Address https://gelex.eu/eli/EU/decision/2006/330@2006-04-05/en

Contents

1. Preamble
2. 1. Article 1
3. Article 1
4. 1.
   1. Article 4 Animal health conditions concerning the origin and treatment of the meat products
5. 1. Article 1
   2. Article 2
   3. Article 3
6. ANNEX
7. ANNEX
8. ANNEX I 1.2.3.
9. (a)
10. (b)
11. (c)
12. ANNEX II
13. PART 1 Regionalised territories for the countries listed in Parts 2 and 3
14. PART 2 1.2.1.2.1.2. Third countries or parts thereof from which imports of meat products into the Community are authorised
15. PART 3 1.2.1.2.1.2. Third countries or parts thereof not authorised under the non-specific treatment regime (A) but from where imports into the Community of biltong/jerky and pasteurised meat products are authorised
16. PART 4 Interpretation of codes used in tables in Parts 2 and 3
17. TREATMENTS REFERRED TO IN ANNEX I Non-specific treatment:

THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,

Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community,

Having regard to Council Directive 92/118/EEC of 17 December 1992 laying down animal health and public health requirements governing trade in and imports into the Community of products not subject to the said requirements laid down in specific Community rules referred to in Annex A(I) to Directive 89/662/EEC and, as regards pathogens, to Directive 90/425/EEC, and in particular Article 10(2)(c) thereof,

Having regard to Council Directive 2002/99/EC of 16 December 2002 laying down the animal health rules governing the production, processing, distribution and introduction of products of animal origin for human consumption, and in particular the introductory phrase of Article 8, the first paragraph of Article 8(1), Article 8(4) and Articles 9(2)(b), (4)(b) and (c) thereof.

Whereas:

(1) Council Decision 79/542/EEC of 21 December 1976 drawing up a list of third countries or parts of third countries, and laying down animal and public health and veterinary certification conditions, for importation into the Community of certain live animals and their fresh meat establishes the animal health conditions for imports into the Community of live animals, excluding equidae, and of fresh meat of such animals but excluding meat preparations.

(2) Commission Decision 2005/432/EC lays down animal and public health rules on imports into the Community of consignments of certain meat products, including the lists of third countries and parts of third countries from which imports of such products are to be authorised. That Decision also lays down the model public and animal health certificates and rules on treatments required for those products.

(3) It is necessary to ensure that there is proper correlation with the regionalisation, where applicable, of third countries, and in particular of Brazil, Namibia and South Africa, for the purposes of importing fresh meat into the Community, in order to ensure that any meat used in meat products does not come from animals from premises subject to restrictions on grounds of disease, to clarify the use of offal in certain meat products and to spell out clearly the requirements for meat of game birds used in meat products.

(4) Serbia and Montenegro are Republics with their own customs territories, which together form a State Union. They should therefore be entered separately on the list of third countries and parts of third countries from which imports of meat products are to be authorised.

(5) Decision 2005/432/EC should therefore be amended accordingly.

(6) The measures provided for in this Decision are in accordance with the opinion of the Standing Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health,

HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:

Article 1

Decision 2005/432/EC is amended as follows:

1. Article 4 is replaced by the following:

Article 1

1.

Article 4 Animal health conditions concerning the origin and treatment of the meat products

Subject to compliance with the conditions concerning the origin and treatment of the meat products set out in Annex I(1) and (2), Member States shall authorise imports of meat products originating in the following third countries and parts of third countries:

(a) in the case of meat products not subject to a specific treatment as referred to in point 2(a)(ii) of Annex I, the third countries listed in Part 2 of Annex II and the parts of third countries listed in Part 1 of that Annex;

(b) in the case of meat products subject to a specific treatment as referred to in point 2(a)(ii) of Annex I, the third countries listed in Parts 2 and 3 of Annex II and the parts of third countries listed in Part 1 of that Annex.;

Article 1

2. Annexes I, II and III are replaced by the text in the Annex to this Decision.

Article 2

This Decision shall apply from 1 July 2006. However, animal and public health certificates issued before the date of application of this Decision may be used until 1 October 2006.

Article 3

This Decision is addressed to the Member States.

