplied by 5,7 gives the percent of protein in the sample Ether-soluble material Not more than 0,5 % Sulphite (as SO2) Not more than 4 mg/kg Chloride Not more than 0,02 % 50 % Alcohol-soluble Not more than 2,0 % material Total ash Not more than 2,0 % (800 oC, 3 to 4h) Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg Salmonella spp. Absent in 12,5 g E. coli Absent in 5 g

E 426 SOYBEAN HEMICELLULOSE A.B.

Definition Soybean hemicellulose is a refined water-soluble polysaccharide obtained from natural strain soybean fibre by hot water extraction Chemical names Water soluble soybean polysaccharides Water soluble soybean fibre Assay Not less than 74 % carbohydrate Description Free flowing spray-dried white powder Identification Solubility pH of 1 % solution Soluble in hot and cold water without gel formation 5,5±1,5 Viscosity of 10 % solution Not more than 200 mPa.s Purity Loss on drying Not more than 7 % (105 oC, 4h) Protein Not more than 14 % Total ash Not more than 9,5 % (600 oC, 4h) Arsenic Not more than 2 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Standard plate count Not more than 3000 colonies per gram Yeast and mould Not more than 100 colonies per gram E. coli Negative in 10 g

E 431 POLYOXYETHYLENE (40) STEARATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Polyoxyl (40) stearate polyoxyethylene (40) monostearate Definition A mixture of the mono- and diesters of edible commercial stearic acid and mixed polyoxyethylene diols (having an average polymer length of about 40 oxyethylene units) together with free polyol Assay Content not less than 97,5 % on the anhydrous basis Description Cream-coloured flakes or waxy solid at 25 oC with a faint odour Identification Solubility Soluble in water, ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate. Insoluble in mineral oil Congealing range 39 oC-44 oC Infrared absorption spectrum Characteristic of a partial fatty acid ester of a polyoxyethylated polyol Purity Water Not more than 3 % (Karl Fischer method) Acid value Not more than 1 Saponification value Not less than 25 and not more than 35 Hydroxyl value Not less than 27 and not more than 40 1,4-Dioxane Not more than 5 mg/kg Ethylene oxide Not more than 0,2 mg/kg Ethylene glycols (mono- and di-) Not more than 0,25 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 432 POLYOXYETHYLENE SORBITAN MONOLAURATE (POLYSORBATE 20) A.B.

Synonyms Polysorbate 20 Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate Definition A mixture of the partial esters of sorbitol and its mono- and dianhydrides with edible commercial lauric acid and condensed with approximately 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of sorbitol and its anhydrides Assay Content not less than 70 % of oxyethylene groups, equivalent to not less than 97,3 % of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate on the anhydrous basis Description A lemon to amber-coloured oily liquid at 25 oC with a faint characteristic odour Identification Solubility Soluble in water, ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate and dioxane. Insoluble in mineral oil and petroleum ether Infrared absorption spectrum Characteristic of a partial fatty acid ester of a polyoxyethylated polyol Purity Water Not more than 3 % (Karl Fischer method) Acid value Not more than 2 Saponification value Not less than 40 and not more than 50 Hydroxyl value Not less than 96 and not more than 108 1,4-dioxane Not more than 5 mg/kg Ethylene oxide Not more than 0,2 mg/kg Ethylene glycols (mono- and di-) Not more than 0,25 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 433 POLYOXYETHYLENE SORBITAN MONOOLEATE (POLYSORBATE 80) A.B.

Synonyms Polysorbate 80 Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate Definition A mixture of the partial esters of sorbitol and its mono- and dianhydrides with edible commercial oleic acid and condensed with approximately 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of sorbitol and its anhydrides Assay Content not less than 65 % of oxyethylene groups, equivalent to not less than 96,5 % of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate on the anhydrous basis Description A lemon to amber-coloured oily liquid at 25 oC with a faint characteristic odour Identification Solubility Soluble in water, ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate and toluene. Insoluble in mineral oil and petroleum ether Infrared absorption spectrum Characteristic of a partial fatty acid ester of a polyoxyethylated polyol Purity Water Not more than 3 % (Karl Fischer method) Acid value Not more than 2 Saponification value Not less than 45 and not more than 55 Hydroxyl value Not less than 65 and not more than 80 1,4-dioxane Not more than 5 mg/kg Ethylene oxide Not more than 0,2 mg/kg Ethylene glycols (mono- and di-) Not more than 0,25 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 434 POLYOXYETHYLENE SORBITAN MONOPALMITATE (POLYSORBATE 40) A.B.

Synonyms Polysorbate 40 Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate Definition A mixture of the partial esters of sorbitol and its mono- and dianhydrides with edible commercial palmitic acid and condensed with approximately 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of sorbitol and its anhydrides Assay Content not less than 66 % of oxyethylene groups, equivalent to not less than 97 % of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate on the anhydrous basis Description A lemon to orange-coloured oily liquid or semi-gel at 25 oC with a faint characteristic odour Identification Solubility Soluble in water, ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate and acetone. Insoluble in mineral oil Infrared absorption spectrum Characteristic of a partial fatty acid ester of a polyoxyethylated polyol Purity Water Not more than 3 % (Karl Fischer method) Acid value Not more than 2 Saponification value Not less than 41 and not more than 52 Hydroxyl value Not less than 90 and not more than 107 1,4-dioxane Not more than 5 mg/kg Ethylene oxide Not more than 0,2 mg/kg Ethylene glycols (mono- and di-) Not more than 0,25 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 435 POLYOXYETHYLENE SORBITAN MONOSTEARATE (POLYSORBATE 60) A.B.

Synonyms Polysorbate 60 Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate Definition A mixture of the partial esters of sorbitol and its mono- and dianhydrides with edible commercial stearic acid and condensed with approximately 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of sorbitol and its anhydrides Assay Content not less than 65 % of oxyethylene groups, equivalent to not less than 97 % of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate on the anhydrous basis Description A lemon to orange-coloured oily liquid or semi-gel at 25 oC with a faint characteristic odour Identification Solubility Soluble in water, ethyl acetate and toluene. Insoluble in mineral oil and vegetable oils Infrared absorption spectrum Characteristic of a partial fatty acid ester of a polyoxyethylated polyol Purity Water Not more than 3 % (Karl Fischer method) Acid value Not more than 2 Saponification value Not less than 45 and not more than 55 Hydroxyl value Not less than 81 and not more than 96 1,4-dioxane Not more than 5 mg/kg Ethylene oxide Not more than 0,2 mg/kg Ethylene glycols (mono- and di-) Not more than 0,25 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 436 POLYOXYETHYLENE SORBITAN TRISTEARATE (POLYSORBATE 65) A.B.C.

Synonyms Polysorbate 65 Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan tristearate Definition A mixture of the partial esters of sorbitol and its mono- and dianhydrides with edible commercial stearic acid and condensed with approximately 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of sorbitol and its anhydrides Assay Content not less than 46 % of oxyethylene groups, equivalent to not less than 96 % of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan tristearate on the anhydrous basis Description A tan-coloured, waxy solid at 25 oC with a faint characteristic odour Identification Solubility Dispersible in water. Soluble in mineral oil, vegetal oils, petroleum ether, acetone, ether, dioxane, ethanol and methanol Congealing range 29-33 oC Infrared absorption spectrum Characteristic of a partial fatty acid ester of a polyoxyethylated polyol Purity Water Not more than 3 % (Karl Fischer method) Acid value Not more than 2 Saponification value Not less than 88 and not more than 98 Hydroxyl value Not less than 40 and not more than 60 1,4-dioxane Not more than 5 mg/kg Ethylene oxide Not more than 0,2 mg/kg Ethylene glycols (mono- and di-) Not more than 0,25 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 440 (i) PECTIN A.

Definition Pectin consists mainly of the partial methyl esters of polygalacturonic acid and their ammonium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts. It is obtained by extraction in an aqueous medium of natural strains of appropriate edible plant material, usually citrus fruits or apples. No organic precipitant shall be used other than methanol, ethanol and propane-2-ol Einecs 232-553-0 Assay Content not less than 65 % of galacturonic acid on the ash-free and anhydrous basis after washing with acid and alcohol Description White, light yellow, light grey or light brown powder Identification Solubility Soluble in water forming a colloidal, opalescent solution. Insoluble in ethanol Purity Loss on drying Not more than 12 % (105 oC, 2 hours) Acid insoluble ash Not more than 1 % (insoluble in approximately 3N hydrochloric acid) Sulphur dioxide Not more than 50 mg/kg on the anhydrous basis Nitrogen content Not more than 1,0 % after washing with acid and ethanol Free methanol, ethanol and propane-2-ol Not more than 1 %, singly or in combination, on the anhydrous basis Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 20 mg/kg

(ii) AMIDATED PECTIN A.

Definition Amidated pectin consists mainly of the partial methyl esters and amides of polygalacturonic acid and their ammonium, sodium, potassium and calcium salts. It is obtained by extraction in an aqueous medium of appropriate natural strains of edible plant material, usually citrus fruits or apples and treatment with ammonia under alkaline conditions. No organic precipitant shall be used other than methanol, ethanol and propane-2-ol Assay Content not less than 65 % of galacturonic acid on the ash-free and anhydrous basis after washing with acid and alcohol Description White, light yellow, light greyish or light brownish powder Identification Solubility Soluble in water forming a colloidal, opalescent solution. Insoluble in ethanol Purity Loss on drying Not more than 12 % (105 oC, 2 hours) Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 1 % (insoluble in approximately 3N hydrochloric acid) Degree of amidation Not more than 25 % of total carboxyl groups Sulphur dioxide residue Not more than 50 mg/kg on the anhydrous basis Nitrogen content Not more than 2,5 % after washing with acid and ethanol Free methanol, ethanol and propane-2-ol Not more than 1 % single or in combination, on a volatile matter-free basis Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 20 mg/kg

E 442 AMMONIUM PHOSPHATIDES A.B.

Synonyms Ammonium salts of phosphatidic acid, mixed ammonium salts of phoshorylated glycerides Definition A mixture of the ammonium compounds of phosphatidic acids derived from edible fat and oil (usually partially hardened rapeseed oil). One or two or three glyceride moieties may be attached to phosphorus. Moreover, two phosphorus esters may be linked together as phosphatidyl phosphatides Assay The phosphorus content is not less than 3 % and not more than 3,4 % by weight; the ammonium content is not less than 1,2 % and not more than 1,5 % (calculated as N) Description Unctuous semi-solid Identification Solubility Soluble in fats. Insoluble in water. Partially soluble in ethanol and in acetone Positive tests for glycerol, for fatty acid and for phosphate Purity Petroleum ether insoluble matter Not more than 2,5 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 444 SUCROSE ACETATE ISOBUTYRATE A.B.C.

Synonyms SAIB Definition Sucrose acetate isobutyrate is a mixture of the reaction products formed by the esterification of food grade sucrose with acetic acid anhydride and isobutyric anhydride, followed by distillation. The mixture contains all possible combinations of esters in which the molar ratio of acetate to butyrate is about 2:6 Einecs 204-771-6 Chemical name Sucrose diacetate hexaisobutyrate Chemical formulae C40H62O19 Molecular weight 832-856 (approximate), C40H62O19: 846,9 Assay Content not less than 98,8 % and not more than 101,9 % of C40H62O19 Description A pale straw-coloured liquid, clear and free of sediment and having a bland odour Identification Solubility Insoluble in water. Soluble in most organic solvents Refractive index [n]40D: 1,4492-1,4504 Specific gravity [d]25D: 1,141-1,151 Purity Triacetin Not more than 0,1 % Acid value Not more than 0,2 Saponification value Not less than 524 and not more than 540 Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 3 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 5 mg/kg

E 445 GLYCEROL ESTERS OF WOOD ROSIN A.B.

Synonyms Ester gum Definition A complex mixture of tri- and diglycerol esters of resin acids from wood rosin. The rosin is obtained by the solvent extraction of aged pine stumps followed by a liquid-liquid solvent refining process. Excluded from these specifications are substances derived from gum rosin, and exudate of living pine trees, and substances derived from tall oil rosin, a by-product of kraft (paper) pulp processing. The final product is composed of approximately 90 % resin acids and 10 % neutrals (non-acidic compounds). The resin acid fraction is a complex mixture of isomeric diterpenoid monocarboxylic acids having the empirical molecular formula of C20H30O2, chiefly abietic acid. The substance is purified by steam stripping or by countercurrent steam distillation Description Hard, yellow to pale amber-coloured solid Identification Solubility Insoluble in water, soluble in acetone Infrared absorption spectrum Characteristic of the compound Purity Specific gravity of solution [d]2025 not less than 0,935 when determined in a 50 % solution in d-limonene (97 %, boilding point 175,5-176 oC, d204: 0,84) Ring and ball softening range Between 82 oC and 90 oC Acid value Not less than 3 and not more than 9 Hydroxyl value Not less than 15 and not more than 45 Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg Test for absence of tall oil rosin (sulphur test) When sulphur-containing organic compounds are heated in the presence of sodium formate, the sulphur is converted to hydrogen sulphide which can readily be detected by the use of lead acetate paper. A positive test indicates the use of tall oil rosin instead of wood rosin

E 450 (i) DISODIUM DIPHOSPHATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Disodium dihydrogen diphosphate Disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate Sodium acid pyrophosphate Disodium pyrophosphate Definition Chemical name Disodium dihydrogen diphosphate Einecs 231-835-0 Chemical formula Na2H2P2O7 Molecular weight 221,94 Assay Content not less than 95 % of disodium diphosphate P2O5 Content Not less than 63,0 % and not more than 64,5 % Description White powder or grains Identification Positive tests for sodium and for phosphate Solubility Soluble in water pH of a 1 % solution Between 3,7 and 5,0 Purity Loss on drying Not more than 0,5 % (105 oC, four hours) Water-insoluble matter Not more than 1 % Fluoride Not more than 10 mg/kg (expressed as fluorine) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 4 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

(ii) TRISODIUM DIPHOSPHATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Acid trisodium pyrophosphate Trisodium monohydrogen diphosphate Definition Einecs 238-735-6 Chemical formula Monohydrate: Na3HP2O7 · H2O Anhydrous: Na3HP2O7 Molecular weight Monohydrate: 261,95 Anhydrous: 243,93 Assay Content not less than 95 % on the anhydrous basis P2O5 content Not less than 57 % and not more than 59 % Description White powder or grains, occurs anhydrous or as a monohydrate Identification Positive tests for sodium and for phosphate Solubility Soluble in water pH of a 1 % solution Between 6,7 and 7,5 Purity Loss on ignition Not more than 4,5 % on the anhydrous compound Not more than 11,5 % on the monohydrous basis Loss on drying Not more than 0,5 % (105 oC, four hours) Water-insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 % Fluoride Not more than 10 mg/kg (expressed as fluorine) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 4 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

(iii) TETRASODIUM DIPHOSPHATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Tetrasodium pyrophosphate Sodium pyrophosphate Definition Chemical name Tetrasodium diphosphate Einecs 231-767-1 Chemical formula Anhydrous: Na4P2O7 Decahydrate: Na4P2O7 · 10H2O Molecular weight Anhydrous: 265,94 Decahydrate: 446,09 Assay Content not less than 95 % of Na4P2O7 on the ignited basis P2O5 content Not less than 52,5 % and not more than 54,0 % Description Colourless or white crystals, or a white crystalline or granular powder. The decahydrate effloresces slightly in dry air Identification Positive tests for sodium and for phosphate Solubility Soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol pH of a 1 % solution Between 9,8 and 10,8 Purity Loss on ignition Not more than 0,5 % for the anhydrous salt, not less than 38 % and not more than 42 % for the decahydrate, in both cases determined after drying at 105 oC for four hours, followed by ignition at 550 oC for 30 minutes Water-insoluble matter Not more than 0,2 % Fluoride Not more than 10 mg/kg (expressed as fluorine) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 4 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

(v) TETRAPOTASSIUM DIPHOSPHATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Potassium pyrophosphate Tetrapotassium pyrophosphate Definition Chemical name Tetrapotassium diphosphate Einecs 230-785-7 Chemical formula K4P2O7 Molecular weight 330,34 (anhydrous) Assay Content not less than 95 % on the ignited basis P2O5 content Not less than 42,0 % and not more than 43,7 % on the anhydrous basis Description Colourless crystals or white, very hygroscopic powder Identification Positive tests for potassium and for phosphate Solubility Soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol pH of a 1 % solution Between 10,0 and 10,8 Purity Loss on ignition Not more than 2 % after drying at 105 oC for four hours and then ignition at 550 oC for 30 minutes Water-insoluble substances Not more than 0,2 % Fluoride Not more than 10 mg/kg (expressed as fluorine) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 4 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

(vi) DICALCIUM DIPHOSPHATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Calcium pyrophosphate Definition Chemical name Dicalcium diphosphate Dicalcium pyrophosphate Einecs 232-221-5 Chemical formula Ca2P2O7 Molecular weight 254,12 Assay Content not less than 96 % P2O5 content Not less than 55 % and not more than 56 % Description A fine, white, odourless powder Identification Positive tests for calcium and for phosphate Solubility Insoluble in water. Soluble in dilute hydrochloric and nitric acids pH of a 10 % suspension in water Between 5,5 and 7,0 Purity Loss on ignition Not more than 1,5 % at 800 oC ± 25 oC for 30 minutes Fluoride Not more than 50 mg/kg (expressed as fluorine) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 4 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

(vii) CALCIUM DIHYDROGEN DIPHOSPHATE A.

