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Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2016/588 of 14 April 2016 on the approval of the technology used in 12 Volt efficient alternators as an innovative technology for reducing CO2 emissions from passenger cars pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council (Text with EEA relevance)

In forceVersion 2016-04-14from 2016-05-06
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Contents
  1. Preamble
    1. Article 1 Approval
    2. Article 2 Application for certification of CO2 savings
    3. Article 3 Certification of CO2 savings
    4. Article 4 Eco-innovation code
    5. Article 5 Entry into force
  3. ANNEX
  4. ANNEX METHODOLOGY TO DETERMINE THE CO2 SAVINGS OF A 12 V EFFICIENT ALTERNATOR
  5. 1.
  6. Latin symbols
  7. Greek symbols
  8. Subscripts
  9. 2. Test equipment
  10. 3. Table 1 Operating points
  11. Formula 6 Table 2 Table 3 Consumption of effective power Fuel conversion factor

THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,

Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,

Having regard to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 setting emissions performance standards for new passenger cars as part of the Community's integrated approach to reduce CO2 emissions from light-duty vehicles, and in particular Article 12(4) thereof,

Whereas:

(1) The application submitted by the supplier Valeo Equipments Electriques Moteur on 3 November 2015 for the approval of the Valeo high efficient alternator with high efficiency diodes, and the application submitted by the supplier Robert Bosch GmbH on 10 June 2015 for the approval of the Bosch efficient alternator with MOS gated diodes (MGD) have been assessed in accordance with Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 443/2009, Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 and the Technical Guidelines for the preparation of applications for the approval of innovative technologies pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009.

(2) The information provided in the Valeo and Bosch applications demonstrates that the conditions and the criteria referred to in Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 and in Articles 2 and 4 of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 have been met. As a consequence, the Valeo and Bosch efficient alternators should be approved as innovative technologies.

(3) By Implementing Decisions 2013/341/EU, 2014/465/EU, (EU) 2015/158, (EU) 2015/295 and (EU) 2015/2280 the Commission has approved six applications concerning technologies that contribute to improving the efficiency of alternators. Based on the experience gained from the assessment of those applications as well as the Valeo and Bosch applications, it has been satisfactorily and conclusively demonstrated that a 12 Volt (12 V) alternator with a minimum efficiency ranging from 73,4 % to 74,2 %, depending on the powertrain, and a mass not exceeding the mass of the baseline alternator by more than maximum 3 kg meets the eligibility criteria referred to in Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 and Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 and provides a reduction in CO2 emissions of at least 1 g CO2/km compared to a baseline alternator with an efficiency of 67 %.

(4) It is therefore appropriate to provide manufacturers with the possibility to certify the CO2 savings from 12 V efficient alternators that meet those conditions. In order to ensure that only alternators that are compliant with those conditions are proposed for certification, the manufacturer should provide a verification report from an independent verification body confirming the compliance together with the application for certification submitted to the type approval authority.

(5) If the type approval authority finds that the 12 V alternator does not satisfy the conditions for certification, the application for certification of the savings should be rejected.

(6) It is appropriate to approve the testing methodology for determining the CO2 savings from 12 V efficient alternators.

(7) In order to determine the CO2 savings from a 12 V efficient alternator, it is necessary to establish the baseline technology against which the efficiency of the alternator should be assessed. On the basis of the experience gained, it is appropriate to consider a 12 V alternator with 67 % efficiency as a baseline technology.

(8) The savings from a 12 V efficient alternator may be partially demonstrated on the test referred to in Annex XII to Commission Regulation (EC) No 692/2008. It is therefore necessary to ensure that this partial coverage is taken into account in the testing methodology for CO2 savings from 12 V efficient alternators.

(9) In order to facilitate a wider deployment of 12 V efficient alternators in new vehicles, a manufacturer should also have the possibility to apply for the certification of the CO2 savings from several 12 V efficient alternators by a single certification application. It is however appropriate to ensure that where this possibility is used a mechanism is applied that incentivises the deployment of only those alternators that offer the highest efficiency.