Done at Brussels, 5 April 2006. For the Commission Markos Kyprianou Member of the Commission

ANNEX

ANNEX

ANNEX I 1.2.3.

Meat products originating in the third countries or parts of third countries referred to in Article 4(a) shall contain meat eligible for import into the Community as fresh meat and/or meat products derived from one or more of the species or animals which have undergone a non-specific treatment as set out in Part 4 of Annex II. Meat products originating in the third countries or parts of third countries referred to in Article 4(b) shall comply with the following conditions set out in (a), (b) or (c). The treatments set out in Part 4 of Annex II shall constitute the minimum acceptable processing conditions for animal health purposes for meat derived from the relevant species or animal originating in the third countries or parts of third countries listed in Annex II. However, in cases where offal is not authorised owing to animal health restrictions, it may be used in a meat product provided the relevant treatment referred to in Part 2 of Annex II is carried out. In addition, an establishment may be authorised to produce meat products that have undergone treatments B, C or D as referred to in Part 4 of Annex II, even where that establishment is located in a third country or part of a third country that is not authorised for imports into the Community of fresh meat.

1.2.

(a) the meat products must:

(a)

(i) contain meat and/or meat products derived from a single species or animal as set out under the relevant column in Parts 2 and 3 of Annex II indicating the species or animal concerned; and

(ii) have undergone at least the specific treatment required for meat of that species or animal as set out in Part 4 of Annex II; or

(b) the meat products must:

(b)

(i) contain fresh, processed or partly processed meat of more than one species or animal as set out under the relevant column of Parts 2 and 3 of Annex II which are mixed prior to undergoing their final treatment as set out in Part 4 of Annex II; and

(ii) the final treatment referred to in (i) must be at least as severe as the most severe treatment set out in Part 4 of Annex II for meat of the species or animals concerned as set out under the relevant column in Parts 2 and 3 of Annex II; or

(c) the final meat products must:

(c)

(i) be prepared by mixing previously treated meat of more than one species or animal; and

(ii) the previous treatment referred to in (i) which each meat component of the meat product has undergone must have been at least as severe as the relevant treatment set out in Part 4 of Annex II for the species or animal concerned as set out under the relevant column.

ANNEX II

PART 1 Regionalised territories for the countries listed in Parts 2 and 3

Country Territory Description of territory ISO code Version Argentina AR 01/2004 Whole country AR-1 01/2004 The whole country, except the Provinces of Chubut, Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego for the species covered by Decision 79/542/EEC (as last amended) AR-2 01/2004 The Provinces of Chubut, Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego for the species covered by Decision 79/542/EEC (as last amended) Bulgaria BG 01/2004 Whole country BG-1 01/2004 As described in Annex II, Part I, to Decision 79/542/EEC (as last amended) BG-2 01/2004 As described in Annex II, Part I, to Decision 79/542/EEC (as last amended) Brazil BR 01/2004 Whole country BR-1 01/2005 States of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná, São Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul BR-2 01/2005 Part of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul (except for the municipalities of Sonora, Aquidauana, Bodoqueno, Bonito, Caracol, Coxim, Jardim, Ladario, Miranda, Pedro Gomes, Porto Murtinho, Rio Negro, Rio Verde of Mato Grosso and Corumbá); State of Paraná; State of Sao Paulo; part of the State of Minas Gerais (except the regional delegations of Oliveira, Passos, São Gonçalo de Sapucai, Setelagoas and Bambuí); State of Espíritu Santo; State of Rio Grande do Sul; State of Santa Catarina; State of Goias; part of the State of Mato Grosso comprising: the regional unit of Cuiaba (except for the municipalities of San Antonio de Leverger, Nossa Senhora do Livramento, Pocone and Barão de Melgaço); the regional unit of Caceres (except for the municipality of Caceres); the regional unit of Lucas do Rio Verde; the regional unit of Rondonopolis (except for the municipality of Itiquiora); the regional unit of Barra do Garça and the regional unit of Barra do Burgres BR-3 01/2005 States of Goiás, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and São Paulo Malaysia MY 01/2004 Whole country MY-1 01/2004 Peninsular (Western) Malaysia only Namibia NA 01/2005 Whole country NA-1 01/2005 South of the cordon fences which extend from Palgrave Point in the west to Gam in the east South Africa ZA 01/2005 Whole country ZA-1 01/2005 The whole country except: the part of the foot-and-mouth disease control area situated in the veterinary regions of Mpumalanga and Northern provinces, the district of Ingwavuma in the veterinary region of Natal and in the border area with Botswana east of longitude 28°, and the district of Camperdown in the province of KwaZulu-Natal