Synonyms Acid calcium pyrophosphate Monocalcium dihydrogen pyrophosphate Definition Chemical name Calcium dihydrogen diphosphate Einecs 238-933-2 Chemical formula CaH2P2O7 Molecular weight 215,97 Assay Content not less than 90 % on the anhydrous basis P2O5 content Not less than 61 % and not more than 64 % Description White crystals or powder Identification Positive tests for calcium and for phosphate Purity Acid-insoluble matter Not more than 0,4 % Fluoride Not more than 30 mg/kg (expressed as fluorine) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 4 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 451 (i) PENTASODIUM TRIPHOSPHATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Pentasodium tripolyphosphate Sodium tripolyphosphate Definition Chemical name Pentasodium triphosphate Einecs 231-838-7 Chemical formula Na5O10P3 · nH2O (n = 0 or 6) Molecular weight 367,86 Assay Content not less than 85,0 % (anhydrous) or 65,0 % (hexahydrate) P2O5 content Not less than 56 % and not more than 59 % (anhydrous) or not less than 43 % and not more than 45 % (hexahydrate) Description White, slightly hygroscopic granules or powder Identification Solubility Freely soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol Positive tests for sodium and for phosphate pH of a 1 % solution Between 9,1 and 10,2 Purity Loss on drying Anhydrous: Not more than 0,7 % (105 oC, one hour) Hexahydrate: Not more than 23,5 % (60 oC, one hour, followed by drying at 105 oC, four hours) Water-insoluble substances Not more than 0,1 % Higher polyphosphates Not more than 1 % Fluoride Not more than 10 mg/kg (expressed as fluorine) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 4 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

(ii) PENTAPOTASSIUM TRIPHOSPHATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Pentapotassium tripolyphosphate Potassium triphosphate Potassium tripolyphosphate Definition Chemical name Pentapotassium triphosphate Pentapotassium tripolyphosphate Einecs 237-574-9 Chemical formula K5O10P3 Molecular weight 448,42 Assay Content not less than 85 % on the anhydrous basis P2O5 content Not less than 46,5 % and not more than 48 % Description White, very hygroscopic powder or granules Identification Solubility Very soluble in water Positive tests for potassium and for phosphate pH of a 1 % solution Between 9,2 and 10,5 Purity Loss on ignition Not more than 0,4 % (after drying at 105 oC, four hours, followed by ignition at 550 oC, 30 minutes) Water-insoluble matter Not more than 2 % Fluoride Not more than 10 mg/kg (expressed as fluorine) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 4 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 452 (i) SODIUM POLYPHOSPHATE

1.A.B.C. SOLUBLE POLYPHOSPHATE Synonyms Sodium hexametaphosphate Sodium tetrapolyphosphate Graham's salt Sodium polyphosphates, glassy Sodium polymetaphosphate Sodium metaphosphate Definition Soluble sodium polyphosphates are obtained by fusion and subsequent chilling of sodium orthophosphates. These compounds are a class consisting of several amorphous, water-soluble polyphosphates composed of linear chains of metaphosphate units, (NaPO3)x where x ≥ 2, terminated by Na2PO4 groups. These substances are usually identified by their Na2O/P2O5 ratio or their P2O5 content. The Na2O/P2O5 ratios vary from about 1,3 for sodium tetrapolyphosphate, where x = approximately 4; to about 1,1 for Graham's salt, commonly called sodium hexametaphosphate, where x = 13 to 18; and to about 1,0 for the higher molecular weight sodium polyphosphates, where x = 20 to 100 or more. The pH of their solutions varies from 3,0 to 9,0 Chemical name Sodium polyphosphate Einecs 272-808-3 Chemical formula Heterogenous mixtures of sodium salts of linear condensed polyphosphoric acids of general formula H(n + 2)PnO(3n + 1) where n is not less than 2 Molecular weight (102)n Assay P2O5 content Not less than 60 % and not more than 71 % on the ignited basis Description Colourless or white, transparent platelets, granules, or powders Identification Solubility Very soluble in water Positive tests for sodium and for phosphate pH of a 1 % solution Between 3,0 and 9,0 Purity Loss on ignition Not more than 1 % Water-insoluble matter Not more than 0,1 % Fluoride Not more than 10 mg/kg (expressed as fluorine) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 4 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

2.A.B.C. INSOLUBLE POLYPHOSPHATE Synonyms Insoluble sodium metaphosphate Maddrell's salt Insoluble sodium polyphosphate, IMP Definition Insoluble sodium metaphosphate is a high molecular weight sodium polyphosphate composed of two long metaphosphate chains (NaPO3)x that spiral in opposite directions about a common axis. The Na2O/P2O5 ratio is about 1,0. The pH of 1 in 3 suspension in water is about 6,5 Chemical name Sodium polyphosphate Einecs 272-808-3 Chemical formula Heterogenous mixtures of sodium salts of linear condensed polyphosphoric acids of general formula H(n + 2)PnO(3n + 1) where n is not less than 2 Molecular weight (102)n P2O5 content Not less than 68,7 % and not more than 70,0 % Description White crystalline powder Identification Solubility Insoluble in water, soluble in mineral acids and in solutions of potassium and ammonium (but not sodium) chlorides Positive tests for sodium and for phosphate pH of 1 in 3 suspension in water About 6,5 Purity Fluoride Not more than 10 mg/kg (expressed as fluorine) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 4 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

(ii) POTASSIUM POLYPHOSPHATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Potassium metaphosphate Potassium polymetaphosphate Kurrol salt Definition Chemical name Potassium polyphosphate Einecs 232-212-6 Chemical formula (KPO3)n Heterogenous mixtures of potassium salts of linear condensed polyphosphoric acids of general formula H(n + 2)PnO(3n + 1) where n is not less than 2 Molecular weight (118)n P2O5 content Not less than 53,5 % and not more than 61,5 % on the ignited basis Description Fine white powder or crystals or colourless glassy platelets Identification Solubility 1 g dissolves in 100 ml of a 1 in 25 solution of sodium acetate Positive tests for potassium and for phosphate pH of a 1 % suspension Not more than 7,8 Purity Loss on ignition Not more than 2 % (105 oC, four hours followed by ignition at 550 oC, 30 minutes) Cyclic phosphate Not more than 8 % on P2O5 content Fluoride Not more than 10 mg/kg (expressed as fluorine) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 4 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 452(iii) SODIUM CALCIUM POLYPHOSPHATE A.B.

Synonym Sodium calcium polyphosphate, glassy Definition Chemical name Sodium calcium polyphosphate Einecs 233-782-9 Chemical formula (NaPO3)n CaO where n is typically 5 Assay Not less than 61 % and not more than 69 % as P2O5 Description White glassy crystals, spheres Identification pH of a 1 % m/m slurry Approximately 5 to 7 CaO content 7 %-15 % m/m Purity Fluoride Not more than 10 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 4 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 452 (iv) CALCIUM POLYPHOSPHATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Calcium metaphosphate Calcium polymetaphosphate Definition Chemical name Calcium polyphosphate Einecs 236-769-6 Chemical formula (CaP2O6)n Heterogenous mixtures of calcium salts of condensed polyphosphoric acids of general formula H(n + 2)PnO(n + 1) where n is not less than 2 Molecular weight (198)n P2O5 content Not less than 71 % and not more than 73 % on the ignited basis Description Odourless, colourless crystals or white powder Identification Solubility Usually sparingly soluble in water. Soluble in acid medium Positive tests for calcium and for phosphate CaO content 27 to 29,5 % Purity Loss on ignition Not more than 2 % (105 oC, four hours followed by ignition at 550 oC, 30 minutes) Cyclic phosphate Not more than 8 % on P2O5 content Fluoride Not more than 30 mg/kg (expressed as fluorine) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 4 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 459 BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN A.B.

Definition Beta-cyclodextrin is a non-reducing cyclic saccharide consisting of seven α-1,4-linked D-glucopyranosyl units. The product is manufactured by the action of the enzyme cycloglycosyltransferase (CGTase) obtained from Bacillus circulans, Paenibacillus macerans or recombinant Bacillus licheniformis strain SJ1608 on partially hydrolysed starch Chemical name Cycloheptaamylose Einecs 231-493-2 Chemical formula (C6H10O5)7 Molecular weight 1135 Assay Content not less than 98,0 % of (C6H10O5)7 on an anhydrous basis Description Virtually odourless white or almost white crystalline solid Identification Solubility Sparingly soluble in water; freely soluble in hot water; slightly soluble in ethanol Specific rotation [α]25D: + 160o to + 164o (1 % solution) Purity Water Not more than 14 % (Karl Fischer method) Other cyclodextrins Not more than 2 % on an anhydrous basis Residual solvents (toluene and trichloroethylene) Not more than 1 mg/kg for each solvent Sulphated ash Not more than 0,1 % Arsenic Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 460 (i) MICROCRISTALLINE CELLULOSE A.B.C.D.

Synonyms Cellulose gel Definition Microcrystalline cellulose is purified, partally depolymerised cellulose prepared by treating alpha-cellulose, obtained as a pulp from natural strains of fibrous plant material, with mineral acids. The degree of polymerisation is typically less than 400 Chemical name Cellulose Einecs 232-674-9 Chemical formula (C6H10O5)n Molecular weight About 36000 Assay Not less than 97 % calculated as cellulose on the anhydrous basis Description A fine white or almost white odourless powder Identification Solubility Insoluble in water, ethanol, ether and dilute mineral acids. Slightly soluble in sodium hydroxide solution Colour reaction To 1 mg of the sample, add 1 ml of phosphoric acid and heat on a water bath for 30 minutes. Add 4 ml of a 1 in 4 solution of pyrocatechol in phosphoric acid and heat for 30 minutes. A red colour is produced To be identified by IR spectroscopy Suspension test Mix 30 g of the sample with 270 ml of water in a high-speed (12000 rpm) power blender for 5 minutes. The resultant mixture will be either a free-following suspension or a heavy, lumpy suspension which flows poorly, if at all, settles only slightly and contains many trapped air bubbles. If a free-flowing suspension is obtained, transfer 100 ml into a 100-ml graduated cylinder and allow to stand for 1 hour. The solids settles and a supernatant liquid appears Purity Loss on drying Not more than 7 % (105 oC, 3 hours) Water-soluble matter Not more than 0,24 % Sulphated ash Not more than 0,5 % determined at 800 ± 25 oC pH of a 10 % suspension in water The pH of the supernatant liquid is between 5,0 and 7,5 Starch Not detectable To 20 ml of the dispersion obtained in identification, test D, add a few drops of iodine solution and mix. No purplish to blue or blue colour should be produced Particle size Not less than 5 μm (not more than 10 % of particles of less than 5 μm) Carboxyl groups Not more than 1 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

(ii) POWDERED CELLULOSE A.B.

Definition Purified, mechanically disintegrated celluslose prepared by processing alpha-cellulose obtained as a pulp from natural strains of fibrous plant materials Chemical name Cellulose Linear polymer of 1:4 linked glucose residues Einecs 232-674-9 Chemical formula (C6H10O5)n Molecular weight (162)n (n is predominantly 1000 and greater) Assay Content not less than 92 % Description A white, odourless powder Identification Solubility Insoluble in water, ethanol, ether and dilute mineral acids. Slightly soluble in sodium hydroxide solution Suspension test Mix 30 g of the sample with 270 ml of water in a high-speed (12000 rpm) power blender for 5 minutes. The resultant mixture will be either a free-flowing suspension or a heavy, lumpy suspension which flows poorly, if at all, settles only slightly and contains many trapped air bubbles. If a free-flowing suspension is obtained, transfer 100 ml into a 100-ml graduated cylinder and allow to stand for 1 hour. The solids settle and a supernatant liquid appears Purity Loss on drying Not more than 7 % (105 oC, 3 hours) Water-soluble matter Not more than 1,0 % Sulphated ash Not more than 0,3 % determined at 800 ± 25 oC pH of a 10 % suspension in water The pH of the supernatant liquid is between 5,0 and 7,5 Starch Not detectable To 20 ml of the dispersion obtained in identification, test B, add a few drops of iodine solution and mix. No purplish to blue or blue colour should be produced Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg Particle size Not less than 5 μm (not more than 10 % of particles of less than 5 μm)

E 461 METHYL CELLULOSE A.

Synonyms Cellulose methyl ether Definition Methyl cellulose is cellulose obtained directly from natural strains of fibrous plant material and partially etherified with methyl groups Chemical name Methyl ether of cellulose Chemical formula The polymers contain substituted anhydroglucose units with the following general formula: C6H7O2(OR1)(OR2)(OR3) where R1, R2, R3 each may be one of the following: Molecular weight From about 20000 to 380000 Assay Content not less than 25 % and not more than 33 % of methoxyl groups (-OCH3) and not more than 5 % of hydroxyethoxyl groups (-OCH2CH2OH) Description Slightly hygroscopic white or slightly yellowish or greyish odourless and tasteless, granular or fibrous powder Identification Solubility Swelling in water, producing a clear to opalescent, viscous, colloidal solution. Insoluble in ethanol, ether and chloroform. Soluble in glacial acetic acid Purity Loss on drying Not more than 10 % (105 oC, 3 hours) Sulphated ash Not more than 1,5 % determined at 800 ± 25 oC pH of a 1 % colloidal solution Not less than 5,0 and not more than 8,0 Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 20 mg/kg

CH3

or CH2CH3

E 462 ETHYL CELLULOSE A.B.

Synonyms Cellulose ethyl ether Definition Ethyl cellulose is cellulose obtained directly from fibrous plant material and partially etherified with ethyl groups Chemical name Ethyl ether of cellulose Chemical formula The polymers contain substituted anhydroglucose units with the following general formula: C6H7O2(OR1)(OR2) where R1 and R2 may be any of the following: Assay Content not less than 44 % and not more than 50 % of ethoxyl groups (-OC2H5) on the dried basis (equivalent to not more than 2,6 ethoxyl groups per anhydroglucose unit) Description Slightly hygroscopic white to off-white, odourless and tasteless powder Identification Solubility Practically insoluble in water, in glycerol and in propane-1,2-diol but soluble in varying proportions in certain organic solvents depending upon the ethoxyl content. Ethyl cellulose containing less than 46 to 48 % of ethoxyl groups is freely soluble in tetrahydrofuran, in methyl acetate, in chloroform and in aromatic hydrocarbon ethanol mixtures. Ethyl cellulose containing 46 to 48 % or more of ethoxyl groups is freely soluble in ethanol, in methanol, in toluene, in chloroform and in ethyl acetate Film forming test Dissolve 5 g of the sample in 95 g of an 80:20 (w/w) mixture of toluene ethanol. A clear, stable, slightly yellow solution is formed. Pour a few ml of the solution onto a glass plate and allow the solvent to evaporate. A thick, tough, continuous, clear film remains. The film is flammable Purity Loss on drying Not more than 3 % (105 oC, 2 hours) Sulphated ash Not more than 0,4 % pH of a 1 % colloidal solution Neutral to litmus Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg

CH2CH3

E 463 HYDROXYPROPYL CELLULOSE A.B.

Synonyms Cellulose hydroxypropyl ether Definition Hydroxypropylcellulose is cellulose obtained directly from natural strains of fibrous plant material and partially etherified with hydroxypropyl groups Chemical name Hydroxypropyl ether of cellulose Chemical formula The polymers contain substituted anhydroglucose units with the following general formula: C6H7O2(OR1)(OR2)(OR3), where R1, R2, R3 each may be one of the following: Molecular weight From about 30000 to 1000000 Assay Content not less than 80,5 % of hydroxypropoxyl groups (-OCH2CHOHCH3) equivalent to not more than 4,6 hydroxypropyl groups per anhydroglucose unit on the anhydrous basis Description Slightly hygroscopic white or slightly yellowish or greyish odourless and tasteless, granular or fibrous powder Identification Solubility Swelling in water, producing a clear to opalescent, viscous, colloidal solution. Soluble in ethanol. Insoluble in ether Gas chromatography Determine the substituents by gas chromotography Purity Loss on drying Not more than 10 % (105 oC, 3 hours) Sulphated ash Not more than 0,5 % determined at 800 ± 25 oC pH of a 1 % colloidal solution Not less than 5,0 and not more than 8,0 Propylene chlorohydrins Not more than 0,1 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 20 mg/kg

CH2CHOHCH3

CH2CHO(CH2CHOHCH3)CH3

CH2CHO[CH2CHO(CH2CHOHCH3)CH3]CH3

E 464 HYDROXYPROPYL METHYL CELLULOSE A.B.

Definition Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose is cellulose obtained directly from natural strains of fibrous plant material and partially etherified with methyl groups and containing a small degree of hydroxypropyl substitution Chemical name 2-Hydroxypropyl ether of methylcellulose Chemical formula The polymers contain substituted anhydroglucose units with the following general formula: C6H7O2(OR1)(OR2)(OR3), where R1, R2 R3 each may be one of the following: Molecular weight From about 13000 to 200000 Assay Content not less than 19 % and not more than 30 % methoxyl groups (-OCH3) and not less than 3 % and not more than 12 % hydroxypropoxyl groups (-OCH2CHOHCH3), on the anhydrous basis Description Slightly hygroscopic white or slightly yellowish or greyish odourless and tasteless, granular or fibrous powder Identification Solubility Swelling in water, producing a clear to opalescent, viscous, colloidal solution. Insoluble in ethanol Gas chromatography Determine the substituents by gas chromatography Purity Loss on drying Not more than 10 % (105 oC, 3 hours) Sulphated ash Not more than 1,5 % for products with viscosities of 50 mPa.s or above Not more than 3 % for products with viscosities below 50 mPa.s pH of a 1 % colloidal solution Not less than 5,0 and not more than 8,0 Propylene chlorohydrins Not more than 0,1 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 20 mg/kg

CH3

CH2CHOHCH3

CH2CHO (CH2CHOHCH3) CH3

CH2CHO[CH2CHO (CH2CHOHCH3) CH3]CH3

E 465 ETHYL METHYL CELLULOSE A.

Synonyms Methylethylcellulose Definition Ethyl methyl cellulose is cellulose obtained directly from natural strains of fibrous plant material and partially etherified with methyl and ethyl groups Chemical name Ethyl methyl ether of cellulose Chemical formula The polymers contain substituted anhydroglucose units with the following general formula: C6H7O2(OR1)(OR2)(OR3), where R1, R2 R3 each may be one of the following: Molecular weight From about 30000 to 40000 Assay Content on the anhydrous basis not less than 3,5 % and not more than 6,5 % of methoxyl groups (-OCH3) and not less than 14,5 % and not more than 19 % of ethoxyl groups (-OCH2CH3), and not less than 13,2 % and not more than 19,6 % of total alkoxyl groups, calculated as methoxyl Description Slightly hygroscopic white or slightly yellowish or greyish odourless and tasteless, granular or fibrous powder Identification Solubility Swelling in water, producing a clear to opalescent, viscous, colloidal solution. Soluble in ethanol. Insoluble in ether Purity Loss on drying Not more than 15 % for the fibrous form, and not more than 10 % for the powdered form (105 oC to constant weight) Sulphated ash Not more than 0,6 % pH of a 1 % colloidal solution Not less than 5,0 and not more than 8,0 Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 20 mg/kg

CH3

CH2CH3

E 466 SODIUM CARBOXY METHYL CELLULOSE A.B.C.D.

Synonyms Carboxy methyl cellulose CMC NaCMC Sodium CMC Cellulose gum Definition Carboxy methyl cellulose is the partial sodium salt of a carboxymethyl ether of cellulose, the cellulose being obtained directly from natural strains of fibrous plant material Chemical name Sodium salt of the carboxymethyl ether of cellulose Chemical formula The polymers contain substituted anhydroglucose units with the following general formula: C6H7O2(OR1)(OR2)(OR3), where R1, R2 R3 each may be one of the following: Molecular weight Higher than approximately 17000 (degree of polymerisation approximately 100) Assay Content on the anhydrous basis not less than 99,5 % Description Slightly hygroscopic white or slightly yellowish or greyish odourless and tasteless, granular or fibrous powder Identification Solubility Yields a viscous colloidal solution with water. Insoluble in ethanol Foam test A 0,1 % solution of the sample is shaken vigorously. No layer of foam appears. (This test permits the distinction of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose from other cellulose ethers) Precipitate formation To 5 ml of a 0,5 % solution of the sample, add 5 ml of 5 % solution of copper sulphate or of aluminium sulphate. A precipitate appears. (This test permits the distinction of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose from other cellulose ethers and from gelatine, locust bean gum and tragacanth) Colour reaction Add 0,5 g powdered carboxy methyl cellulose sodium to 50 ml of water, while stirring to produce an uniform dispersion. Continue the stirring until a clear solution is produced, and use the solution for the following test: To 1 mg of the sample, diluted with an equal volume of water, in a small test tube, add 5 drops of 1-naphthol solution. Incline the test tube, and carefully introduce down the side of the tube 2 ml of sulphuric acid so that it forms a lower layer. A red-purple colour develops at the interface Purity Degree of substitution Not less than 0,2 and not more than 1,5 carboxymethyl groups (-CH2COOH) per anhydroglucose unit Loss on drying Not more than 12 % (105 oC to constant weight) pH of a 1 % colloidal solution Not less than 5,0 and not more than 8,5 Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 20 mg/kg Total glycolate Not more than 0,4 %, calculated as sodium glycolate on the anhydrous basis Sodium Not more than 12,4 % on the anhydrous basis

CH2COONa

CH2COOH

E 468 CROSS-LINKED SODIUM CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE

Synonyms Cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose Cross-linked CMC Cross-linked sodium CMC Cross-linked cellulose gum Definition Cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is the sodium salt of thermally cross-linked partly O-carboxymethylated cellulose Chemical name Sodium salt of the cross-linked carboxymethyl ether cellulose Chemical formula The polymers containing substituted anhydroglucose units with the general formula: C6H7O2(OR1)(OR2)(OR3) where R1, R2 and R3 may be any of the following: Description Slightly hygroscopic, white to off white, odourless powder Identification A. Shake 1 g with 100 ml of a solution containing 4 mg/kg methylene blue and allow to settle. The substance to be examined absorbs the methylene blue and settles as a blue, fibrous mass B. Shake 1 g with 50 ml of water. Transfer 1 ml of the mixture to a test tube, add 1 ml water and 0,05 ml of freshly prepared 40 g/l solution of alpha-naphthol in methanol. Incline the test tube and add carefully 2 ml of sulphuric acid down the side so that it forms a lower layer. A reddish-violet colour develops at the interface C. It gives the reaction of sodium Purity Loss on drying Not more than 6 % (105 oC, 3h) Water solubles Not more than 10 % Degree of substitution Not less than 0,2 and not more than 1,5 carboxymethyl groups per anhydroglucose unit pH of 1 % Not less than 5,0 and not more than 7,0 Sodium content Not more than 12,4 % on anhydrous basis Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

CH2COONa

CH2COOH

E 469 ENZYMATICALLY HYDROLYSED CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE A.B.C.D.E.