(10) For the purposes of determining the general eco-innovation code to be used in the relevant type approval documents in accordance with Annexes I, VIII and IX to Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, the individual code to be used for the innovative technology for 12 V efficient alternators should be specified,

HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:

Article 1 Approval

The technology used in the Valeo high efficient alternator with high efficiency diodes and in the Bosch efficient alternator with MOS gated diodes is approved as an innovative technology within the meaning of Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 443/2009.

Article 2 Application for certification of CO2 savings

1. The manufacturer may apply for certification of the CO2 savings from one or several 12 Volt (V) efficient alternators intended for use in M1 vehicles, provided that it complies with the following conditions:

(a) it is a component used solely to charge the vehicle battery and to power the electrical system of the vehicle when its combustion engine is running;

(b) the mass of the efficient alternator does not exceed the mass of the baseline alternator of 7 kg by more than 3 kg;

(c) its efficiency is at least:

(i) 73,8 % for petrol-fuelled vehicles;

(ii) 73,4 % for petrol turbo-fuelled vehicles;

(iii) 74,2 % for diesel-fuelled vehicles.

2. An application for the certification of the savings from one or several efficient alternators shall be accompanied by an independent verification report certifying that the alternator or alternators comply with the conditions set out in paragraph 1.

3. The type approval authority shall reject the application for certification if it finds that the alternator or alternators do not comply with the conditions set out in paragraph 1.

Article 3 Certification of CO2 savings

1. The reduction in CO2 emissions from the use of an efficient alternator referred to in Article 2(1) shall be determined using the methodology set out in the Annex.

2. Where a manufacturer applies for the certification of the CO2 savings from more than one efficient alternator referred to in Article 2(1) in relation to one vehicle version, the type approval authority shall determine which of the alternators tested delivers the lowest CO2 savings, and record the lowest value in the relevant type approval documentation. That value shall be indicated in the certificate of conformity in accordance with Article 11(2) of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011.

Article 4 Eco-innovation code

The eco-innovation code No 17 shall be entered into the type approval documentation where reference is made to this Decision in accordance with Article 11(1) of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011.

Article 5 Entry into force

This Decision shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.

Done at Brussels, 14 April 2016. For the Commission The President Jean-Claude Juncker

ANNEX

ANNEX METHODOLOGY TO DETERMINE THE CO2 SAVINGS OF A 12 V EFFICIENT ALTERNATOR

1. INTRODUCTION In order to determine the CO2 savings that can be attributed to the use of an efficient alternator in an M1 vehicle, it is necessary to specify the following:

1.

(1) the testing conditions;

(2) the test equipment;

(3) the determination of the efficiency of the efficient alternator and the baseline alternator;

(4) the calculation of the CO2 savings;

(5) the calculation of the statistical error.

Symbols, parameters and units

Latin symbols

CCO2 CO2 savings [g CO2/km] CO2 Carbon dioxide CF Conversion factor (l/100 km) — (g CO2/km) [g CO2/l] as defined in Table 3 h Frequency as defined in Table 1 I Current intensity at which the measurement shall be carried out [A] m Number of measurements of the sample M Torque [Nm] n Rotational frequency [min– 1] as defined in Table 1 P Power [W] sηEI Standard deviation of the eco-innovative alternator efficiency [%] sηEI Standard deviation of the eco-innovative alternator efficiency mean [%] sCCO2 Standard deviation of the total CO2 savings [g CO2/km] U Test voltage at which the measurement shall be carried out [V] v Mean driving speed of the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) [km/h] VPe Consumption of effective power [l/kWh] as defined in Table 2 Sensitivity of calculated CO2 savings related to the efficiency of the eco-innovative alternator

Greek symbols

Δ Difference η Baseline alternator efficiency [%] ηEI Efficient alternator efficiency [%] ηEIi Mean of the eco-innovative alternator efficiency at operating point i [%]

Subscripts

Index (i) refers to operating point Index (j) refers to measurement of the sample EI Eco-innovative m Mechanical RW Real-world conditions TA Type approval conditions B Baseline

2. TEST CONDITIONS The testing conditions shall fulfil the requirements specified in ISO 8854:2012.

2. Test equipment

The test equipment shall be in accordance with the specifications set out in ISO 8854:2012.