PART 2 1.2.1.2.1.2. Third countries or parts thereof from which imports of meat products into the Community are authorised

XXX No certificate laid down and meat products containing meat of this species are not authorised. ISO code Country of origin or part thereof Domestic bovine Farmed cloven-hoofed game-(excluding swine) Domestic ovine/caprine Domestic porcine Farmed cloven-hoofed game (swine) Domestic soliped Domestic poultry Farmed feathered game (except ratites) Farmed ratites Domestic rabbit and farmed leporidae Wild cloven-hoofed game (excluding swine) Wild swine Wild soliped Wild leporidae (rabbits and hares) Wild game birds Wild land mammalian game (excluding ungulates, solipeds and leporidae) AR Argentina AR C C C A A A A C C XXX A D XXX Argentina AR-1 C C C A A A A C C XXX A D XXX Argentina AR-2 A A C A A A A C C XXX A D XXX AU Australia A A A A D D A A A XXX A D A BG BulgariaBG D D D A A A A D D XXX A A XXX Bulgaria BG-1 A A D A A A A A D XXX A A XXX Bulgaria BG-2 D D D A A A A D D XXX A A XXX BH Bahrain B B B B XXX XXX A C C XXX A XXX XXX BR Brazil XXX XXX XXX A D D A XXX XXX XXX A D XXX Brazil BR-1 XXX XXX XXX A XXX A A XXX XXX XXX A A XXX Brazil BR-2 C C C A D D A C XXX XXX A D XXX Brazil BR-3 XXX XXX XXX A A XXX A XXX XXX XXX A D XXX BW Botswana B B B B XXX A A B B A A XXX XXX BY Belarus C C C B XXX XXX A C C XXX A XXX XXX CA Canada A A A A A A A A A XXX A A A CH Switzerland A A A A A A A A A XXX A A XXX CL Chile A A A A A A A B B XXX A A XXX CN China B B B B B B A B B XXX A B XXX CO Colombia B B B B XXX A A B B XXX A XXX XXX ET Ethiopia B B B B XXX XXX A B B XXX A XXX XXX GL Greenland XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX A XXX XXX XXX A A A HK Hong Kong B B B B D D A B B XXX A XXX XXX HR Croatia A A D A A A A A D XXX A A XXX IL Israel B B B B A A A B B XXX A A XXX IN India B B B B XXX XXX A B B XXX A XXX XXX IS Iceland B B B A A A A B B XXX A A XXX KE Kenya B B B B XXX XXX A B B XXX A XXX XXX KR South Korea XXX XXX XXX XXX D D A XXX XXX XXX A D XXX MA Morocco B B B B XXX XXX A B B XXX A XXX XXX MG Madagascar B B B B D D A B B XXX A D XXX MK Former Yugoslav Rep. of Macedonia A A B A XXX XXX A B B XXX A XXX XXX MU Mauritius B B B B XXX XXX A B B XXX A XXX XXX MX Mexico A D D A D D A D D XXX A D XXX MY Malaysia MY XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX Malaysia MY-1 XXX XXX XXX XXX D D A XXX XXX XXX A D XXX NA Namibia B B B B D A A B B A A D XXX NZ New Zealand A A A A A A A A A XXX A A A PY Paraguay C C C B XXX XXX A C C XXX A XXX XXX RO Romania A A D A A A A A D XXX A A A RU Russia C C C B XXX XXX A C C XXX A XXX A SG Singapore B B B B D D A B B XXX A XXX XXX SZ Swaziland B B B B XXX XXX A B B A A XXX XXX TH Thailand B B B B A A A B B XXX A D XXX TN Tunisia C C B B A A A B B XXX A D XXX TR Turkey XXX XXX XXX XXX D D A XXX XXX XXX A D XXX UA Ukraine XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX A XXX XXX XXX A XXX XXX US United States A A A A A A A A A XXX A A XXX UY Uruguay C C B A D A A XXX XXX XXX A D XXX XM Montenegro A A D A D D A D D XXX A XXX XXX XS Serbia A A D A D D A D D XXX A XXX XXX ZA South Africa C C C A D A A C C A A D XXX ZW Zimbabwe C C B A D A A B B XXX A D XXX