Synonyms Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, enzymatically hydrolysed Definition Enzymatically hydrolysed carboxymethylcellulose is obtained from carboxymethylcellulose by enzymatic digestion with a cellulase produced by Trichoderma longibrachiatum (formerly T. reesei) Chemical name Carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium, partially enzymatically hydrolysed Chemical formula Sodium salts of polymers containing substituted anhydroglucose units with the general formula: [C6H7O2(OH)x(OCH2COONa)y]n where n is the degree of polymerisation x = 1,50 to 2,80 y = 0,2 to 1,50 x + y = 3,0 (y = degree of substitution) Formula weight 178,14 where y = 0,20 282,18 where y = 1,50 Macromolecules: Not less than 800 (n about 4) Assay Not less than 99,5 %, including mono- and disaccharides, on the dried basis Description White or slightly yellowish or greyish, odourless, slightly hygroscopic granular or fibrous powder Identification Solubility Soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol Foam test Vigorously shake a 0,1 % solution of the sample. No layer of foam appears. This test distinguishes sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, whether hydrolysed or not, from other cellulose ethers and from alginates and natural gums Precipitate formation To 5 ml of a 0,5 % solution of the sample add 5 ml of a 5 % solution of copper or aluminium sulphate. A precipitate appears. This test distinguishes sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, whether hydrolysed or not, from other cellulose ethers and from gelatine, carob bean gum and tragacanth gum Colour reaction Add 0,5 g of the powdered sample to 50 ml of water, while stirring to produce a uniform dispersion. Continue the stirring until a clear solution is produced. Dilute 1 ml of the solution with 1 ml of water in a small test tube. Add 5 drops of 1-naphthol TS. Incline the tube, and carefully introduce down the side of the tube 2 ml of sulphuric acid so that it forms a lower layer. A red-purple colour develops at the interface Viscosity (60 % solids) Not less than 2,500 kgm-1s-1 at 25 oC corresponding to an average molecule weight of 5000 D Purity Loss on drying Not more than 12 % (105 oC to constant weight) Degree of substitution Not less than 0,2 and not more than 1,5 carboxymethyl groups per anhydroglucose unit on the dried basis pH of a 1 % colloidal solution Not less than 6,0 and not more than 8,5 Sodium chloride and sodium glycolate Not more than 0,5 % singly or in combination Residual enzyme activity Passes test. No change in viscosity of test solution occurs, which indicates hydrolysis of the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Lead Not more than 3 mg/kg

E 470a SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND CALCIUM SALTS OF FATTY ACIDS A.B.

Definition Sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids occurring in food oils and fats, these salts being obtained either from edible fats and oils or from distilled food fatty acids Assay Content on the anhydrous basis not less than 95 % Description White or creamy white light powders, flakes or semi-solids Identification Solubility Sodium and potassium salts: soluble in water and ethanol calcium salts: insoluble in water, ethanol and ether Positive tests for cations and for fatty acids Purity Sodium Not less than 9 % and not more than 14 % expressed as Na2O Potassium Not less than 13 % and not more than 21,5 % expressed as K2O Calcium Not less than 8,5 % and not more than 13 % expressed as CaO Unsaponifiable matter Not more than 2 % Free fatty acids Not more than 3 % estimated as oleic acid Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg Free alkali Not more than 0,1 % expressed as NaOH Matter insoluble in alcohol Not more than 0,2 % (sodium and potassium salts only)

E 470b MAGNESIUM SALTS OF FATTY ACIDS A.B.

Definition Magnesium salts of fatty acids occurring in foods oils and fats, these salts being obtained either from edible fats and oils or from distilled food fatty acids Assay Content on the anhydrous basis not less than 95 % Description White or creamy-white light powders, flakes or semi-solids Identification Solubility Insoluble in water, partially soluble in ethanol and ether Positive tests for magnesium and for fatty acids Purity Magnesium Not less than 6,5 % and not more than 11 % expressed as MgO Free alkali Not more than 0,1 % expressed as MgO Unsaponifiable matter Not more than 2 % Free fatty acids Not more than 3 % estimated as oleic acid Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 471 MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS Note:A.B.C.

Purity criteria apply to the additive free of sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids, however these substances may be present up to a maximum level of 6 % (expressed as sodium oleate). Synonyms Glyceryl monostearate Glyceryl monopalmitate Glyceryl monooleate, etc. Monostearin, monopalmitin, monoolein, etc. GMS (for glyceryl monostearate) Definition Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids consist of mixtures of glycerol mono-, di- and triesters of fatty acids occurring in food oils and fats. They may contain small amounts of free fatty acids and glycerol Assay Content of mono- and diesters: not less than 70 % Description The product varies from a pale yellow to pale brown oily liquid to a white or slightly off-white hard waxy solid. The solids may be in the form of flakes, powders or small beads Identification Infrared spectrum Characteristic of a partial fatty acid ester of a polyol Positive tests for glycerol and for fatty acids Solubility Insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol and toluene Purity Water content Not more than 2 % (Karl Fischer method) Acid value Not more than 6 Free glycerol Not more than 7 % Polyglycerols Not more than 4 % diglycerol and not more than 1 % higher polyglycerols both based on total glycerol content Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg Total glycerol Not less than 16 % and not more than 33 % Sulphated ash Not more than 0,5 % determined at 800 ± 25 oC

E 472 a ACETIC ACID ESTERS OF MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS Note:A.B.

Purity criteria apply to the additive free of sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids, however these substances may be present up to a maximum level of 6 % (expressed as sodium oleate). Synonyms Acetic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides Acetoglycerides Acetylated mono- and diglycerides Acetic and fatty acid esters of glycerol Definition Esters of glycerol with acetic and fatty acids occurring in food fats and oils. They may contain small amounts of free glycerol, free fatty acids, free acetic acid and free glycerides Description Clear, mobile liquids to solids, from white to pale yellow in colour Identification Positive tests for glycerol, for fatty acids and for acetic acid Solubility Insoluble in water. Soluble in ethanol Purity Acids other than acetic and fatty acids Not detectable Free glycerol Not more than 2 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg Total acetic acid Not less than 9 % and not more than 32 % Free fatty acids (and acetic acid) Not more than 3 % estimated as oleic acid Total glycerol Not less than 14 % and not more than 31 % Sulphated ash Not more than 0,5 % determined at 800 ± 25 oC

E 472 b LACTIC ACID ESTERS OF MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS Note:A.B.

Purity criteria apply to the additive free of sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids, however these substances may be present up to a maximum level of 6 % (expressed as sodium oleate). Synonyms Lactic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides Lactoglycerides Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids esterified with lactic acid Definition Esters of glycerol with lactic acid and fatty acids occurring in food fats and oils. They may contain small amounts of free glycerol, free fatty acids, free lactic acid and free glycerides Description Clear, mobile liquids to waxy solids of variable consistency, from white to pale yellow in colour Identification Positive tests for glycerol, for fatty acids and for lactic acid Solubility Insoluble in cold water but dispersible in hot water Purity Acids other than lactic and fatty acids Not detectable Free glycerol Not more than 2 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg Total lactic acid Not less than 13 % and not more than 45 % Free fatty acids (and lactic acid) Not more than 3 % estimated as oleic acid Total glycerol Not less than 13 % and not more than 30 % Sulphated ash Not more than 0,5 % determined at 800 ± 25 oC

E 472 c CITRIC ACID ESTERS OF MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS Note:A.B.

Purity criteria apply to the additive free of sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids, however, these substances may be present up to a maximum level of 6 % (expressed as sodium oleate). Synonyms Citrem Citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides Citroglycerides Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids esterified with citric acid Definition Esters of glycerol with citric acid and fatty acids occurring in food oils and fats. They may contain small amounts of free glycerol, free fatty acids, free citric acid and free glycerides. They may be partially or wholly neutralised with sodium hydroxide or with potassium hydroxide Description Yellowish or light brown liquids to waxy solids or semi-solids Identification Positive tests for glycerol, for fatty acids and for citric acid Solubility Insoluble in cold water Dispersible in hot water Soluble in oils and fats Insoluble in cold ethanol Purity Acids other than citric and fatty acids Not detectable Free glycerol Not more than 2 % Total glycerol Not less than 8 % and not more than 33 % Total citric acid Not less than 13 % and not more than 50 % Sulphated ash (determined at 800 ± 25 oC) Non-neutralised products: not more than 0,5 % Partially or wholly neutralised products: not more than 10 % Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg Free fatty acids Not more than 3 % estimated as oleic acid

E 472 d TARTARIC ACID ESTERS OF MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS Note:A.

Purity criteria apply to the additive free of sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids, however these substances may be present up to a maximum level of 6 % (expressed as sodium oleate). Synonyms Tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids esterified with tartaric acid Definition Esters of glycerol with tartaric acid and fatty acids occurring in food fats and oils. They may contain small amounts of free glycerol, free fatty acids, free tartaric acid and free glycerides Description Sticky viscous yellowish liquids to hard yellow waxes Identification Positive tests for glycerol, for fatty acids and for tartaric acid Purity Acids other than tartaric and fatty acids Not detectable Free glycerol Not more than 2 % Total glycerol Not less than 12 % and not more than 29 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg Total tartaric acid Not less than 15 % and not more than 50 % Free fatty acids Not more than 3 % estimated as oleic acid Sulphated ash Not more than 0,5 % determined at 800 ± 25 oC

E 472 e MONO- AND DIACETYLTARTARIC ACID ESTERS OF MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS Note:A.

Purity criteria apply to the additive free of sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids, however these substances may be present up to a maximum level of 6 % (expressed as sodium oleate). Synonyms Diacetyltartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides Mono-and diglycerides of fatty acids esterified with mono- and diacetyltartaric acid Diacetyltartaric and fatty acid esters of glycerol Definition Mixted esters of glycerol with mono- and diacetyltartaric acids (obtained from tartaric acid) and fatty acids occurring in food fats and oils. They may contain small amounts of free glycerol, free fatty acids, free tartaric and acetic acids and their combinations, and free glycerides. Contains also tartaric and acetic esters of fatty acids Description Sticky viscous liquids through a fat-like consistency to yellow waxes which hydrolyse in moist air to liberate acetic acid Identification Positive tests for glycerol, for fatty acids, for tartaric acid and for acetic acid Purity Acids other than acetic, tartaric and fatty acids Not detectable Free glycerol Not more than 2 % Total glycerol Not less than 11 % and not more than 28 % Sulphated ash Not more than 0,5 % determined at 800 ± 25 oC Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg Total tartaric acid Not less than 10 % and not more than 40 % Total acetic acid Not less than 8 % and not more than 32 % Free fatty acids Not more than 3 % estimated as oleic acid

E 472 f MIXED ACETIC AND TARTARIC ACID ESTERS OF MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS Note:A.

Purity criteria apply to the additive free of sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids, however these substances may be present up to a maximum level of 6 % (expressed as sodium oleate). Synonyms Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids esterified with acetic acid and tartaric acid Definition Esters of glycerol with acetic and tartaric acids and fatty acids occurring in food fats and oils. They may contain small amounts of free glycerol, free fatty acids, free tartaric and ecetic acids, and free glycerides. May contain mono- and diacetyltartaric esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids Description Sticky liquids to solids, from white to pale-yellow in colour Identification Positive tests for glycerol, for fatty acids, for tartaric acid and for acetic acid Purity Acids other than acetic, tartaric and fatty acids Not detectable Free glycerol Not more than 2 % Total glycerol Not less than 12 % and not more than 27 % Sulphated ash Not more than 0,5 % determined at 800 ± 25 oC Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg Total acetic acid Not less than 10 % and not more than 20 % Total tartaric acid Not less than 20 % and not more than 40 % Free fatty acids Not more than 3 % estimated as oleic acid

E 473 SUCROSE ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS Note:A.B.

Purity criteria apply to the additive free of sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids, however these substances may be present up to a maximum level of 6 % (expressed as sodium oleate). Synonyms Sucroesters Sugar esters Definition Essentially the mono-, di- and triesters of sucrose with fatty acids occurring in food fats and oils. They may be prepared from sucrose and the methyl and ethyl esters of food fatty acids or by extraction from sucroglycerides. No organic solvent other than dimethylsulphoxide, dimethylformamide, ethyl acetate, propane-2-ol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, propylene glycol and methyl ethyl ketone may be used for their preparation Assay Content not less than 80 % Description Stiff gels, soft solids or white to slightly greyish-white powders Identification Positive tests for sugar for fatty acids Solubility Sparingly soluble in water Soluble in ethanol Purity Sulphated ash Not more than 2 % determined at 800 ± 25 oC Free sugar Not more than 5 % Free fatty acids Not more than 3 % estimated as oleic acid Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg Methanol Not more than 10 mg/kg Dimethylsulphoxide Not more than 2 mg/kg Dimethylformamide Not more than 1 mg/kg 2-methyl-1-propanol Not more than 10 mg/kg Ethylacetate Not more than 350 mg/kg, singly or in combination Propane-2-ol Prolyleneglycol Methyl ethyl ketone Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 474 SUCROGLYCERIDES Note:A.B.

Purity criteria apply to the additive free of sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids, however these substances may be present up to a maximum level of 6 % (expressed as sodium oleate). Synonyms Sugar glycerides Definition Sucroglycerides are produced by reacting sucrose with an edible fat or oil to produce a mixture of essentially mono-, di- and triesters of sucrose and fatty acids together with residual mono-, di- and triglycerides from fat or oil. No organic solvents shall be used in their preparation other than cyclohexane, dimethylformamide, ethyl acetate, 2-methyl-1-propanol and propane-2-ol Assay Content not less than 40 % and not more than 60 % of sucrose fatty acid esters Description Soft solid masses, stiff gels or white to off-white powders Identification Positive tests for sugar and for fatty acids Solubility Insoluble in cold water Soluble in ethanol Purity Sulphated ash Not more than 2 % determined at 800 ± 25 oC Free sugar Not more than 5 % Free fatty acids Not more than 3 % estimated as oleic acid Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg Methanol Not more than 10 mg/kg Dimethylformamide Not more than 1 mg/kg 2-methyl-1-propanol Not more than 10 mg/kg, single or in combination Cyclohexane Ethylacetate Not more than 350 mg/kg, single or in combination Propane-2-ol

E 475 POLYGLYCEROL ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS Note:A.B.

Purity criteria apply to the additive free of sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids, however these substances may be present up to a maximum level of 6 % (expressed as sodium oleate). Synonyms Polyglycerol fatty acid esters Polyglycerin esters of fatty acid esters Definition Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids are produced by the esterification of polyglycerol with food fats and oils or with fatty acids occurring in foods fats and oils. The polyglycerol moiety is predominantly di-, tri- and tetraglycerol and contains not more than 10 % of polyglycerols equal to or higher than heptaglycerol Assay Content of total fatty acid ester not less than 90 % Description Light yellow to amber, oily to very viscous liquids; light tan to medium brown, plastic or soft solids; and light tan to brown, hard, waxy solids Identification Positive tests for glycerol, for polyglycerols and for fatty acids Solubility The esters range from very hydrophilic to very lipophilic, but as a class tend to be dispersible in water and soluble in organic solvents and oils Purity Sulphated ash Not more than 0,5 % determined at 800 ± 25 oC Acids other than fatty acids Not detectable Free fatty acids Not more than 6 % estimated as oleic acid Total glycerol and polyglycerol Not less than 18 % and not more than 60 % Free glycerol and polyglycerol Not more than 7 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 476 POLYGLYCEROL POLYRICINOLEATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Glycerol esters of condensed castor oil fatty acids Polyglycerol esters of polycondensed fatty acids from castor oil Polyglycerol esters of interesterified ricinoleic acid PGPR Definition Polyglycerol polyricinoleate is prepared by the esterification of polyglycerol with condensed castor oil fatty acids Description Clear, highly viscous liquid Identification Solubility Insoluble in water and in ethanol. Soluble in ether, hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons Positive tests for glycerol, polyglycerol and for ricinoleic acid Refractive index [n]65 Between 1,4630 and 1,4665 Purity Polyglycerols The polyglycerol moiety shall be composed of not less than 75 % of di-, tri- and tetraglycerols and shall contain not more than 10 % of polyglycerols equal to or higher than heptaglycerol Hydroxyl value Not less than 80 and not more than 100 Acid value Not more than 6 Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 477 PROPANE-1,2-DIOL ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS Note:A.

Purity criteria apply to the additive free of sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids, however these substances may be present up to a maximum level of 6 % (expressed as sodium oleate). Synonyms Propylene glycol esters of fatty acids Definition Consists of mixtures of propane-1,2-diol mono- and diesters of fatty acids occurring in food fats and oils. The alcohol moiety is exclusively propane-1,2-diol together with dimer and traces of trimer. Organic acids other than food fatty acids are absent Assay Content of total fatty acid ester not less than 85 % Description Clear liquids or waxy white flakes, beads or solids having a bland odour Identification Positive tests for propylene glycol and for fatty acids Purity Sulphated ash Not more than 0,5 % determined at 800 ± 25 oC Acids other than fatty acids Not detectable Free fatty acids Not more than 6 % estimated as oleic acid Total propane-1,2-diol Not less than 11 % and not more than 31 % Free propane-1,2-diol Not more than 5 % Dimer and trimer of propylene glycol Not more than 0,5 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 479 b THERMALLY OXIDISED SOYA BEAN OIL INTERACTED WITH MONO- AND DIGLYCERIDES OF FATTY ACIDS A.