3. Table 1 Operating points

MEASUREMENTS AND DETERMINATION OF THE EFFICIENCY The efficiency of the efficient alternator shall be determined in accordance with ISO 8854:2012, with the exception of the elements specified in the present paragraph. The measurements shall be conducted at different operating points i, as defined in Table 1. The alternator current intensity is defined as half of the rated current for all operating points. For each speed the voltage and the output current of the alternator are to be kept constant, the voltage at 14,3 V. Operating point i Holding time [s] Rotational frequency ni [min– 1] Frequency hi 1 1200 1800 0,25 2 1200 3000 0,40 3 600 6000 0,25 4 300 10000 0,10 The efficiency shall be calculated in accordance with to Formula 1.

Formula 1 ηEIi60UiIi2πMini100 All efficiency measurements are to be performed consecutively at least five (5) times. The average of the measurements at each operating point (ηEIi) has to be calculated. The efficiency of the eco-innovative alternator (ηEI) shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 2.

Formula 2 ηEI4i1hiηEIi The efficient alternator leads to saved mechanical power under real-world conditions (ΔPmRW) and type approval conditions (ΔPmTA) as defined in Formula 3.

Formula 3 ΔPm = ΔPmRW – ΔPmTA Where the saved mechanical power under real-world conditions (ΔPmRW) is calculated in accordance with Formula 4 and the saved mechanical power under type-approval conditions (ΔPmTA) in accordance with Formula 5.

Formula 4 ΔPmRWPRWηBPRWηEI

Formula 5 ΔPmTAPTAηBPTAηEI where PRW Power requirement under real-world conditions [W], which is 750 W PTA Power requirement under type-approval conditions [W], which is 350 W ηB Efficiency of the baseline alternator [%], which is 67 %

Calculation of the CO2 savings

The CO2 savings of the efficient alternator are to be calculated with the following formula.

Formula 6 Table 2 Table 3 Consumption of effective power Fuel conversion factor

CCO2ΔPmVPeCFv where v Mean driving speed of the NEDC [km/h], which is 33,58 km/h VPe Is the consumption of effective power specified in the following Table 2 Type of engine Consumption of effective power (VPe) [l/kWh] Petrol 0,264 Petrol Turbo 0,280 Diesel 0,220 CF Is the factor specified in the following Table 3 Type of fuel Conversion factor (l/100 km) — (g CO2/km) (CF) [g CO2/l] Petrol 2330 Diesel 2640

Calculation of the statistical error

The statistical errors in the results of the testing methodology caused by the measurements are to be quantified. For each operating point the standard deviation is calculated as defined by the following formula:

Formula 7 sηEIisηEIimj1mηEIijηEIi2mm1 The standard deviation of the efficiency value of the efficient alternator (sηEI) is calculated in accordance with formula 8:

Formula 8 sηEI4i1hisηEIi2 The standard deviation of the alternator efficiency (sηEI) leads to an error in the CO2 savings (sCCO2). That error is calculated in accordance with formula 9:

Formula 9

Statistical Significance

It has to be demonstrated for each type, variant and version of a vehicle fitted with the efficient alternator that the error in the CO2 savings calculated in accordance with Formula 9 is not greater than the difference between the total CO2 savings and the minimum savings threshold specified in Article 9(1) of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 (see Formula 10).

Formula 10 MTCCO2sCCO2 where: MT Minimum threshold [g CO2/km], which is 1 g CO2/km

Test and evaluation Report

The report shall include:

Model and mass of the tested alternators

Description of the bench

Test results (measured values)

Calculated results and corresponding formulae

The efficient alternator to be fitted in vehicles

The type approval authority is to certify the CO2 savings based on measurements of the efficient alternator and the baseline alternator using the test methodology set out in this Annex. Where the CO2 emission savings are below the threshold specified in Article 9(1), the second subparagraph of Article 11(2) of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 shall apply.

Versions

  1. 2016-04-14

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