PART 3 1.2.1.2.1.2. Third countries or parts thereof not authorised under the non-specific treatment regime (A) but from where imports into the Community of biltong/jerky and pasteurised meat products are authorised

ISO code Country of origin or part thereof Domestic bovine Farmed cloven-hoofed game (excluding swine) Domestic ovine/caprine Domestic porcine Farmed cloven-hoofed game (swine) Domestic soliped Domestic poultry Farmed feathered game Ratites Domestic rabbit and farmed leporidae Wild cloven-hoofed game (excluding swine) Wild swine Wild soliped Wild leporidae (rabbits and hares) Wild game birds Wild land mammalian game (excluding ungulates, solipeds and leporidae) AR Argentina AR F F XXX XXX XXX XXX A XXX XXX XXX A XXX XXX NA Namibia XXX XXX XXX XXX E E A XXX XXX A A E XXX Namibia NA-1 E E XXX XXX E E A XXX XXX A A E ZA South Africa XXX XXX XXX XXX E E A XXX XXX A A E XXX South Africa ZA-1 E E XXX XXX E E A XXX XXX A A E ZW Zimbabwe XXX XXX XXX XXX E E A XXX XXX E A E XXX

PART 4 Interpretation of codes used in tables in Parts 2 and 3

TREATMENTS REFERRED TO IN ANNEX I Non-specific treatment:

A No minimum specified temperature or other treatment is established for animal health purposes for the meat product. However, the meat must have undergone a treatment such that its cut surface shows that it no longer has the characteristics of fresh meat and the fresh meat used must also satisfy the animal health rules applicable to exports of fresh meat into the Community.

Specific treatments listed in descending order of severity:

B Treatment in a hermetically sealed container to an Fo value of three or more. C A minimum temperature of 80 °C which must be reached throughout the meat during the processing of the meat product. D A minimum temperature of 70 °C which must be reached throughout the meat during the processing of meat products, or for raw ham, a treatment consisting of natural fermentation and maturation of not less than nine months and resulting in the following characteristics: E In the case of biltong-type products, a treatment to achieve: F A heat treatment ensuring that a centre temperature of at least 65 °C is reached for a period of time as necessary to achieve a pasteurisation value (pv) equal to or above 40.

Aw value of not more than 0,93,

pH value of not more than 6,0.

Aw value of not more than 0,93,

pH value of not more than 6,0.