Synonyms TOSOM Definition Thermally oxidised soya bean oil interacted with mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids is a complex mixture of esters of glycerol and fatty acids found in edible fat and fatty acids from thermally oxidised soya bean oil. It is produced by interaction and desodorisation under vacuum at 130 oC of 10 % of thermally oxidised soya bean oil and 90 % mono- and diglycerides of food fatty acids. Soya bean oil is exclusively made from natural strains of soya beans Description Pale yellow to light brown a waxy or solid consistency Identification Solubility Insoluble in water. Soluble in hot oil or fat Purity Melting range 55-65 oC Free fatty acids Not more than 1,5 % estimated as oleic acid Free glycerol Not more than 2 % Total fatty acids 83-90 % Total glycerol 16-22 % Fatty acid methyl esters, not forming adduct with urea Not more than 9 % of total fatty acid methyl esters Fatty acids, insoluble in petroleum ether Not more than 2 % of total fatty acids Peroxide value Not more than 3 Epoxides Not more than 0,03 % oxirane oxygen Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 481 SODIUM STEAROYL-2-LACTYLATE A.B.

Synonyms Sodium stearoyl lactylate Sodium stearoyl lactate Definition A mixture of the sodium salts of stearoyl lactylic acids and its polymers and minor amounts of sodium salts of other related acids, manufactured by the reaction of stearic acid and lactic acid. Other food fatty acids may also be present, free or esterified, due to their presence in the stearic acid used Chemical names Sodium di-2-stearoyl lactate Sodium di(2-stearoyloxy)propionate Einecs 246-929-7 Chemical formula (major components) C21H39O4Na C19H35O4Na Description White or slightly yellowish powder or brittle solid with a characteristic odour Identification Positive tests for sodium, for fatty acids and for lactic acid Solubility Insoluble in water. Soluble in ethanol Purity Sodium Not less than 2,5 % and not more than 5 % Ester value Not less than 90 and not more than 190 Acid value Not less than 60 and not more than 130 Total lactic acid Not less than 15 % and not more than 40 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 482 CALCIUM STEAROYL-2-LACTYLATE A.B.

Synonyms Calcium stearoyl lactate Definition A mixture of the calcium salts of stearoyl lactylic acids and its polymers and minor amounts of calcium salts of other related acids, manufactured by the reaction of stearic acid and lactic acid. Other food fatty acids may also be present, free or esterified, due to their presence in the stearic acid used Chemical name Calcium di-2-stearoyl lactate Calcium di(2-stearoyloxy)propionate Einecs 227-335-7 Chemical formula C42H78O8Ca C38H70O8Ca Description White or slightly yellowish powder or brittle solid with a characteristic odour Identification Positive tests for calcium, for fatty acids and for lactid acid Solubility Slightly soluble in hot water Purity Calcium Not less than 1 % and not more than 5,2 % Ester value Not less than 125 and not more than 190 Total lactic acid Not less than 15 % and not more than 40 % Acid value Not less than 50 and not more than 130 Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 483 STEARYL TARTRATE A.B.

Synonyms Stearyl palmityl tartrate Definition Product of the esterification of tartaric acid with commercial stearyl alcohol, which consists essentially of stearyl and palmityl alcohols. It consists mainly of diester, with minor amounts of monoester and of unchanged starting materials Chemical name Distearyl tartrate Dipalmityl tartrate Chemical formula C38H74O6 to C40H78O6 Molecular weight 627 to 655 Assay Content of total ester not less than 90 % corresponding to an ester value of not less than 163 and not more than 180 Description Cream-coloured unctuous solid (at 25 oC) Identification Positive tests for tartare Melting range Between 67 oC and 77 oC. After saponification the saturated long chain fatty alcohols have a melting range of 49 oC to 55 oC Purity Hydroxyl value Not less than 200 and not more than 220 Acid value Not more than 5,6 Total tartaric acid content Not less than 18 % and not more than 35 % Sulphated ash Not more than 0,5 % determined at 800 ± 25 oC Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg Unsaponifiable matter Not less than 77 % and not more than 83 % Iodine value Not more than 4 (Wijs method)

E 491 SORBITAN MONOSTEARATE A.B.C.

Definition A mixture of the partial esters of sorbitol and its anhydrides with edible, commercial stearic acid Einecs 215-664-9 Assay Content not less than 95 % of a mixture of sorbitol, sorbitan, and isosorbide esters Description Light, cream- to tan-coloured beads or flakes or a hard, waxy solid with a slight characteristic odour Identification Solubility Soluble at temperatures above its melting point in toluene, dioxane, carbon tetrachloride, ether, methanol, ethanol and aniline; insoluble in petroleum ether and acetone; insoluble in cold water but dispersible in warm water; soluble with haze at temperatures above 50 oC in mineral oil and ethyl acetate Congealing range 50-52 oC Infrared absorption spectrum Characteristic of a partial fatty acid ester of a polyol Purity Water Not more than 2 % (Karl Fischer method) Sulphated ash Not more than 0,5 % Acid value Not more than 10 Saponification value Not less than 147 and not more than 157 Hydroxyl value Not less than 235 and not more than 260 Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 492 SORBITAN TRISTEARATE A.B.C.

Definition A mixture of the partial esters of sorbitol and its anhydrides with edible, commercial stearic acid Einecs 247-891-4 Assay Content not less than 95 % of a mixture of sorbitol, sorbitan, and isosorbide esters Description Light, cream- to tan-coloured beads or flakes or hard, waxy solid with a slight odour Identification Solubility Slightly soluble in toluene, ether, carbon tetrachloride and ethyl acetate; dispersible in petroleum ether, mineral oil, vegetable oils, acetone and dioxane; insoluble in water, methanol and ethanol Congealing range 47-50 oC Infrared absorption spectrum Characteristic of a partial fatty acid ester of a polyol Purity Water Not more than 2 % (Karl Fischer method) Sulphated ash Not more than 0,5 % Acid value Not more than 15 Saponification value Not less than 176 and not more than 188 Hydroxyl value Not less than 66 and not more than 80 Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 493 SORBITAN MONOLAURATE A.B.

Definition A mixture of the partial esters of sorbitol and its anhydrides with edible, commercial lauric acid Einecs 215-663-3 Assay Content not less than 95 % of a mixture of sorbitol, sorbitan, and isosorbide esters Description Amber-coloured oily viscous liquid, light cream to tan-coloured beads or flakes or a hard, waxy solid with a slight odour Identification Solubility Dispersible in hot and cold water Infrared absorption spectrum Characteristic of a partial fatty acid ester of a polyol Purity Water Not more than 2 % (Karl Fischer method) Sulphated ash Not more than 0,5 % Acid value Not more than 7 Saponification value Not less than 155 and not more than 170 Hydroxyl value Not less than 330 and not more than 358 Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 494 SORBITAN MONOOLEATE A.B.

Definition A mixture of the partial esters of sorbitol and its anhydrides with edible, commercial oleic acid. Major constituent is 1,4-sorbitan monooleate. Other constituents include isosorbide monooleate, sorbitan dioleate and sorbitan trioleate Einecs 215-665-4 Assay Content not less than 95 % of a mixture of sorbitol, sorbitan and isosorbide esters Description Amber-coloured viscous liquid, light cream to tan-coloured beads or flakes or a hard, waxy solid with a slight characteristic odour Identification Solubility Soluble at temperatures above its melting point in ethanol, ether, ethyl acetate, aniline, toluene, dioxane, petroleum ether and carbon tetrachloride. Insoluble in cold water, dispersible in warm water Iodine value The residue of oleic acid, obtained from the saponification of the sorbitan monoleate in assay, has a iodine value between 80 and 100 Purity Water Not more than 2 % (Karl Fischer method) Sulphated ash Not more than 0,5 % Acid value Not more than 8 Saponification value Not less than 145 and not more than 160 Hydroxyl value Not less than 193 and not more than 210 Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 495 SORBITAN MONOPALMITATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Sorbitan palmitate Definition A mixture of the partial esters of sorbitol and its anhydrides with edible, commercial palmitic acid Einecs 247-568-8 Assay Content not less than 95 % of a mixture of sorbitol, sorbitan, and isosorbide esters Description Light cream to tan-coloured beads or flakes or a hard, waxy solid with a slight characteristic odour Identification Solubility Soluble at temperatures above its melting point in ethanol, methanol, ether, ethyl acetate, aniline, toluene, dioxane, petroleum ether and carbon tetrachloride. Insoluble in cold water but dispersible in warm water Congealing range 45-47 oC Infrared absorption spectrum Characteristic of a partial fatty acid ester of polyol Purity Water Not more than 2 % (Karl Fischer method) Sulphate ash Not more than 0,5 % Acid value Not more than 7,5 Saponification value Not less than 140 and not more than 150 Hydroxyl value Not less than 270 and not more than 305 Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 500(i) SODIUM CARBONATE A.B.

Synonyms Soda ash Definition Chemical name Sodium carbonate Einecs 207-838-8 Chemical formula Na2CO3 · nH2O (n = 0, 1 or 10) Molecular weight 106,00 (anhydrous) Assay Content not less than 99 % of Na2CO3 on the anhydrous basis Description Colourless crystals or white, granular or crystalline powder The anhydrous form is hygroscopic, the decahydrate efflorescent Identification Positive tests for sodium and for carbonate Solubility Freely soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol Purity Loss on drying Not more than 2 % (anhydrous), 15 % (monohydrate) or 55 %-65 % (decahydrate) (70 oC raising gradually to 300 oC, to constant weight) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 500(ii) SODIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Sodium bicarbonate, sodium acid carbonate, bicarbonate of soda, baking soda Definition Chemical name Sodium hydrogen carbonate Einecs 205-633-8 Chemical formula NaHCO3 Molecular weight 84,01 Assay Content not less than 99 % on the anhydrous basis Description Colourless or white crystalline masses or crystalline powder Identification Positive tests for sodium and for carbonate pH of a 1 % solution Between 8,0 and 8,6 Solubility Soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol Purity Loss on drying Not more than 0,25 % (over silica gel, 4h) Ammonium salts No odour of ammonia detectable after heating Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 500(iii) SODIUM SESQUICARBONATE A.B.

Definition Chemical name Sodium monohydrogen dicarbonate Einecs 208-580-9 Chemical formula Na2(CO)3 · NaHCO3 · 2H2O Molecular weight 226,03 Assay Content between 35,0 % and 38,6 % of NaHCO3 and between 46,4 % and 50,0 % of Na2CO3 Description White flakes, crystals or crystalline powder Identification Positive tests for sodium and for carbonate Solubility Freely soluble in water Purity Sodium chloride Not more than 0,5 % Iron Not more than 20 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 501(i) POTASSIUM CARBONATE A.B.

Definition Chemical name Potassium carbonate Einecs 209-529-3 Chemical formula K2CO3 · nH2O (n = 0 or 1,5) Molecular weight 138,21 (anhydrous) Assay Content not less than 99,0 % on the anhydrous basis Description White, very deliquescent powder. The hydrate occurs as small, white, translucent crystals or granules Identification Positive tests for potassium and for carbonate Solubility Very soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol Purity Loss on drying Not more than 5 % (anhydrous) or 18 % (hydrate) (180 oC, 4h) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 501(ii) POTASSIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE A.B.

Synonyms Potassium bicarbonate, acid potassium carbonate Definition Chemical name Potassium hydrogen carbonate Einecs 206-059-0 Chemical formula KHCO3 Molecular weight 100,11 Assay Content not less than 99,0 % and not more than 101,0 % KHCO3 on the anhydrous basis Description Colourless crystals or white powder or granules Identification Positive tests for potassium and for carbonate Solubility Freely soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol Purity Loss on drying Not more than 0,25 % (over silica gel, 4h) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 503(i) AMMONIUM CARBONATE A.B.C.

Definition Ammonium carbonate consists of ammonium carbamate, ammonium carbonate and ammonium hydrogen carbonate in varying proportions Chemical name Ammonium carbonate Einecs 233-786-0 Chemical formula CH6N2O2, CH8N2O3 and CH5NO3 Molecular weight Ammonium carbamate 78,06; ammonium carbonate 98,73; ammonium hydrogen carbonate 79,06 Assay Content not less than 30,0 % and not more than 34,0 % of NH3 Description White powder or hard, white or translucent masses or crystals. Becomes opaque on exposure to air and is finally converted into white porous lumps or powder (of ammonium bicarbonate) due to loss of ammonia and carbon dioxide Identification Positive tests for ammonium and for carbonate pH of a 5 % solution about 8,6 Solubility Soluble in water Purity Non-volatile matter Not more than 500 mg/kg Chlorides Not more than 30 mg/kg Sulphate Not more than 30 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 503(ii) AMMONIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Ammonium bicarbonate Definition Chemical name Ammonium hydrogen carbonate Einecs 213-911-5 Chemical formula CH5NO3 Molecular weight 79,06 Assay Content not less than 99,0 % Description White crystals or crystalline powder Identification Positive tests for ammonium and for carbonate pH of a 5 % solution about 8,0 Solubility Freely soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol Purity Non-volatile matter Not more than 500 mg/kg Chlorides Not more than 30 mg/kg Sulphate Not more than 30 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 504(ii) MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE CARBONATE A.B.

Synonyms Magnesium hydrogen carbonate, magnesium subcarbonate (light or heavy), hydrated basic magnesium carbonate, magnesium carbonate hydroxide Definition Chemical name Magnesium carbonate hydroxide hydrated Einecs 235-192-7 Chemical formula 4MgCO3Mg(OH)25H2O Molecular weight 485 Assay Mg content not less than 40,0 % and not more than 45,0 % calculated as MgO Description Light, white friable mass or bulky white powder Identification Positive tests for magnesium and for carbonate Solubility Practically insoluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol Purity Acid insoluble matter Not more than 0,05 % Water soluble matter Not more than 1,0 % Calcium Not more than 1,0 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 10 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 507 HYDROCHLORIC ACID A.B.

Synonyms Hydrogen chloride, muriatic acid Definition Chemical name Hydrochloric acid Einecs 231-595-7 Chemical formula HCl Molecular weight 36,46 Assay Hydrochloric acid is commercially available in varying concentrations. Concentrated hydrochloric acid contains not less than 35,0 % HCl Description Clear, colourless or slightly yellowish, corrosive liquid having a pungent odour Identification Positive tests for acid and for chloride Solubility Soluble in water and in ethanol Purity Total organic compounds Total organic compounds (non-fluorine containing): not more than 5 mg/kg Benzene: not more than 0,05 mg/kg Fluorinated compounds (total): not more than 25 mg/kg Non-volatile matter Not more than 0,5 % Reducing substances Not more than 70 mg/kg (as SO2) Oxidising substances Not more than 30 mg/kg (as Cl2) Sulphate Not more than 0,5 % Iron Not more than 5 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 508 POTASSIUM CHLORIDE A.B.

Synonyms Sylvine Sylvite Definition Chemical name Potassium chloride Einecs 231-211-8 Chemical formulae KCl Molecular weight 74,56 Assay Content not less than 99 % on the dried basis Description Colourless, elongated, prismatic or cubital crystals or white granular powder. Odourless Identification Solubility Freely soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol Positive tests for potassium and for chloride Purity Loss on drying Not more than 1 % (105 oC, 2 hours) Sodium Negative test Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 509 CALCIUM CHLORIDE A.B.

Definition Chemical name Calcium chloride Einecs 233-140-8 Chemical formula CaCl2 · nH2O (n = 0,2 or 6) Molecular weight 110,99 (anhydrous), 147,02 (dihydrate), 219,08 (hexahydrate) Assay Content not less than 93,0 % on the anhydrous basis Description White, odourless, hygroscopic powder or deliquescent crystals Identification Positive tests for calcium and for chloride Solubility Anhydrous calcium chloride: freely soluble in water and ethanol Dihydrate: freely soluble in water, soluble in ethanol Hexahydrate: very soluble in water and ethanol Purity Magnesium and alkali salts Not more than 5 % on the anhydrous basis Fluoride Not more than 40 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 10 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 511 MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE A.B.

Definition Chemical name Magnesium chloride Einecs 232-094-6 Chemical formula MgCl2 · 6H2O Molecular weight 203,30 Assay Content not less than 99,0 % Description Colourless, odourless, very deliquescent flakes or crystals Identification Positive tests for magnesium and for chloride Solubility Very soluble in water, freely soluble in ethanol Purity Ammonium Not more than 50 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 10 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 512 STANNOUS CHLORIDE A.B.

Synonyms Tin chloride, tin dichloride Definition Chemical name Stannous chloride dihydrate Einecs 231-868-0 Chemical formula SnCl2 · 2H2O Molecular weight 225,63 Assay Content not less than 98,0 % Description Colourless or white crystals May have a slight odour of hydrochloric acid Identification Positive tests for tin (II) and for chloride Solubility Water: soluble in less than its own weight of water, but it forms an insoluble basic salt with excess water Ethanol: soluble Purity Sulphate Not more than 30 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 2 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg

E 513 SULPHURIC ACID A.B.

Synonyms Oil of vitriol, dihydrogen sulphate Definition Chemical name Sulphuric acid Einecs 231-639-5 Chemical formula H2SO4 Molecular weight 98,07 Assay Sulphuric acid is commercially available in varying concentrations. The concentrated form contains not less than 96,0 % Description Clear, colourless or slightly brown, very corrosive oily liquid Identification Positive tests for acid and for sulphate Solubility Miscible with water, with generation of much heat, also with ethanol Purity Ash Not more than 0,02 % Reducing matter Not more than 40 mg/kg (as SO2) Nitrate Not more than 10 mg/kg (on H2SO4 basis) Chloride Not more than 50 mg/kg Iron Not more than 20 mg/kg Selenium Not more than 20 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 514(i) SODIUM SULPHATE A.B.

Definition Chemical name Sodium sulphate Chemical formula Na2SO4 · nH2O (n = 0 or 10) Molecular weight 142,04 (anhydrous) 322,04 (decahydrate) Assay Content not less than 99,0 % on the anhydrous basis Description Colourless crystals or a fine, white, crystalline powder The decahydrate is efflorescent Identification Positive tests for sodium and for sulphate Acidity of a 5 % solution: neutral or slightly alkaline to litmus paper Purity Loss on drying Not more than 1,0 % (anhydrous) or not more than 57 % (decahydrate) at 130 °C Selenium Not more than 30 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 514(ii) SODIUM HYDROGEN SULPHATE A.B.

Synonyms Acid sodium sulphate, sodium bisulphate, nitre cake Definition Chemical name Sodium hydrogen sulphate Chemical formula NaHSO4 Molecular weight 120,06 Assay Content not less than 95,2 % Description White, odourless crystals or granules Identification Positive tests for sodium and for sulphate Solutions are strongly acidic Purity Loss on drying Not more than 0,8 % Water insoluble Not more than 0,05 % Selenium Not more than 30 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 515(i) POTASSIUM SULPHATE A.B.C.

Definition Chemical name Potassium sulphate Chemical formula K2SO4 Molecular weight 174,25 Assay Content not less than 99,0 % Description Colourless or white crystals or crystalline powder Identification Positive tests for potassium and for sulphate pH of a 5 % solution Between 5,5 and 8,5 Solubility Freely soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol Purity Selenium Not more than 30 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 515(ii) POTASSIUM HYDROGEN SULPHATE A.B.

Definition Synonyms Potassium bisulphate, potassium acid sulphate Chemical name Potassium hydrogen sulphate Chemical formula KHSO4 Molecular weight 136,17 Assay Content not less than 99 % Melting point 197 oC Description White deliquescent crystals, pieces or granules Identification Positive test for potassium Solubility Freely soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol Purity Selenium Not more than 30 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 516 CALCIUM SULPHATE A.B.