Model animal and public health certificate for meat products intended for consignment to the European Community from third countries (*) Model MEAT PRODUCT 1. Consignor (name and address in full) VETERINARY CERTIFICATE for meat product (1) imported into the European Community No (2) ORIGINAL 3. Origin of meat product (3) 2. Consignee (name and address in full) 3.1. Country: 3.2. Code of territory: 4. Competent authority 4.1. Ministry: 4.2. Department: 5. Intended destination of meat product 5.1. EU Member State: 4.3. Local/regional level: 5.2. Establishment: Name and address Approval or registration number (where applicable) 6. Address(es) and veterinary approval number of: (6) 6.1. Establishment(s) supplying fresh meat: 7. Means of transport and consignment identification (4) 7.1. [Lorry]/ [Railway wagon]/[Ship]/[Aircraft] (5) 6.2. Meat product establishment: 7.2. Registration number(s), ship’s name or flight number: (4) 6.3. Storage establishment 8. Identification of meat product 8.1. IIndicate species of origin of meat(s) used in meat product (animal species) (7). Domestic species: Bovine Ovine Caprine Porcine Soliped Poultry specify Farmed game: Cloven hoofed (excluding swine) (specify) ; Swine Birds (specify) ; Rabbits Other leporidae (specify) ; Wild game: Cloven hoofed (excluding swine) (specify) ; Swine Birds (specify) ; Soliped Leporidae (specify) ; Others (specify) ; 8.2. Description of meat product: 8.3. Type of pieces: 8.4. Type of packaging: 8.5. Number of pieces or packages: 8.6. Required storage and transport temperature: 8.7. Storage life: 8.8. Net weight: 9. Animal health attestation I, the undersigned official veterinarian, certify that: 9.1. the meat product contains the following meat components and meets the criteria indicated below: Species (A) Treatment (B) Origin (C) (A) Insert the code for the relevant species of meat (including offal) where BOV = domestic bovine animals (Bos Taurus, Bison bison, Bubalus bubalus and their crossbreeds); OVI = domestic sheep (Ovis aries) and goats (Capra hircus); EQI = domestic equine animals (Equus caballus, Equus asinus and their crossbreeds), POR = domestic porcine animals (Sus scrofa); RAB = domestic rabbits, PFG = domestic poultry and farmed feathered game, RUF farmed non-domestic animals other than suidae and solipeds; RUW = wild non-domestic animals other than suidae and solipeds; SUW = wild non-domestic suidae: EQW = wild non-domestic solipeds, WLP = wild leporidae, WGB = wild game birds. (B) Insert A, B, C, D, E or F for the required treatment as specified and defined in Parts 2, 3 and 4 of Annex II to Decision 2005/432/EC. (C) Insert the ISO code of the country of origin and, in the case of regionalisation under Community legislation for the relevant meat components, the region as indicated in Part 1 of Annex II to Decision 2005/432/EC. (5) 9.2. the meat product described in 9.1 has been prepared from fresh meat of bovine, ovine, caprine, porcine, soliped, farmed and wild game animals of these species and the fresh meat used in the production of the meat products: either [9.2.1. has undergone a non-specific treatment as specified under point A in Part 4 of Annex II to Decision 2005/432/EC] and: (5) either [9.2.1.1. satisfies the relevant animal and public health requirements laid down in the appropriate health certificate(s) in Annex II, Part 2, to Council Decision 79/542/EEC and originates in a third country, or part thereof in the case of regionalisation under Community legislation, as described in the relevant column of part 2 of Annex II to Decision 2005/432/EC] (5) or [9.2.1.1. originates in a Member State of the European Community] (5) or [9.2.1. meets any requirements agreed under Directive 2002/99/EC, is derived from animals coming from a holding not subject to restrictions for the specific diseases mentioned in the appropriate health certificate(s) in Annex II, Part 2, to Council Decision 79/542/EEC and within a 10 km radius of which no outbreaks of such diseases have occurred in the last 30 days and has undergone the specific treatment laid down for the third country of origin or part thereof for the meat of the species concerned in Parts 2 or 3 (as appropriate) of Annex II to Commission Decision 2005/432/EC] (5) (5) 9.3. the meat product described in 9.1 has been prepared from fresh meat of domestic poultry, including farmed or wild game birds, that: either [9.3.1. has undergone a non-specific treatment as specified under point A in Part 4 of Annex II to Decision 2005/432/EC] and: (5) either [9.3.1.1. satisfies the animal health requirements laid down in Commission Decision 94/984/EC] (5) or [9.3.1.1. originates in a Member State of the European Community satisfying the requirements of Articles 3, 4 and 5 of Council Directive 91/494/EEC] (5) or [9.3.1. originates in a third country referred to in Annex II, Chapter I, to Council Directive 92/118/EEC, comes from a holding not subject to restrictions for avian influenza or Newcastle disease within a 10 km radius of which no outbreaks of such diseases have occurred in the last 30 days and has undergone the specific treatment laid down for the third country of origin or part thereof for the meat of the species concerned in Parts 2 or 3 (as appropriate) of Annex II to Decision 2005/432/EC] (5) or [9.3.1. originates in a third country referred to in Annex II, Chapter I, to Council