Synonyms Gypsum, selenite, anhydrite Definition Chemical name Calcium sulphate Einecs 231-900-3 Chemical formula CaSO4 · nH2O (n = 0 or 2) Molecular weight 136,14 (anhydrous), 172,18 (dihydrate) Assay Content not less than 99,0 % on the anhydrous basis Description Fine, white to slightly yellowish-white odourless powder Identification Positive tests for calcium and for sulphate Solubility Slightly soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol Purity Loss on drying Anhydrous: not more than 1,5 % (250 oC, constant weight) Dihydrate: not more than 23 % (ibid.) Fluoride Not more than 30 mg/kg Selenium Not more than 30 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 517 AMMONIUM SULPHATE A.B.

Definition Chemical name Ammonium sulphate Einecs 231-984-1 Chemical formula (NH4)2SO4 Molecular weight 132,14 Assay Content not less than 99,0 % and not more than 100,5 % Description White powder, shining plates or crystalline fragments Identification Positive tests for ammonium and for sulphate Solubility Freely soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol Purity Loss on ignition Not more than 0,25 % Selenium Not more than 30 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg

E 520 ALUMINIUM SULPHATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Alum Definition Chemical name Aluminium sulphate Einecs 233-135-0 Chemical formula Al2(SO4)3 Molecular weight 342,13 Assay Content not less than 99,5 % on the ignited basis Description White powder, shining plates or crystalline fragments Identification Positive tests for aluminium and for sulphate pH of a 5 % solution 2,9 or above Solubility Freely soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol Purity Loss on ignition Not more than 5 % (500 oC, 3h) Alkalies and alkaline earths Not more than 0,4 % Selenium Not more than 30 mg/kg Fluoride Not more than 30 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 10 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 521 ALUMINIUM SODIUM SULPHATE A.B.

Synonyms Soda alum, sodium alum Definition Chemical name Aluminium sodium sulphate Einecs 233-277-3 Chemical formula AlNa(SO4)2 · nH2O (n = 0 or 12) Molecular weight 242,09 (anhydrous) Assay Content on the anhydrous basis not less than 96,5 % (anhydrous) and 99,5 % (dodecahydrate) Description Transparent crystals or white crystalline powder Identification Positive tests for aluminium, for sodium and for sulphate Solubility Dodecahydrate is freely soluble in water. The anhydrous form is slowly soluble in water. Both forms are insoluble in ethanol Purity Loss on drying Anhydrous form: not more than 10,0 % (220 oC, 16h) Dodecahydrate: not more than 47,2 % (50 oC-55 oC, 1h then 200 oC, 16h) Ammonium salts No odour of ammonia detectable after heating Selenium Not more than 30 mg/kg Fluoride Not more than 30 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 522 ALUMINIUM POTASSIUM SULPHATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Potassium alum, potash alum Definition Chemical name Aluminium potassium sulphate dodecahydrate Einecs 233-141-3 Chemical formula AlK(SO4)2 · 12 H2O Molecular weight 474,38 Assay Content not less than 99,5 % Description Large, transparent crystals or white crystalline powder Identification Positive tests for aluminium, for potassium and for sulphate pH of a 10 % solution between 3,0 and 4,0 Solubility Freely soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol Purity Ammonium salts No odour of ammonia detectable after heating Selenium Not more than 30 mg/kg Fluoride Not more than 30 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 523 ALUMINIUM AMMONIUM SULPHATE A.B.

Synonyms Ammonium alum Definition Chemical name Aluminium ammonium sulphate Einecs 232-055-3 Chemical formula AlNH4(SO4)2 · 12 H2O Molecular weight 453,32 Assay Content not less than 99,5 % Description Large, colourless crystals or white powder Identification Positive tests for aluminium, for ammonium and for sulphate Solubility Freely soluble in water, soluble in ethanol Purity Alkali metals and alkaline earths Not more than 0,5 % Selenium Not more than 30 mg/kg Fluoride Not more than 30 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 524 SODIUM HYDROXIDE A.B.C.

Synonyms Caustic soda, lye Definition Chemical name Sodium hydroxide Einecs 215-185-5 Chemical formula NaOH Molecular weight 40,0 Assay Content of solid forms not less than 98,0 % of total alkali (as NaOH). Content of solutions accordingly, based on the stated or labelled percentage of NaOH Description White or nearly white pellets, flakes, sticks, fused masses or other forms. Solutions are clear or slightly turbid, colourless or slightly coloured, strongly caustic and hygroscopic and when exposed to the air they absorb carbon dioxide, forming sodium carbonate Identification Positive tests for sodium A 1 % solution is strongly alkaline Solubility Very soluble in water. Freely soluble in ethanol Purity Water insoluble and organic matter A 5 % solution is completely clear and colourless to slightly coloured Carbonate Not more than 0,5 % (as Na2CO3) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 0,5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 525 POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE A.B.C.

Synonyms Caustic potash Definition Chemical name Potassium hydroxide Einecs 215-181-3 Chemical formula KOH Molecular weight 56,11 Assay Content not less than 85,0 % of alkali calculated as KOH Description White or nearly white pellets, flakes, sticks, fused masses or other forms Identification Positive tests for potassium A 1 % solution is strongly alkaline Solubility Very soluble in water. Freely soluble in ethanol Purity Water insoluble matter A 5 % solution is completely clear and colourless Carbonate Not more than 3,5 % (as K2CO3) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 10 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 526 CALCIUM HYDROXIDE A.B.

Synonyms Slaked lime, hydrated lime Definition Chemical name Calcium hydroxide Einecs 215-137-3 Chemical formula Ca(OH)2 Molecular weight 74,09 Assay Content not less than 92,0 % Description White powder Identification Positive tests for alkali and for calcium Solubility Slightly soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol. Soluble in glycerol Purity Acid insoluble ash Not more than 1,0 % Magnesium and alkali salts Not more than 1,0 % Barium Not more than 300 mg/kg Fluoride Not more than 50 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 527 AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE A.

Synonyms Aqua ammonia, strong ammonia solution Definition Chemical name Ammonium hydroxide Chemical formula NH4OH Molecular weight 35,05 Assay Content not less than 27 % of NH3 Description Clear, colourless solution, having an exceedingly pungent, characteristic odour Identification Positive tests for ammonia Purity Non-volatile matter Not more than 0,02 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg

E 528 MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE A.B.

Definition Chemical name Magnesium hydroxide Einecs 215-170-3 Chemical formula Mg(OH)2 Molecular weight 58,32 Assay Content not less than 95,0 % on the anhydrous basis Description Odourless, white bulky powder Identification Positive test for magnesium and for alkali Solubility Practically insoluble in water and in ethanol Purity Loss on drying Not more than 2,0 % (105 oC, 2h) Loss on ignition Not more than 33 % (800 oC to constant weight) Calcium oxide Not more than 1,5 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 529 CALCIUM OXIDE A.B.C.

Synonyms Burnt lime Definition Chemical name Calcium oxide Einecs 215-138-9 Chemical formula CaO Molecular weight 56,08 Assay Content not less than 95,0 % on the ignited basis Description Odourless, hard, white or greyish white masses of granules, or white to greyish powder Identification Positive test for alkali and for calcium Heat is generated on moistening the sample with water Solubility Slightly soluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol. Soluble in glycerol Purity Loss on ignition Not more than 10,0 % (ca 800 oC to constant weight) Acid insoluble matter Not more than 1,0 % Barium Not more than 300 mg/kg Magnesium and alkali salts Not more than 1,5 % Fluoride Not more than 50 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 530 MAGNESIUM OXIDE A.B.

Definition Chemical name Magnesium oxide Einecs 215-171-9 Chemical formula MgO Molecular weight 40,31 Assay Content not less than 98,0 % on the ignited basis Description A very bulky, white powder known as light magnesium oxide or a relative dense, white powder known as heavy magnesium oxide. 5 g of light magnesium oxide occupy a volume of 40 to 50 ml, while 5 g of heavy magnesium oxide occupy a volume of 10 to 20 ml Identification Positive test for alkali and for magnesium Solubility Practically insoluble in water. Insoluble in ethanol Purity Loss on ignition Not more than 5,0 % (ca 800 oC to constant weight) Calcium oxide Not more than 1,5 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 535 SODIUM FERROCYANIDE A.

Synonyms Yellow prussiate of soda, sodium hexacyanoferrate Definition Chemical name Sodium ferrocyanide Einecs 237-081-9 Chemical formula Na4Fe(CN)6 · 10 H2O Molecular weight 484,1 Assay Content not less than 99,0 % Description Yellow crystals or crystalline powder Identification Positive test for sodium and for ferrocyanide Purity Free moisture Not more than 1,0 % Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,03 % Chloride Not more than 0,2 % Sulphate Not more than 0,1 % Free cyanide Not detectable Ferricyanide Not detectable Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg

E 536 POTASSIUM FERROCYANIDE A.

Synonyms Yellow prussiate of potash, potassium hexacyanoferrate Definition Chemical name Potassium ferrocyanide Einecs 237-722-2 Chemical formula K4Fe(CN)6· 3 H2O Molecular weight 422,4 Assay Content not less than 99,0 % Description Lemon yellow crystals Identification Positive test for potassium and for ferrocyanide Purity Free moisture Not more than 1,0 % Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,03 % Chloride Not more than 0,2 % Sulphate Not more than 0,1 % Free cyanide Not detectable Ferricyanide Not detectable Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg

E 538 CALCIUM FERROCYANIDE A.

Synonyms Yellow prussiate of lime, calcium hexacyanoferrate Definition Chemical name Calcium ferrocyanide Einecs 215-476-7 Chemical formula Ca2Fe(CN)6 · 12H2O Molecular weight 508,3 Assay Content not less than 99,0 % Description Yellow crystals or crystalline powder Identification Positive test for calcium and for ferrocyanide Purity Free moisture Not more than 1,0 % Water insoluble matter Not more than 0,03 % Chloride Not more than 0,2 % Sulphate Not more than 0,1 % Free cyanide Not detectable Ferricyanide Not detectable Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg

E 541 SODIUM ALUMINIUM PHOSPHATE, ACIDIC A.B.C.

Synonyms SALP Definition Chemical name Sodium trialuminium tetradecahydrogen octaphosphate tetrahydrate (A) or Trisodium dialuminium pentadecahydrogen octaphosphate (B) Einecs 232-090-4 Chemical formula NaAl3H14(PO4)8 · 4H2O (A) Na3Al2H15(PO4)8 (B) Molecular weight 949,88 (A) 897,82 (B) Assay Content not less than 95,0 % (both forms) Description White odourless powder Identification Positive test for sodium, for aluminium and for phosphate pH Acid to litmus Solubility Insoluble in water. Soluble in hydrochloric acid Purity Loss on ignition 19,5 %-21,0 % (A) } (750 oC-800 oC, 2h) 15 %-16 % (B) } (750 oC-800 oC, 2h) Fluoride Not more than 25 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 4 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 551 SILICON DIOXIDE A.

Synonyms Silica, silicium dioxide Definition Silicon dioxide is an amorphous substance, which is produced synthetically by either a vapour-phase hydrolysis process, yielding fumed silica, or by a wet process, yielding precipitated silica, silica gel, or hydrous silica. Fumed silica is produced in essentially an anhydrous state, whereas the wet-process products are obtained as hydrates or contain surface absorbed water Chemical name Silicon dioxide Einecs 231-545-4 Chemical formula (SiO2)n Molecular weight 60,08 (SiO2) Assay Content after ignition not less than 99,0 % (fumed silica) or 94,0 % (hydrated forms) Description White, fluffy powder or granules Hygroscopic Identification Positive test for silica Purity Loss on drying Not more than 2,5 % (fumed silica, 105 oC, 2h) Not more than 8,0 % (precipitated silica and silica gel, 105 oC, 2h) Not more than 70 % (hydrous silica, 105 oC, 2h) Loss on ignition Not more than 2,5 % after drying (1000 oC, fumed silica) Not more than 8,5 % after drying (1000 oC, hydrated forms) Soluble ionisable salts Not more than 5,0 % (as Na2SO4) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 552 CALCIUM SILICATE A.B.

Definition Calcium silicate is a hydrous or anhydrous silicate with varying proportions of CaO and SiO2 Chemical name Calcium silicate Einecs 215-710-8 Assay Content on the anhydrous basis: Description White to off-white free-flowing powder that remains so after absorbing relatively large amounts of water or other liquids Identification Positive test for silicate and for calcium Forms a gel with mineral acids Purity Loss on drying Not more than 10 % (105 oC, 2h) Loss on ignition Not less than 5 % and not more than 14 % (1000 oC, constant weight) Sodium Not more than 3 % Fluoride Not more than 50 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

as SiO2 not less than 50 % and not more than 95 %

as CaO not less than 3 % and not more than 35 %

E 553a(i) MAGNESIUM SILICATE A.B.

Definition Magnesium silicate is a synthetic compound of which the molar ratio of magnesium oxide to silicon dioxide is approximately 2:5 Assay Content not less than 15 % of MgO and not less than 67 % of SiO2 on the ignited basis Description Very fine, white, odourless powder, free from grittiness Identification Positive test for magnesium and for silicate pH of a 10 % slurry Between 7,0 and 10,8 Purity Loss on drying Not more than 15 % (105 oC, 2h) Loss on ignition Not more than 15 % after drying (1000 oC, 20 min) Water soluble salts Not more than 3 % Free alkali Not more than 1 % (as NaOH) Fluoride Not more than 10 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 553a(ii) MAGNESIUM TRISILICATE A.B.

Definition Chemical name Magnesium trisilicate Chemical formula Mg2Si3O8 · xH2O (approximate composition) Einecs 239-076-7 Assay Content not less than 29,0 % of MgO and not less than 65,0 % of SiO2 both on the ignited basis Description Fine, white powder, free from grittiness Identification Positive test for magnesium and for silicate pH of a 5 % slurry Between 6,3 and 9,5 Purity Loss on ignition Not less than 17 % and not more than 34 % (1000 oC) Water soluble salts Not more than 2 % Free alkali Not more than 1 % (as NaOH) Fluoride Not more than 10 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 553b TALC A.B.C.

Synonyms Talcum Definition Naturally occurring form of hydrous magnesium silicate containing varying proportions of such associated minerals as alpha-quartz, calcite, chlorite, dolomite, magnesite, and phlogopite Chemical name Magnesium hydrogen metasilicate Einecs 238-877-9 Chemical formula Mg3(Si4O10)(OH)2 Molecular weight 379,22 Description Light, homogeneous, white or almost white powder, greasy to the touch Identification IR absorption Characteristic peaks at 3677, 1018 and 669 cm-1 X-ray diffraction Peaks at 9,34/4,66/3,12 Å Solubility Insoluble in water and ethanol Purity Loss on drying Not more than 0,5 % (105 oC, 1h) Acid-soluble matter Not more than 6 % Water-soluble matter Not more than 0,2 % Acid-soluble iron Not detectable Arsenic Not more than 10 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg

E 554 SODIUM ALUMINIUM SILICATE A.B.

Synonyms Sodium silicoaluminate, sodium aluminosilicate, aluminium sodium silicate Definition Chemical name Sodium aluminium silicate Assay Content on the anhydrous basis: Description Fine white amorphous powder or beads Identification Positive tests for sodium, for aluminium and for silicate pH of a 5 % slurry Between 6,5 and 11,5 Purity Loss on drying Not more than 8,0 % (105 oC, 2h) Loss on ignition Not less than 5,0 % and not more than 11,0 % on the anhydrous basis (1000 oC, constant weight) Sodium Not less than 5 % and not more than 8,5 % (as Na2O) on the anhydrous basis Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

as SiO2 not less than 66,0 % and not more than 88,0 %

as Al2O3 not less than 5,0 % and not more than 15,0 %

E 555 POTASSIUM ALUMINIUM SILICATE A.

Synonyms Mica Definition Natural mica consists of mainly potassium aluminium silicate (muscovite) Einecs 310-127-6 Chemical name Potassium aluminium silicate Chemical formulae KAl2[AlSi3O10](OH)2 Molecular weight 398 Assay Content not less than 98 % Description Light grey to white crystalline platelets or powder Identification Solubility Insoluble in water, diluted acids and alkali and organic solvents Purity Loss on drying Not more than 0,5 % (105 oC, 2h) Antimony Not more than 20 mg/kg Zinc Not more than 25 mg/kg Barium Not more than 25 mg/kg Chromium Not more than 100 mg/kg Copper Not more than 25 mg/kg Nickel Not more than 50 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 2 mg/kg Lead Not more than 10 mg/kg

E 556 CALCIUM ALUMINIUM SILICATE A.

Synonyms Calcium aluminosilicate, calcium silicoaluminate, aluminium calcium silicate Definition Chemical name Calcium aluminium silicate Assay Content on the anhydrous basis: Description Fine white, free-flowing powder Identification Positive tests for calcium, for aluminium and for silicate Purity Loss on drying Not more than 10,0 % (105 oC, 2h) Loss on ignition Not less than 14,0 % and not more than 18,0 on the anhydrous basis (1000 oC, constant weight) Fluoride Not more than 50 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 10 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

as SiO2 not less than 44,0 % and not more than 50,0 %

as Al2O3 not less than 3,0 % and not more than 5,0 %

as CaO not less than 32,0 % and not more than 38,0 %

E 558 BENTONITE A.B.C.

Definition Bentonite is a natural clay containing a high proportion of montmorillonite, a native hydrated aluminium silicate in which some aluminium and silicon atoms were naturally replaced by other atoms such as magnesium and iron. Calcium and sodium ions are trapped between the mineral layers. There are four common types of bentonite: natural sodium bentonite, natural calcium bentonite, sodium-activated bentonite and acid-activated bentonite Einecs 215-108-5 Chemical formula (Al, Mg)8(Si4O10) 4(OH)8 · 12H2O Molecular weight 819 Assay Montmorillonite content not less than 80 % Description Very fine, yellowish or greyish white powder or granules. The structure of bentonite allows it to absorb water in its structure and on its external surface (swelling properties) Identification Methylene blue test X-Ray diffraction Characteristic peaks at 12,5/15 A IR absorption Peaks at 428/470/530/1110-1020/3750 — 3400 cm-1 Purity Loss on drying Not more than 15,0 % (105 oC, 2h) Arsenic Not more than 2 mg/kg Lead Not more than 20 mg/kg

E 559 ALUMINIUM SILICATE (KAOLIN) A.B.C.

Synonyms Kaolin, light or heavy Definition Aluminium silicate hydrous (kaolin) is a purified white plastic clay composed of kaolinite, potassium aluminium silicate, feldspar and quartz. Processing should not include calcination. The raw kaolinitic clay used in the production of aluminium silicate shall have a level of dioxin which does not make it injurious to health or unfit for human consumption Einecs 215-286-4 (kaolinite) Chemical formula Al2Si2O5(OH)4 (kaolinite) Molecular weight 264 Assay Content not less than 90 % (sum of silica and alumina, after ignition) Silica (SiO2) Between 45 % and 55 % Alumina (Al2O3) Between 30 % and 39 % Description Fine, white or greyish white, unctuous powder. Kaolin is made up of loose aggregations of randomly oriented stacks of kaolinite flakes or of individual hexagonal flakes Identification Positive tests for alumina and for silicate X-ray diffraction: Characteristic peaks at 7,18/3,58/2,38/1,78 Å IR absorption: Peaks at 3700 and 3620 cm-1 Purity Loss on ignition Between 10 and 14 % (1000 oC, constant weight) Water soluble matter Not more than 0,3 % Acid soluble matter Not more than 2 % Iron Not more than 5 % Potassium oxide (K2O) Not more than 5 % Carbon Not more than 0,5 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 570 FATTY ACIDS A.

Definition Linear fatty acids, caprylic acid (C8), capric acid (C10), laurinc acid (C12), myristic acid (C14), palmitic acid (C16), stearic acid (C18), oleic acid (C18:1) Chemical name octanoic acid (C8), decanoic acid (C10), dodecanoic acid (C12), tetradecanoic acid (C14), hexadecanoic acid (C16), octadecanoic acid (C18), 9-octadecenoic acid (C18:1) Assay Not less than 98 % by chromatography Description A colourless liquid or white solid obtained from oils and fats Identification Individual fatty acids can be identified by acid value, iodine value, gas chromatog-raphy and molecular weight Purity Residue on ignition Not more than 0,1 % Unsaponifiable matter Not more than 1,5 % Water Not more than 0,2 % (Karl Fischer method) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 574 GLUCONIC ACID A.

Synonyms D-gluconic acid, dextronic acid Definition Gluconic acid is an aqueous solution of gluconic acid and glucono-delta-lactone Chemical name Gluconic acid Chemical formula C6H12O7 (gluconic acid) Molecular weight 196,2 Assay Content not less than 50,0 % (as gluconic acid) Description Colourless to light yellow, clear syrupy liquid Identification Formation of phenylhydrazine derivative positive Compound formed melts between 196 oC and 202 oC with decomposition Purity Residue on ignition Not more than 1,0 % Reducing matter Not more than 0,75 % (as D-glucose) Chloride Not more than 350 mg/kg Sulphate Not more than 240 mg/kg Sulphite Not more than 20 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 575 GLUCONO-DELTA-LACTONE A.B.C.

Synonyms Gluconolactone, GDL, D-gluconic acid delta-lactone, delta-gluconolactone Definition Glucono-delta-lactone is the cyclic 1,5-intramolecular ester of D-gluconic acid. In aqueous media it is hydrolysed to an equilibrium mixture of D-gluconic acid (55 %-66 %) and the delta- and gamma-lactones Chemical name D-Glucono-1,5-lactone Einecs 202-016-5 Chemical formula C6H10O6 Molecular weight 178,14 Assay Content not less than 99,0 % on the anhydrous basis Description Fine, white, nearly odourless, crystalline powder Identification Formation of phenylhydrazine derivative of gluconic acid positive Compound formed melts between 196 oC and 202 oC with decomposition Solubility Freely soluble in water. Sparingly soluble in ethanol Melting point 152 oC ± 2 oC Purity Water Not more than 1,0 % (Karl Fischer method) Reducing substances Not more than 0,75 % (as D-glucose) Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg

E 576 SODIUM GLUCONATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Sodium salt of D-gluconic acid Definition Chemical name Sodium D-gluconate Einecs 208-407-7 Chemical formula C6H11NaO7 (anhydrous) Molecular weight 218,14 Assay Content not less than 98,0 % Description White to tan, granular to fine, crystalline powder Identification Positive test for sodium and for gluconate Solubility Very soluble in water. Sparingly soluble in ethanol pH of a 10 % solution Between 6,5 and 7,5 Purity Reducing matter Not more than 1,0 % (as D-glucose) Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg

E 577 POTASSIUM GLUCONATE A.B.

Synonyms Potassium salt of D-gluconic acid Definition Chemical name Potassium D-gluconate Einecs 206-074-2 Chemical formula C6H11KO7 (anhydrous) C6H11KO7 · H2O (monohydrate) Molecular weight 234,25 (anhydrous) 252,26 (monohydrate) Assay Content not less than 97,0 % and not more than 103,0 % on dried basis Description Odourless, free flowing white to yellowish white, crystalline powder or granules Identification Positive test for potassium and for gluconate pH of a 10 % solution Between 7,0 and 8,3 Purity Loss on drying Anhydrous: not more than 3,0 % (105 oC, 4h, vacuum) Monohydrate: not less than 6 % and not more than 7,5 % (105 oC, 4h, vacuum) Reducing substances Not more than 1,0 % (as D-glucose) Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg

E 578 CALCIUM GLUCONATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Calcium salt of D-gluconic acid Definition Chemical name Calcium di-D-gluconate Einecs 206-075-8 Chemical formula C12H22CaO14 (anhydrous) C12H22CaO14 · H2O (monohydrate) Molecular weight 430,38 (anhydrous form) 448,39 (monohydrate) Assay Content not less than 98,0 % and not more than 102 % on the anhydrous and monohydrate basis Description Odourless, white crystalline granules or powder, stable in air Identification Positive test for calcium and for gluconate Solubility Soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol pH of a 5 % solution Between 6,0 and 8,0 Purity Loss on drying Not more than 3,0 % (105 oC, 16h) (anhydrous) Not more than 2,0 % (105 oC, 16h) (monohydrate) Reducing substances Not more than 1,0 % (as D-glucose) Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg

E 579 FERROUS GLUCONATE A.B.C.D.

Definition Chemical name Ferrous di-D-gluconate dihydrate Iron(II) di-gluconate dihydrate Einecs 206-076-3 Chemical formulae C12H22FeO14·2H2O Molecular weight 482,17 Assay Content not less than 95 % on the dried basis Description Pale greenish-yellow to yellowish-grey powder or granules, which may have a faint odour of burnt sugar Identification Solubility Soluble with slight heating in water. Practically insoluble in ethanol Positive test for ferrous ion Formation of phenylhy-drazine derivative of gluconic acid positive pH of a 10 % solution Between 4 and 5,5 Purity Loss on drying Not more than 10 % (105 oC, 16 hours) Oxalic acid Not detectable Iron (Fe III) Not more than 2 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg Reducing substances Not more than 0,5 % expressed as glucose

E 585 FERROUS LACTATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Iron(II) lactate Iron(II) 2-hydroxy propanoate Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-iron(2 +) salt (2:1) Definition Chemical name Ferrous 2-hydroxy propanoate Einecs 227-608-0 Chemical formulae C6H10FeO6·xH2O (x = 2 or 3) Molecular weight 270,02 (dihydrate) 288,03 (trihydrate) Assay Content not less than 96 % on the dried basis Description Greenish-white crystals or light green powder having a characteristic smell Identification Solubility Soluble in water. Practically insoluble in ethanol Positive test for ferrous ion and for lactate pH of a 2 % solution Between 4 and 6 Purity Loss on drying Not more than 18 % (100 oC, under vacuum, approximately 700 mm Hg) Iron (Fe III) Not more than 0,6 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 586 4-HEXYLRESORCINOL A.B.C.D.

Synonyms 4-Hexyl-1,3-benzenediol Hexylresorcinol Definition Chemical name 4-Hexylresorcinol Einecs 205-257-4 Chemical formula C12H18O2 Molecular weight 197,24 Assay Not less than 98 % on the dried basis Description White powder Identification Solubility Freely soluble in ether and acetone; very slightly soluble in water Nitric acid test To 1 ml of a saturated solution of the sample, add 1 ml of nitric acid. A light red colour appears Bromine test To 1 ml of saturated solution of the sample, add 1 ml of bromine TS. A yellow, flocculent precipitate dissolves producing a yellow solution Melting range 62 to 67 oC Purity Acidity Not more than 0,05 % Sulphated ash Not more than 0,1 % Resorcinol and other phenols Shake about 1 g of the sample with 50 ml of water for a few minutes, filter, and to the filtrate add 3 drops of ferric chloride TS. No red or blue colour is produced Nickel Not more than 2 mg/kg Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 3 mg/kg

E 620 GLUTAMIC ACID A.B.C.

Synonyms L-Glutamic acid, L-α-aminoglutaric acid Definition Chemical name L-Glutamic acid, L-2-amino-pentanedioic acid Einecs 200-293-7 Chemical formula C5H9NO4 Molecular weight 147,13 Assay Content not less than 99,0 % and not more than 101,0 % on the anhydrous basis Description White crystals or crystalline powder Identification Positive test for glutamic acid by thin layer chromatography Specific rotation [α]D20 Between +31,5o and +32,2o (10 % solution (anhydrous basis) in 2N HCl, 200 mm tube) pH of a saturated solution Between 3,0 and 3,5 Purity Loss on drying Not more than 0,2 % (80 oC, 3h) Sulphated ash Not more than 0,2 % Chloride Not more than 0,2 % Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid Not more than 0,2 % Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg

E 621 MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE A.B.C.D.

Synonyms Sodium glutamate, MSG Definition Chemical name Monosodium L-glutamate monohydrate Einecs 205-538-1 Chemical formula C5H8NaNO4 · H2O Molecular weight 187,13 Assay Content not less than 99,0 % and not more than 101,0 % on the anhydrous basis Description White, practically odourless crystals or crystalline powder Identification Positive test for sodium Positive test for glutamic acid by thin-layer chromatography Specific rotation [α]D20 Between +24,8o and +25,3o (10 % solution (anhydrous basis) in 2N HCl, 200 mm tube) pH of a 5 % solution Between 6,7 and 7,2 Purity Loss on drying Not more than 0,5 % (98 oC, 5h) Chloride Not more than 0,2 % Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid Not more than 0,2 % Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg

E 622 MONOPOTASSIUM GLUTAMATE A.B.C.D.

Synonyms Potassium glutamate, MPG Definition Chemical name Monopotassium L-glutamate monohydrate Einecs 243-094-0 Chemical formula C5H8KNO4 · H2O Molecular weight 203,24 Assay Content not less than 99,0 % and not more than 101,0 % on the anhydrous basis Description White, practically odourless crystals or crystalline powder Identification Positive test for potassium Positive test for glutamic acid by thin-layer chromatog-raphy Specific rotation [α]D20 Between +22,5o and +24,0o (10 % solution (anhydrous basis) in 2N HCl, 200 mm tube) pH of a 2 % solution Between 6,7 and 7,3 Purity Loss on drying Not more than 0,2 % (80 oC, 5h) Chloride Not more than 0,2 % Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid Not more than 0,2 % Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg

E 623 CALCIUM DIGLUTAMATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Calcium glutamate Definition Chemical name Monocalcium di-L-glutamate Einecs 242-905-5 Chemical formula C10H16CaN2O8 · x H2O (x = 0, 1, 2 or 4) Molecular weight 332,32 (anhydrous) Assay Content not less than 98,0 % and not more than 102,0 % on the anhydrous basis Description White, practically odourless crystals or crystalline powder Identification Positive test for calcium Positive test for glutamic acid by thin-layer chromatog-raphy Specific rotation [α]D20 Between +27,4 and +29,2 (for calcium diglutamate with x = 4) (10 % solution (anhydrous basis) in 2N HCl, 200 mm tube) Purity Water Not more than 19,0 % (for calcium diglutamate with x = 4) (Karl Fischer) Chloride Not more than 0,2 % Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid Not more than 0,2 % Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg

E 624 MONOAMMONIUM GLUTAMATE A.B.C.D.

Synonyms Ammonium glutamate Definition Chemical name Monoammonium L-glutamate monohydrate Einecs 231-447-1 Chemical formula C5H12N2O4 · H2O Molecular weight 182,18 Assay Content not less than 99,0 % and not more 101,0 % on the anhydrous basis Description White, practically odourless crystals or crystalline powder Identification Positive test for ammonium Positive test for glutamic acid by thin-layer chromatog-raphy Specific rotation [α]D20 Between +25,4o and +26,4o (10 % solution (anhydrous basis) in 2N HCl, 200 mm tube) pH of a 5 % solution Between 6,0 and 7,0 Purity Loss on drying Not more than 0,5 % (50 oC, 4h) Sulphated ash Not more than 0,1 % Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid Not more than 0,2 % Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg

E 625 MAGNESIUM DIGLUTAMATE A.B.C.D.

Synonyms Magnesium glutamate Definition Chemical name Monomagnesium di-L-glutamate tetrahydrate Einecs 242-413-0 Chemical formula C10H16MgN2O8 · 4H2O Molecular weight 388,62 Assay Content not less than 95,0 % and not more than 105,0 % on the anhydrous basis Description Odourless, white or off-white crystals or powder Identification Positive test for magnesium Positive test for glutamic acid by thin-layer chromatog-raphy Specific rotation [α]D20 Between +23,8o and +24,4o (10 % solution (anhydrous basis) in 2N HCl, 200 mm tube) pH of a 10 % solution Between 6,4 and 7,5 Purity Water Not more than 24 % (Karl Fischer) Chloride Not more than 0,2 % Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid Not more than 0,2 % Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg

E 626 GUANYLIC ACID A.B.C.

Synonyms Guanylic acid Definition Chemical name Guanosine-5'-monophosphoric acid Einecs 201-598-8 Chemical formula C10H14N5O8P Molecular weight 363,22 Assay Content not less than 97,0 % on the anhydrous basis Description Odourless, colourless or white crystals or white crystalline powder Identification Positive test for ribose and for organic phosphate pH of a 0,25 % solution Between 1,5 and 2,5 Spectrometry: maximum absorption of a 20 mg/l solution in 0,01N HCl at 256 nm Purity Loss on drying Not more than 1,5 % (120 oC, 4h) Other nucleotides Not detectable by thin-layer chromatography Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg

E 627 DISODIUM GUANYLATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Sodium guanylate, sodium 5'-guanylate Definition Chemical name Disodium guanosine-5'-monophosphate Einecs 221-849-5 Chemical formula C10H12N5Na2O8P· x H2O (x = ca. 7) Molecular weight 407,19 (anhydrous) Assay Content not less than 97,0 % on the anhydrous basis Description Odourless, colourless or white crystals or white crystalline powder Identification Positive test for ribose, for organic phosphate, and for sodium pH of a 5 % solution Between 7,0 and 8,5 Spectrometry: maximum absorption of a 20 mg/l solution in 0,01N HCl at 256 nm Purity Loss on drying Not more than 25 % (120 oC, 4h) Other nucleotides Not detectable by thin-layer chromatography Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg

E 628 DIPOTASSIUM GUANYLATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Potassium guanylate, potassium 5'-guanylate Definition Chemical name Dipotassium guanosine-5'-monophosphate Einecs 226-914-1 Chemical formula C10H12K2N5O8P Molecular weight 439,40 Assay Content not less than 97,0 % on the anhydrous basis Description Odourless, colourless or white crystals or white crystalline powder Identification Positive test for ribose, for organic phosphate, and for potassium pH of a 5 % solution Between 7,0 and 8,5 Spectrometry: maximum absorption of a 20 mg/l solution in 0,01N HCl at 256 nm Purity Loss on drying Not more than 5 % (120 oC, 4h) Other nucleotides Not detectable by thin-layer chromatography Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg

E 629 CALCIUM GUANYLATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Calcium 5'-guanylate Definition Chemical name Calcium guanosine-5'-monophosphate Chemical formula C10H12CaN5O8P· nH2O Molecular weight 401,20 (anhydrous) Assay Content not less than 97,0 % on the anhydrous basis Description Odourless, white or off-white crystals or powder Identification Positive test for ribose, for organic phosphate, and for calcium pH of a 0,05 % solution Between 7,0 and 8,0 Spectrometry: maximum absorption of a 20 mg/l solution in 0,01N HCl at 256 nm Purity Loss on drying Not more than 23,0 % (120 oC, 4h) Other nucleotides Not detectable by thin-layer chromatography Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg

E 630 INOSINIC ACID A.B.C.

Synonyms 5'-Inosinic acid Definition Chemical name Inosine-5'-monophosphoric acid Einecs 205-045-1 Chemical formula C10H13N4O8P Molecular weight 348,21 Assay Content not less than 97,0 % on the anhydrous basis Description Odourless, colourless or white crystals or powder Identification Positive test for ribose, and for organic phosphate pH of a 5 % solution Between 1,0 and 2,0 Spectrometry: maximum absorption of a 20 mg/l solution in 0,01N HCl at 250 nm Purity Loss on drying Not more than 3,0 % (120 oC, 4h) Other nucleotides Not detectable by thin-layer chromatography Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg

E 631 DISODIUM INOSINATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Sodium inosinate, sodium 5'-inosinate Definition Chemical name Disodium inosine-5'-monophosphate Einecs 225-146-4 Chemical formula C10H11N4Na2O8P· H2O Molecular weight 392,17 (anhydrous) Assay Content not less than 97,0 % on the anhydrous basis Description Odourless, colourless or white crystals or powder Identification Positive test for ribose, and for organic phosphate and for sodium pH of a 5 % solution Between 7,0 and 8,5 Spectrometry: maximum absorption of a 20 mg/l solution in 0,01N HCl at 250 nm Purity Water Not more than 28,5 % (Karl Fischer) Other nucleotides Not detectable by thin-layer chromatography Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg

E 632 DIPOTASSIUM INOSINATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Potassium inosinate, potassium 5'-inosinate Definition Chemical name Dipotassium inosine-5'-monophosphate Einecs 243-652-3 Chemical formula C10H11K2N4O8P Molecular weight 424,39 Assay Content not less than 97,0 % on the anhydrous basis Description Odourless, colourless or white crystals or powder Identification Positive test for ribose, and for organic phosphate and for potassium pH of a 5 % solution Between 7,0 and 8,5 Spectrometry: maximum absorption of a 20 mg/l solution in 0,01N HCl at 250 nm Purity Water Not more than 10,0 % (Karl Fischer) Other nucleotides Not detectable by thin-layer chromatography Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg

E 633 CALCIUM INOSINATE A.B.C.

Synonyms Calcium 5'-inosinate Definition Chemical name Calcium inosine-5'-monophosphate Chemical formula C10H11CaN4O8P· nH2O Molecular weight 386,19 (anhydrous) Assay Content not less than 97,0 % on the anhydrous basis Description Odourless, colourless or white crystals or powder Identification Positive test for ribose, and for organic phosphate and for calcium pH of a 0,05 % solution Between 7,0 and 8,0 Spectrometry: maximum absorption of a 20 mg/l solution in 0,01N HCl at 250 nm Purity Water Not more than 23,0 % (Karl Fischer) Other nucleotides Not detectable by thin-layer chromatography Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg

E 634 CALCIUM 5'-RIBONUCLEOTIDE A.B.

Definition Chemical name Calcium 5'-ribonucleotide is essentially a mixture of calcium inosine-5'-monophosphate and calcium guanosine-5'-monophosphate Chemical formula C10H11N4CaO8P· nH2O y C10H12N5CaO8P· nH2O Assay Content of both major components not less than 97,0 %, and of each component not less than 47,0 % and not more than 53 %, in every case on the anhydrous basis Description Odourless, white or nearly white crystals or powder Identification Positive test for ribose, and for organic phosphate and for calcium pH of a 0,05 % solution Between 7,0 and 8,0 Purity Water Not more than 23,0 % (Karl Fischer) Other nucleotides Not detectable by thin-layer chromatography Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg

E 635 DISODIUM 5'-RIBONUCLEOTIDE A.B.

Synonyms Sodium 5'-ribonucleotide Definition Chemical name Disodium 5'-ribonucleotide is essentially a mixture of disodium inosine-5'-monophosphate and disodium guanosine-5'-monophosphate Chemical formula C10H11N4Na2O8P · nH2O and C10H12N5Na2O8P· nH2O Assay Content of both major components not less than 97,0 %, and of each component not less than 47,0 % and not more than 53 %, in every case on the anhydrous basis Description Odourless, white or nearly white crystals or powder Identification Positive test for ribose, and for organic phosphate and for sodium pH of a 5 % solution Between 7,0 and 8,5 Purity Water Not more than 26,0 % (Karl Fischer) Other nucleotides Not detectable by thin-layer chromatography Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg

E 640 GLYCINE AND ITS SODIUM SALT A.B.