Directive 92/118/EEC, comes from a holding not subject to restrictions for avian influenza or Newcastle disease within a 10 km radius of which no outbreaks of such diseases have occurred in the last 30 days, and has undergone the specific treatment referred to in points B, C or D in Part 4 of Annex II to Decision 2005/432/EC, provided that such treatment is more severe than that indicated in Parts 2 and 3 of Annex II to that Decision] (5) (5) [9.4. in the case of meat products derived from fresh meat of leporidae and other land mammals: satisfies the relevant animal health and public health requirements laid down in Commission Decision 2000/585/EC and has not come from a holding subject to restrictions for animal diseases affecting the animals concerned within a 10 km radius of which no outbreaks of such diseases have occurred in the last 30 days; 9.5. the meat product: 9.5.1. [consists of meat and/or meat products derived from a single species and has undergone the treatment satisfying the relevant conditions laid down in Annex II to Decision 2005/432/EC] or (5) 9.5.1. [consists of meat of more than one species and, after such meat has been mixed, the entire product has subsequently undergone a treatment at least as severe as that required for the meat components of the meat product as laid down in Annex II to Commission Decision 2005/432/EC] or (5) 9.5.1. [has been prepared from meat of more than one species and each meat component has previously undergone a treatment prior to mixing which meets the relevant treatment requirements for meat of that species as laid down in Annex II to 2005/432/EC]; (5) 9.6. after treatment all precautions to avoid contamination have been taken. (5) [9.7. Additional guarantees: in the case of poultrymeat products which have not undergone a specific treatment and are destined for Member States or regions thereof which have been recognised in accordance with Article 12 of Council Directive 90/539/EEC, the poultrymeat has been derived from poultry which was not vaccinated with a live vaccine against Newcastle disease in the 30 days prior to slaughter] 10. (5)(9) Public Health Attestation 10.1. the label affixed to the packaging of the meat products described above bears a mark to the effect that the meat products come wholly from fresh meat of animals slaughtered in slaughterhouses approved for export to the European Community or of animals slaughtered in a slaughterhouse designated for the delivery of meat for the required treatment as laid down in Parts 2 and 3 of Annex II to Decision 2005/432/EC; 10.2. the meat products have as such been passed as fit for human consumption following a veterinary inspection carried out in accordance with Directive 72/462/EEC; 10.3. the meat products have been obtained from pig meat which [has][has not] undergone an examination for trichinosis and, where it has not undergone the latter, has undergone cold treatment; 10.4. the means of transport and the loading conditions for meat products in this consignment meet the hygiene requirements laid down for exports to the European Community; 10.5. the meat products have been obtained from meat which satisfies the requirements in Chapter III of Directive 72/462/EEC and those in Article 3 of Directive 77/99/EEC, or have been obtained by virtue of the derogation provided for in Article 21a(2) of Directive 72/462/EEC. 11. (5)(10) I have read and understood Annex II, Chapter I, to Directive 92/118/EEC (as last amended), including the specific provisions in that Chapter applying to the meat products described in 9.1, and certify that the products described in 9.1 meet the requirements provided for in that Chapter. 12. Official stamp and signature Done at on (signature of official veterinarian) (stamp) (8) (name in capital letters, qualifications and title) Notes (1) Meat products as laid down in Article 2(a) of Directive 77/99/EEC. (2) Issued by the competent authority. (3) Country and description of territory in Annex II to Commission Decision 2005/432/EC. (4) The registration number(s) of the railway wagon or lorry and the name of the ship should be given as appropriate. If known, the flight number of the aircraft should be given. (5) Keep as appropriate. (6) Complete as appropriate. (7) Mark box accordingly (8) The colour of the signature and the stamp, except where the latter is embossed or watermarked, shall be different from that of the printed form. (9) In the case of meat products containing meat of bovine, ovine, caprine, porcine, soliped, farmed and wild game animals of these species. (10) In the case of meat products containing meat of poultry, farmed and wild game birds, rabbit and wild leporidae. (*) Without prejudice to specific certification requirements provided for in Community agreements with third countries.

Versions

1. 2006-04-05

Cited by

• Commission Regulation (EC) No 1792/2006 of 23 October 2006 adapting certain regulations and decisions in the fields of free movement of goods, freedom of movement of persons, competition policy, agriculture (veterinary and phytosanitary legislation), fisheries, transport policy, taxation, statistics, social policy and employment, environment, customs union, and external relations by reason of the accession of Bulgaria and Romania Regulation · Grade B

  32006 D 0330: Commission Decision 2006/330/EC of 5.4.2006 (OJ L 121, 6.5.2006, p. 43).