Synonyms(gly) Aminoacetic acid, glycocoll (Na salt) Sodium glycinate Definition Chemical name (gly) Aminoacetic acid (Na salt) Sodium glycinate Chemical formula (gly) C2H5NO2 (Na salt) C2H5NO2 Na Einecs (gly) 200-272-2 (Na salt) 227-842-3 Molecular weight (gly) 75,07 (Na salt) 98 Assay Content not less than 98,5 % on the anhydrous basis Description White crystals or crystalline powder Identification Positive test for amino acid (gly and Na salt) Positive test for sodium (Na salt) Purity Loss on drying (gly) Not more than 0,2 % (105 oC, 3h) (Na salt) Not more than 0,2 % (105 oC, 3h) Residue on ignition (gly) Not more than 0,1 % (Na salt) Not more than 0,1 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 650 ZINC ACETATE A.B.

Synonyms Acetic acid, zinc salt, dihydrate Definition Chemical name Zinc acetate dihydrate Chemical formula C4H6O4 Zn· 2H2O Molecular weight 219,51 Assay Content not less than 98 % and not more than 102 % of C4H6O4 Zn · 2H2O Description Colourless crystals or fine, off-white powder Identification Positive tests for acetate and for zinc pH of a 5 % solution Between 6,0 and 8,0 Purity Insoluble matter Not more than 0,005 % Chlorides Not more than 50 mg/kg Sulphates Not more than 100 mg/kg Alkalines and alkaline earths Not more than 0,2 % Organic volatile impurities Passes test Iron Not more than 50 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 20 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 5 mg/kg

E 900 DIMETHYL POLYSILOXANE A.B.C.

Synonyms Polydimethyl siloxane, silicone fluid, silicone oil, dimethyl silicone Definition Dimethylpolysiloxane is a mixture of fully methylated linear siloxane polymers containing repeating units of the formula (CH3)2 SiO and stablised with trimethylsiloxy end-blocking units of the formula (CH3)3 SiO Chemical name Siloxanes and silicones, di-methyl Chemical formula (CH3)3-Si-[O-Si(CH3)2]n-O-Si(CH3)3 Assay Content of total silicon not less than 37,3 % and not more than 38,5 % Description Clear, colourless, viscous liquid Identification Specific gravity (25o/25 oC) Between 0,964 and 0,977 Refractive index [n]D25 Between 1,400 and 1,405 Infrared spectrum characteristic of the compound Purity Loss on drying Not more than 0,5 % (150 oC, 4h) Viscosity Not less than 1,00 · 10-4 m2s-1 at 25 oC Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 901 BEESWAX A.B.C.

Synonyms White wax, yellow wax Definition Yellow bees wax is the wax obtained by melting the walls of the honeycomb made by the honey bee, Apis mellifera L., with hot water and removing foreign matter White beeswax is obtained by bleaching yellow beeswax Einecs 232-383-7 (beeswax) Description Yellowish white (white form) or yellowish to greyish brown (yellow form) pieces or plates with a fine-grained and non-crystalline fracture, having an agreeable, honey-like odour Identification Melting range Between 62 oC and 65 oC Specific gravity About 0,96 Solubility Insoluble in water Sparingly soluble in alcohol Very soluble in chloroform and ether Purity Acid value Not less than 17 and not more than 24 Saponification value 87-104 Peroxide value Not more than 5 Glycerol and other polyols Not more than 0,5 % (as glycerol) Ceresin, paraffins and certain other waxes Absent Fats, Japan wax, rosin and soaps Absent Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 902 CANDELILLA WAX A.B.C.

Definition Candelilla wax is a purified wax obtained from the leaves of the candelilla plant, Euphorbia antisyphilitica Einecs 232-347-0 Description Hard, yellowish brown, opaque to translucent wax Identification Specific gravity About 0,983 Melting range Between 68,5 oC and 72,5 oC Solubility Insoluble in water Soluble in chloroform and toluene Purity Acid value Not less than 12 and not more than 22 Saponification value Not less than 43 and not more than 65 Glycerol and other polyols Not more than 0,5 % (as glycerol) Ceresin, paraffins and certain other waxes Absent Fats, Japan wax, rosin and soaps Absent Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 903 CARNAUBA WAX A.B.C.

Definition Carnauba wax is a purified wax obtained from the leaf buds and leaves of the Brazilian Mart wax palm, Copernicia cerifera Einecs 232-399-4 Description Light brown to pale yellow powder or flakes or hard and brittle solid with a resinous fracture Identification Specific gravity About 0,997 Melting range Between 82 oC and 86 oC Solubility Insoluble in water Partly soluble in boiling ethanol Soluble in chloroform and diethyl ether Purity Sulphated ash Not more than 0,25 % Acid value Not less than 2 and not more than 7 Ester value Not less than 71 and not more than 88 Unsaponifiable matter Not less than 50 % and not more than 55 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 904 SHELLAC A.B.

Synonyms Bleached shellac, white shellac Definition Shellac is the purified and bleached lac, the resinous secretion of the insect Laccifer (Tachardia) lacca Kerr (Fam. Coccidae) Einecs 232-549-9 Description Bleached shellac — off-white, amorphous, granular resin Wax-free bleached shellac — light yellow, amorphous, granular resin Identification Solubility Insoluble in water; freely (though very slowly) soluble in alcohol; slightly soluble in acetone Acid value Between 60 and 89 Purity Loss on drying Not more than 6,0 % (40 oC, over silica gel, 15h) Rosin Absent Wax Bleached shellac: not more than 5,5 % Wax-free bleached shellac: not more than 0,2 % Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg

E 905 MICROCRYSTALLINE WAX A.B.

Synonyms Petroleum wax Definition Microcrystalline wax is a refined mixture of solid, saturated hydrocarbons, mainly branched paraffin, obtained from petroleum Description White to amber, odourless wax Identification Solubility Insoluble in water, very slightly soluble in ethanol Refractive Index n D1001,434-1,448 Purity Molecular weight Average not less than 500 Viscosity at 100 oC Not less than 1,1 · 10-5 m2s-1 Residue on ignition Not more than 0,1 % Carbon number at 5 % distillation point Not more than 5 % of molecules with carbon number less than 25 Colour Passes test Sulphur Not more than 0,4 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 3 mg/kg Polycyclic aromatic compounds The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, obtained by extraction with dimethyl sulfoxide, shall meet the following ultraviolet absorbency limits: nm Maximum absorbance per cm path length 280-289 0,15 290-299 0,12 300-359 0,08 360-400 0,02

E 907 HYDROGENATED POLY-1-DECENE A.B.

Synonyms Hydrogenated polydec-1-ene Hydrogenated poly-alpha-olefin Definition Chemical formula C10nH20n+2 where n = 3-6 Molecular weight 560 (average) Assay Not less than 98,5 % of hydrogenated poly-1-decene, having the following oligomer distribution: C30: 13-37 % C40: 35-70 % C50: 9-25 % C60: 1-7 % Description Identification Solubility Insoluble in water; slightly soluble in ethanol; soluble in toluene Burning Burns with a bright flame and a paraffin-like characteristic smell Purity Viscosity Between 5,7 × 10-6 and 6,1 × 10-6 m2s-1 at 100 oC Compounds with carbon number less than 30 Not more than 1,5 % Readily carbonisable substances After 10 minutes shaking in a boiling water bath, a tube of sulphuric acid with a 5 g sample of hydrogenated poly-1-decene is not darker than a very slight straw colour Nickel Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 912 MONTAN ACID ESTERS A.B.

Definition Montan acids and/or esters with ethylene glycol and/or 1,3-butanediol and/or glycerol Chemical name Montan acid esters Description Almost white to yellowish flakes, powder, granules or pellets Identification Density (20 oC) Between 0,98 and 1,05 Drop point Greater than 77 oC Purity Acid value Not more than 40 Glycerol Not more than 1 % (by gas chromatography) Other polyols Not more than 1 % (by gas chromatography) Other wax types Not detectable (by differential scanning calorimetry and/or infrared spectroscopy) Arsenic Not more than 2 mg/kg Chromium Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg

E 914 OXIDISED POLYETHYLENE WAX A.B.

Definition Polar reaction products from mild oxidation of polyethylene Chemical name Oxidised polyethylene Description Almost white flakes, powder, granules or pellets Identification Density (20 oC) Between 0,92 and 1,05 Drop point Greater than 95 oC Purity Acid value Not more than 70 Viscosity at 120 oC Not less than 8,1 · 10-5 m2s-1 Other wax types Not detectable (by differential scanning calorimetry and/or infrared spectroscopy) Oxygen Not more than 9,5 % Chromium Not more than 5 mg/kg Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg

E 920 L-CYSTEINE A.B.C.

Definition L-cysteine hydrochloride or hydrochloride monohydrate. Human hair may not be used as a source for this substance Einecs 200-157-7 (anhydrous) Chemical formula C3H7NO2S· HCl· n H20 (where n = 0 or 1) Molecular weight 157,62 (anhydrous) Assay Content not less than 98,0 % and not more than 101,5 % on the anhydrous basis Description White powder or colourless crystals Identification Solubility Freely soluble in water and in ethanol Melting range Anhydrous form melts at about 175 oC Specific rotation [α]20D: between +5,0o and +8,0o or [α]25D: between +4,9o and 7,9o Purity Loss on drying Between 8,0 % and 12,0 % Not more than 2,0 % (anhydrous form) Residue on ignition Not more than 0,1 % Ammonium-ion Not more than 200 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 1,5 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg

E 927b CARBAMIDE A.B.C.D.

Synonyms Urea Definition Einecs 200-315-5 Chemical formula CH4N2O Molecular weight 60,06 Assay Content not less than 99,0 % on the anhydrous basis Description Colourless to white, prismatic, crystalline powder or small, white pellets Identification Solubility Very soluble in water Soluble in ethanol Precipitation with nitric acid To pass the test a white, crystalline precipitate is formed Colour reaction To pass the test a reddish-violet colour is produced Melting range 132 oC to 135 oC Purity Loss on drying Not more than 1,0 % (105 oC, 1h) Sulphated ash Not more than 0,1 % Ethanol-insoluble matter Not more than 0,04 % Alkalinity Passes test Ammonium-ion Not more than 500 mg/kg Biuret Not more than 0,1 % Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg

E 938 ARGON Definition Chemical name Argon Einecs 231-147-0 Chemical formula Ar Molecular weight 40 Assay Not less than 99 % Description Colourless, odourless, non-flammable gas Purity Water Not more than 0,05 % Methane and other hydrocarbons calculated as methane Not more than 100 μl/l

E 939 HELIUM Definition Chemical name Helium Einecs 231-168-5 Chemical formula He Molecular weight 4 Assay Not less than 99 % Description Colourless, odourless, non-flammable gas Purity Water Not more than 0,05 % Methane and other hydrocarbons calculated as methane Not more than 100 μl/l

E 941 NITROGEN

Definition Chemical name Nitrogen Einecs 231-783-9 Chemical formula N2 Molecular weight 28 Assay Not less than 99 % Description Colourless, odourless, non-flammable gas Purity Water Not more than 0,05 % Carbon monoxide Not more than 10 μl/l Methane and other hydrocarbons calculated as methane Not more than 100 μl/l Nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen oxide Not more than 10 μl/l Oxygen Not more than 1 %

E 942 NITROUS OXIDE

Definition Chemical name Nitrous oxide Einecs 233-032-0 Chemical formula N2O Molecular weight 44 Assay Not less than 99 % Description Colourless, non-flammable gas, sweetish odour Purity Water Not more than 0,05 % Carbon monoxide Not more than 30 μl/l Nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen oxide Not more than 10 μl/l

E 943a BUTANE A.

Synonyms n-Butane Definition Chemical name Butane Chemical formula CH3CH2CH2CH3 Molecular weight 58,12 Assay Content not less than 96 % Description Colourless gas or liquid with mild, characteristic odour Identification Vapour pressure 108,935 kPa at 20 oC Purity Methane Not more than 0,15 % v/v Ethane Not more than 0,5 % v/v Propane Not more than 1,5 % v/v Isobutane Not more than 3,0 % v/v 1,3-butadiene Not more than 0,1 % v/v Moisture Not more than 0,005 %

E 943b ISOBUTANE A.

Synonyms 2-methyl propane Definition Chemical name 2-methyl propane Chemical formula (CH3)2CH CH3 Molecular weight 58,12 Assay Content not less than 94 % Description Colourless gas or liquid with mild, characteristic odour Identification Vapour pressure 205,465 kPa at 20 oC Purity Methane Not more than 0,15 % v/v Ethane Not more than 0,5 % v/v Propane Not more than 2,0 % v/v n-Butane Not more than 4,0 % v/v 1,3-butadiene Not more than 0,1 % v/v Moisture Not more than 0,005 %

E 944 PROPANE A.

Definition Chemical name Propane Chemical formula CH3CH2CH3 Molecular weight 44,09 Assay Content not less than 95 % Description Colourless gas or liquid with mild, characteristic odour Identification Vapour pressure 732,910 kPa at 20 oC Purity Methane Not more than 0,15 % v/v Ethane Not more than 1,5 % v/v Isobutane Not more than 2,0 % v/v n-Butane Not more than 1,0 % v/v 1,3-butadiene Not more than 0,1 % v/v Moisture Not more than 0,005 %

E 948 OXYGEN Definition Chemical name Oxygen Einecs 231-956-9 Chemical formula O2 Molecular weight 32 Assay Not less than 99 % Description Colourless, odourless, non-flammable gas Purity Water Not more than 0,05 % Methane and other hydrocarbons calculated as methane Not more than 100 μl/l

E 949 HYDROGEN

Definition Chemical name Hydrogen Einecs 215-605-7 Chemical formula H2 Molecular weight 2 Assay Content not less than 99,9 % Description Colourless, odourless, highly flammable gas Purity Water Not more than 0,005 % v/v Oxygen Not more than 0,001 % v/v Nitrogen Not more than 0,75 % v/v

E 950 ACESULFAME K

Purity criteria for this additive are the same as set out for this additive in Annex I to Directive 2008/60/EC.

E 951 ASPARTAME

Purity criteria for this additive are the same as set out for this additive in Annex I to Directive 2008/60/EC.

E 953 ISOMALT

Purity criteria for this additive are the same as set out for this additive in Annex I to Directive 2008/60/EC.

E 957 THAUMATIN

Purity criteria for this additive are the same as set out for this additive in Annex I to Directive 2008/60/EC.

E 959 NEOHESPERIDINE DIHYDROCHALCONE

Purity criteria for this additive are the same as set out for this additive in Annex I to Directive 2008/60/EC.

E 965(i) MALTITOL

Purity criteria for this additive are the same as set out for this additive in Annex I to Directive 2008/60/EC.

E 965(ii) MALTITOL SYRUP

Purity criteria for this additive are the same as set out for this additive in Annex I to Directive 2008/60/EC.

E 966 LACTITOL

Purity criteria for this additive are the same as set out for this additive in Annex I to Directive 2008/60/EC.

E 967 XYLITOL

Purity criteria for this additive are the same as set out for this additive in Annex I to Directive 2008/60/EC.

E 999 QUILLAIA EXTRACT A.

Synonyms Soapbark extract, Quillay bark extract, Panama bark extract, Quillai extract, Murillo bark extract, China bark extract Definition Quillaia extract is obtained by aqueous extraction of Quillaia saponaria Molina, or other Quillaia species, trees of the family Rosaceae. It contains a number of triterpenoid saponins consisting of glycosides of quillaic acid. Some sugars including glucose, galactose, arabinose, xylose, and rhamnose are also present, along with tannin, calcium oxalate and other minor components Description Quillaia extract in the powder form is light brown with a pink tinge. It is also available as an aqueous solution Identification pH of a 2,5 % solution Between 4,5 and 5,5 Purity Water Not more than 6,0 % (Karl Fischer method) (powder form only) Arsenic Not more than 2 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg

E 1103 INVERTASE

Definition Invertase is produced from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Systematic name β-D-Fructofuranoside fructohydrolase Enzyme Commission No EC 3.2.1.26 Einecs 232-615-7 Purity Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Cadmium Not more than 0,5 mg/kg Total bacterial count Not more than 50000/g Salmonella spp. Absent by test in 25 g Coliforms Not more than 30/g E. coli Absent by test in 25 g

E 1105 LYSOZYME A.B.C.

Synonyms Lysozyme hydrochloride Muramidase Definition Lysozyme is a linear polypeptide obtained from hens' egg whites consisting of 129 amino acids. It possesses enzymatic activity in its ability to hydrolyse the β(1-4) linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine in the outer membranes of bacterial species, in particular gram-positive organisms. Is usually obtained as the hydrochloride Chemical name Enzyme Commission (EC) No: 3.2.1.17 Einecs 232-620-4 Molecular weight About 14000 Assay Content not less than 950 mg/g on the anhydrous basis Description White, odourless powder having a slightly sweet taste Identification Isoelectric point 10,7 pH of a 2 % aqueous solution between 3,0 and 3,6 Absorption maximum of an aqueous solution (25 mg/100 ml) at 281 nm, a minimum at 252 nm Purity Water content Not more than 6,0 % (Karl Fischer method) (powder form only) Residue on ignition Not more than 1,5 % Nitrogen Not less than 16,8 % and not more than 17,8 % Arsenic Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 1 mg/kg Heavy metals (as Pb) Not more than 10 mg/kg Microbiological criteria Total bacterial count Not more than 5 × 104 col/g Salmonellae Absent in 25 g Staphylococcus aureus Absent in 1 g Escherichia coli Absent in 1 g

E 1200 POLYDEXTROSE A.B.

Synonyms Modified polydextroses Definition Randomly bonded glucose polymers with some sorbitol end-groups, and with citric acid or phosphoric acid residues attached to the polymers by mono or diester bonds. They are obtained by melting and condensation of the ingredients and consist of approximately 90 parts D-glucose, 10 parts sorbitol and 1 part citric acid or 0,1 part phosphoric acid. The 1,6-glucosidic linkage predominates in the polymers but other linkages are present. The products contain small quantities of free glucose, sorbitol, levoglucosan (1,6-anhydro-D-glucose) and citric acid and may be neutralised with any food grade base and/or decolorised and deionised for further purification. The products may also be partially hydrogenated with Raney nickel catalyst to reduce residual glucose. Polydextrose-N is neutralised polydextrose Assay Content not less than 90 % of polymer on the ash free and anhydrous basis Description White to light tan-coloured solid. Polydextroses dissolve in water to give a clear, colourless to straw coloured solution Identification Positive tests for sugar and for reducing sugar pH of a 10 % solution Between 2,5 and 7,0 for polydextrose Between 5,0 and 6,0 for polydextrose-N Purity Water Not more than 4,0 % (Karl Fischer method) Sulphated ash Not more than 0,3 % (polydextrose) Not more than 2,0 % (polydextrose N) Nickel Not more than 2 mg/kg for hydrogenated polydextroses 1,6-Anhydro-D-glucose Not more than 4,0 % on the ash-free and the dried basis Glucose and sorbitol Not more than 6,0 % combined on the ash-free and the dried basis; glucose and sorbitol are determined separately Molecular weight limit Negative test for polymers of molecular weight greater than 22000 5-Hydroxy-methylfurfural Not more than 0,1 % (polydextrose) Not more than 0,05 % (polydextrose-N) Lead Not more than 0,5 mg/kg

E 1201 POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE A.B.

Synonyms Povidone PVP Soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone Definition Chemical name Polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly-[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)-ethylene] Chemical formula (C6H9NO)n Molecular weight Not less than 25000 Assay Content not less than 11,5 % and not more than 12,8 % of nitrogen (N) on the anhydrous basis Description White or nearly white powder Identification Solubility Soluble in water and in ethanol. Insoluble in ether pH of a 5 % solution Between 3,0 and 7,0 Purity Water Not more than 5 % (Karl Fischer) Total ash Not more than 0,1 % Aldehyde Not more than 500 mg/kg (as acetaldehyde) Free-N-vinylpyrrolidone Not more than 10 mg/kg Hydrazine Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg

E 1202 POLYVINYLPOLYPYRROLIDONE A.B.

Synonyms Crospovidone Cross linked polyvidone Insoluble polyvinylpyrrolidone Definition Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone is a poly-[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)-ethylene], cross linked in a random fashion. It is produced by the polymerisation of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone in the presence of either caustic catalyst or N, N'-divinyl-imidazolidone. Due to its insolubility in all common solvents the molecular weight range is not amenable to analytical determination Chemical name Polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly-[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)-ethylene] Chemical formula (C6H9NO)n Assay Content not less than 11 % and not more than 12,8 % nitrogen (N) on the anhydrous basis Description A white hygroscopic powder with a faint, non-objectionable odour Identification Solubility Insoluble in water, ethanol and ether pH of a 1 % suspension in water Between 5,0 and 8,0 Purity Water Not more than 6 % (Karl Fischer) Sulphated ash Not more than 0,4 % Water-soluble matter Not more than 1 % Free-N-vinylpyrrolidone Not more than 10 mg/kg Free-N, N'-divinyl-imidazolidone Not more than 2 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg

E 1204 PULLULAN A.B.C.D.

Definition Linear, neutral glucan consisting mainly of maltotriose units connected by -1,6 glycosidic bonds. It is produced by fermentation from a food-grade hydrolysed starch using a non-toxin-producing strain of Aureobasidium pullulans. After completion of the fermentation, the fungal cells are removed by microfiltration, the filtrate is heat-sterilised and pigments and other impurities are removed by adsorption and ion exchange chromatography Einecs 232-945-1 Chemical formula (C6H10O5)x Assay Not less than 90 % of glucan on the dried basis Description White to off-white odourless powder Identification Solubility Soluble in water, practically insoluble in ethanol pH of 10 % solution 5,0 to 7,0 Precipitation with polyethylene glycol 600 Add 2 ml of polyethylene glycol 600 to 10 ml of a 2 % aqueous solution of pullulan. A white precipitate is formed Depoly-merisation with pullulanase Prepare two test tubes each with 10 ml of a 10 % pullulan solution. Add 0,1 ml pullulanase solution having activity 10 units/g to one test tube, and 0,1 ml water to the other. After incubation at about 25 oC for 20 minutes, the viscosity of the pullulanase-treated solution is visibly lower than that of the untreated solution Purity Loss on drying Not more than 6 % (90 oC, pressure not more than 50 mm Hg, 6 h) Mono-, di- and oligosaccharides Not more than 10 % expressed as glucose Viscosity 100 to 180 mm2/s (10 % w/w aqueous solution at 30 oC) Lead Not more than 1 mg/kg Yeast and moulds Not more than 100 colonies per gram Coliforms Absent in 25 g Salmonella Absent in 25 g

E 1404 OXIDISED STARCH A.B.

Definition Oxidised starch is starch treated with sodium hypochlorite Description White or nearly white powder or granules or (if pregelatinised) flakes, amorphous powder or coarse particles Identification If not pregelatinised: by microscopic observation Iodine staining positive (dark blue to light red colour) Purity (all values expressed on an anhydrous basis except for loss on drying) Loss on drying Not more than 15,0 % for cereal starch Not more than 21,0 % for potato starch Not more than 18,0 % for other starches Carboxyl groups Not more than 1,1 % Sulphur dioxide Not more than 50 mg/kg for modified cereal starches Not more than 10 mg/kg for other modified starches, unless otherwise specified Arsenic Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 0,1 mg/kg

E 1410 MONOSTARCH PHOSPHATE A.B.

Definition Monostarch phosphate is starch esterified with ortho-phosphoric acid, or sodium or potassium ortho-phosphate or sodium tripolyphosphate Description White or nearly white powder or granules or (if pregelatinised) flakes, amorphous powder or coarse particles Identification If not pregelatinised: by microscopic observation Iodine staining positive (dark blue to light red colour) Purity (all values expressed on an anhydrous basis except for loss on drying) Loss on drying Not more than 15,0 % for cereal starch Not more than 21,0 % for potato starch Not more than 18,0 % for other starches Residual phosphate Not more than 0,5 % (as P) for wheat or potato starch Not more than 0,4 % (as P) for other starches Sulphur dioxide Not more than 50 mg/kg for modified cereal starches Not more than 10 mg/kg for other modified starches, unless otherwise specified Arsenic Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 0,1 mg/kg

E 1412 DISTARCH PHOSPHATE A.B.

Definition Distarch phosphate is starch cross-linked with sodium trimetaphosphate or phosphorus oxychloride Description White or nearly white powder or granules or (if pregelatinised) flakes, amorphous powder or coarse particles Identification If not pregelatinised: by microscopic observation Iodine staining positive (dark blue to light red colour) Purity (all values expressed on an anhydrous basis except for loss on drying) Loss on drying Not more than 15,0 % for cereal starch Not more than 21,0 % for potato starch Not more than 18,0 % for other starches Residual phosphate Not more than 0,5 % (as P) for wheat or potato starch Not more than 0,4 % (as P) for other starches Sulphur dioxide Not more than 50 mg/kg for modified cereal starches Not more than 10 mg/kg for other modified starches, unless otherwise specified Arsenic Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 0,1 mg/kg

E 1413 PHOSPHATED DISTARCH PHOSPHATE A.B.

Definition Phosphated distarch phosphate is starch having undergone a combination of treatments as described for monostarch phosphate and for distarch phosphate Description White or nearly white powder or granules or (if pregelatinised) flakes, amorphous powder or coarse particles Identification If not pregelatinised: by microscopic observation Iodine staining positive (dark blue to light red colour) Purity (all values expressed on an anhydrous basis except for loss on drying) Loss on drying Not more than 15,0 % for cereal starch Not more than 21,0 % for potato starch Not more than 18,0 % for other starches Residual phosphate Not more than 0,5 % (as P) for wheat or potato starch Not more than 0,4 % (as P) for other starches Sulphur dioxide Not more than 50 mg/kg for modified cereal starches Not more than 10 mg/kg for other modified starches, unless otherwise specified Arsenic Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 0,1 mg/kg

E 1414 ACETYLATED DISTARCH PHOSPHATE A.B.

Definition Acetylated distarch phosphate is starch cross-linked with sodium trimetaphosphate or phosphorus oxychloride and esterified by acetic anhydride or vinyl acetate Description White or nearly white powder or granules or (if pregelatinised) flakes, amorphous powder or coarse particles Identification If not pregelatinised: by microscopic observation Iodine staining positive (dark blue to light red colour) Purity (all values expressed on an anhydrous basis except for loss on drying) Loss on drying Not more than 15,0 % for cereal starch Not more than 21,0 % for potato starch Not more than 18,0 % for other starches Acetyl groups Not more than 2,5 % Residual phosphate Not more than 0,14 % (as P) for wheat or potato starch Not more than 0,04 % (as P) for other starches Vinyl acetate Not more than 0,1 mg/kg Sulphur dioxide Not more than 50 mg/kg for modified cereal starches Not more than 10 mg/kg for other modified starches, unless otherwise specified Arsenic Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 0,1 mg/kg

E 1420 ACETYLATED STARCH A.B.

Synonyms Starch acetate Definition Acetylated starch is starch esterified with acetic anhydride or vinyl acetate Description White or nearly white powder or granules or (if pregelatinised) flakes, amorphous powder or coarse particles Identification If not pregelatinised: by microscopic observation Iodine staining positive (dark blue to light red colour) Purity (all values expressed on an anhydrous basis except for loss on drying) Loss on drying Not more than 15,0 % for cereal starch Not more than 21,0 % for potato starch Not more than 18,0 % for other starches Acetyl groups Not more than 2,5 % Vinyl acetate Not more than 0,1 mg/kg Sulphur dioxide Not more than 50 mg/kg for modified cereal starches Not more than 10 mg/kg for other modified starches, unless otherwise specified Arsenic Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 0,1 mg/kg

E 1422 ACETYLATED DISTARCH ADIPATE A.B.

Definition Acetylated distarch adipate is starch cross-linked with adipic anhydride and esterified with acetic anhydride Description White or nearly white powder or granules or (if pregelatinised) flakes, amorphous powder or coarse particles Identification If not pregelatinised: by microscopic observation Iodine staining positive (dark blue to light red colour) Purity (all values expressed on an anhydrous basis except for loss on drying) Loss on drying Not more than 15,0 % for cereal starch Not more than 21,0 % for potato starch Not more than 18,0 % for other starches Acetyl groups Not more than 2,5 % Adipate groups Not more than 0,135 % Sulphur dioxide Not more than 50 mg/kg for modified cereal starches Not more than 10 mg/kg for other modified starches, unless otherwise specified Arsenic Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 0,1 mg/kg

E 1440 HYDROXYPROPYL STARCH A.B.

Definition Hydroxypropyl starch is starch etherified with propylene oxide Description White or nearly white powder or granules or (if pregelatinised) flakes, amorphous powder or coarse particles Identification If not pregelatinised: by microscopic observation Iodine staining positive (dark blue to light red colour) Purity (all values expressed on an anhydrous basis except for loss on drying) Loss on drying Not more than 15,0 % for cereal starch Not more than 21,0 % for potato starch Not more than 18,0 % for other starches Hydroxypropyl groups Not more than 7,0 % Propylene chlorohydrin Not more than 1 mg/kg Sulphur dioxide Not more than 50 mg/kg for modified cereal starches Not more than 10 mg/kg for other modified starches, unless otherwise specified Arsenic Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 0,1 mg/kg

E 1442 HYDROXYPROPYL DISTARCH PHOSPHATE A.B.

Definition Hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate is starch cross-linked with sodium trimetaphosphate or phosphorus oxychloride and etherified with propylene oxide Description White or nearly white powder or granules or (if pregelatinised) flakes, amorphous powder or coarse particles Identification If not pregelatinised: by microscopic observation Iodine staining positive (dark blue to light red colour) Purity (all values expressed on an anhydrous basis except for loss on drying) Loss on drying Not more than 15,0 % for cereal starch Not more than 21,0 % for potato starch Not more than 18,0 % for other starches Hydroxypropyl groups Not more than 7,0 % Residual phosphate Not more than 0,14 % (as P) for wheat or potato starch Not more than 0,04 (as P) for other starches Propylene chlorohydrin Not more than 1 mg/kg Sulphur dioxide Not more than 50 mg/kg for modified cereal starches Not more than 10 mg/kg for other modified starches, unless otherwise specified Arsenic Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 0,1 mg/kg

E 1450 STARCH SODIUM OCTENYL SUCCINATE A.B.

Synonyms SSOS Definition Starch sodium octenyl succinate is starch esterified with octenylsuccinic anhydride Description White or nearly white powder or granules or (if pregelatinised) flakes, amorphous powder or coarse particles Identification If not pregelatinised: by microscopic observation Iodine staining positive (dark blue to light red colour) Purity (all values expressed on an anhydrous basis except for loss on drying) Loss on drying Not more than 15,0 % for cereal starch Not more than 21,0 % for potato starch Not more than 18,0 % for other starches Octenylsuccinyl groups Not more than 3 % Octenylsuccinic acid residue Not more than 0,3 % Sulphur dioxide Not more than 50 mg/kg for modified cereal starches Not more than 10 mg/kg for other modified starches, unless otherwise specified Arsenic Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 0,1 mg/kg

E 1451 ACETYLATED OXIDISED STARCH A.B.

Definition Acetylated oxidised starch is starch treated with sodium hypochlorite followed by esterification with acetic anhydride Description White or nearly white powder or granules or (if pregelatinised) flakes, amorphous powder or coarse particles Identification If not pregelatinised: by microscopic observation Iodine staining positive (dark blue to light red colour) Purity (all values expressed on an anhydrous basis except for loss on drying) Loss on drying Not more than 15,0 % for cereal starch Not more than 21,0 % for potato starch Not more than 18,0 % for other starches Carboxyl groups Not more than 1,3 % Acetyl groups Not more than 2,5 % Sulphur dioxide Not more than 50 mg/kg for modified cereal starches Not more than 10 mg/kg for other modified starches, unless otherwise specified Arsenic Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 0,1 mg/kg

E 1452 STARCH ALUMINIUM OCTENYL SUCCINATE A.B.

Synonyms SAOS Definition Starch aluminium octenyl succinate is starch esterified with octenylsuccinic anhydride and treated with aluminium sulphate Description White or nearly white powder or granules or (if pregelatinised) flakes, amorphous powder or coarse particles Identification If not pregelatinised: by microscopic observation Iodine staining positive (dark blue to light red colour) Purity (all values expressed on an anhydrous basis except for loss on drying) Loss on drying Not more than 21,0 % Octenylsuccinyl groups Not more than 3 % Octenylsuccinic acid residue Not more than 0,3 % Sulphur dioxide Not more than 50 mg/kg for modified cereal starches Not more than 10 mg/kg for the other modified starches, unless otherwise specified Arsenic Not more than 1 mg/kg Lead Not more than 2 mg/kg Mercury Not more than 0,1 mg/kg Aluminium Not more than 0,3 %

E 1505 TRIETHYL CITRATE A.B.

Synonyms Ethyl citrate Definition Chemical name Triethyl-2-hydroxypropan-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Einecs 201-070-7 Chemical formula C12H20O7 Molecular weight 276,29 Assay Content not less than 99,0 % Description Odourless, practically colourless, oily liquid Identification Specific gravity d2525: 1,135-1,139 Refractive index [n]D20: 1,439-1,441 Purity Water Not more than 0,25 % (Karl Fischer method) Acidity Not more than 0,02 % (as citric acid) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg

E 1517 GLYCERYL DIACETATE A.B.C.D.

Synonyms Diacetin Definition Glyceryl diacetate consist predominantly of a mixture of the 1,2- and 1,3-diacetates of glycerol, with minor amounts of the mono- and tri-esters Chemical names Glyceryl diacetate 1, 2, 3-propanetriol diacetate Chemical formula C7H12O5 Molecular weight 176,17 Assay Not less than 94,0 % Description Clear, colourless, hygroscopic, somewhat oily liquid with a slight, fatty odour Identification Solubility Soluble in water. Miscible with ethanol Positive tests for glycerol and acetate Specific gravity d2020: 1,175-1,195 Boiling range Between 259 and 261 oC Purity Total ash Not more than 0,02 % Acidity Not more than 0,4 % (as ascetic acid) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg

E 1518 GLYCERYL TRIACETATE A.B.C.D.

Synonyms Triacetin Definition Chemical name Glyceryl triacetate Einecs 203-051-9 Chemical formula C9H14O6 Molecular weight 218,21 Assay Content not less than 98,0 % Description Colourless, somewhat oily liquid having a slightly fatty odour Identification Positive tests for acetate and for glycerol Refractive index Between 1,429 and 1,431 at 25 oC Specific gravity (25 oC/25 oC) Between 1,154 and 1,158 Boiling range Between 258 and 270 oC Purity Water Not more than 0,2 % (Karl Fischer method) Sulphated ash Not more than 0,02 % (as citric acid) Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg

E 1519 BENZYL ALCOHOL A.B.C.D.

Synonyms Phenylcarbinol Phenylmethyl alcohol Benzenemethanol Alpha-hydroxytoluene Definition Chemical names Benzyl alcohol Phenylmethanol Chemical formula C7H8O Molecular weight 108,14 Assay Not less than 98,0 % Description Colourless, clear liquid with a faint, aromatic odour Identification Solubility Soluble in water, ethanol and ether Refractive index [n]D20: 1,538-1,541 Specific gravity d2525: 1,042-1,047 Positive test for peroxides Purity Distillation range Not less than 95 % v/v distils between 202 and 208 oC Acid value Not more than 0,5 Aldehydes Not more than 0,2 % v/v (as bezaldehyde) Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg

E 1520 PROPANE-1,2-DIOL A.B.C.

Synonyms Propylene glycol Definition Chemical names 1,2-dihydroxypropane Einecs 200-338-0 Chemical formula C3H8O2 Molecular weight 76,10 Assay Content not less than 99,5 % on the anhydrous basis Description Clear, colourless, hygroscopic, viscous liquid Identification Solubility Soluble in water, ethanol and acetone Specific gravity d2020: 1,035-1,040 Refractive index [n]20D: 1,431-1,433 Purity Distillation range 99 % v/v distils between 185 oC-189 oC Sulphated ash Not more than 0,07 % Water Not more than 1,0 % (Karl Fischer method) Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg

POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 6000 A.B.

Synonyms PEG 6000 Macrogol 6000 Definition Polyethylene glycol 6000 is a mixture of polymers with the general formula H-(OCH2-CH)-OH corresponding to an average relative molecular mass of approximately 6000 Chemical formula (C2H4O)n H2O (n = number of ethylene oxide units corresponding to a molecular weight of 6000, about 140) Molecular weight 5600-7000 Assay Not less than 90,0 % and not more than 110,0 % Description A white or almost white solid with a waxy or paraffin-like appearance Identification Solubility Very soluble in water and in methylene chloride. Practically insoluble in alcohol, in ether and in fatty and mineral oils Melting range Between 55 oC and 61 oC Purity Viscosity Between 0,220 and 0,275 kgm-1s-1 at 20 oC Hydroxyl value Between 16 and 22 Sulphated ash Not more than 0,2 % Ethylene oxide Not more than 0,2 mg/kg Arsenic Not more than 3 mg/kg Lead Not more than 5 mg/kg

ANNEX II

PART A Repealed Directive with list of its successive amendments (referred to in Article 2)

Commission Directive 96/77/EC (OJ L 339, 30.12.1996, p. 1)

Commission Directive 98/86/EC

Commission Directive 2000/63/EC

Commission Directive 2001/30/EC

Commission Directive 2002/82/EC

Commission Directive 2003/95/EC

Commission Directive 2004/45/EC

Commission Directive 2006/129/EC

(OJ L 334, 9.12.1998, p. 1)

(OJ L 277, 30.10.2000, p. 1)

(OJ L 146, 31.5.2001, p. 1)

(OJ L 292, 28.10.2002, p. 1)

(OJ L 283, 31.10.2003, p. 71)

(OJ L 113, 20.4.2004, p. 19)

(OJ L 346, 9.12.2006, p. 15)

PART B List of time-limits for transposition into national law (referred to in Article 2)

Directive Time-limit for transposition 96/77/EC 1 July 1997 98/86/EC 1 July 1999 2000/63/EC 31 March 2001 2001/30/EC 1 June 2002 2002/82/EC 31 August 2003 2003/95/EC 1 November 2004 2004/45/EC 1 April 2005 2006/129/EC 15 February 2008

ANNEX III Correlation table

Directive 96/77/EC This Directive Article 1 Article 1 Article 2 — Article 3 — — Article 2 Article 4 Article 3 Article 5 Article 4 Annex Annex I — Annex II — Annex III

Versions

2008-08-27