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Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/1119 of 28 June 2019 on the approval of efficient vehicle exterior lighting using light emitting diodes for use in internal combustion engine vehicles and non-externally chargeable hybrid electrified vehicles as an innovative technology for reducing CO2 emissions from passenger cars pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council (Text with EEA relevance)

In forceVersion 2019-06-28from 2019-07-21
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Contents
  1. Preamble
    1. Article 1 Approval
    2. Article 2 Definition
    3. Article 3 Application for certification of CO2 savings
    4. Article 4 Certification of CO2 savings
    5. Article 5 Eco-innovation code
    6. Article 6 Entry into force
  3. ANNEX
  4. ANNEX Methodology to determine the CO2 savings of efficient LED lighting by reference to the Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicle Test Procedure
  5. 1.
  6. 2. Latin symbols
  7. 3. Test equipment
  8. Test set-up
  9. Formula 1 Table 2
  10. Formula 2 Table 3 Power consumptions for different baseline vehicle lights
  11. 4.
  12. 4.1.
  13. 4.1.1.
  14. Formula 3 Table 4 Table 5 Table 6 Consumption of effective power Fuel conversion factor Usage factor for different vehicle lights
  15. 4.1.2.
  16. Formula 4 Table 7 Usage factor for different vehicle lights
  17. 4.2.
  18. 4.2.1.
  19. 4.2.2.
  20. 4.3.
  21. 6.

THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION,

Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union,

Having regard to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 setting emission performance standards for new passenger cars as part of the Community's integrated approach to reduce CO2 emissions from light duty vehicles, and in particular Article 12(4) thereof,

Whereas:

(1) On 6 September 2018, the manufacturers Toyota Motor Europe NV/SA, Opel Automobile GmbH – PSA, FCA Italy S.p.A., Automobiles Citroën, Automobiles Peugeot, PSA Automobiles SA, Audi AG, Ford Werke GmbH, Jaguar Land Rover, Hyundai Motor Europe Technical Center GmbH, Škoda Auto a.s., BMW AG, Renault SA, Honda Motor Europe Ltd, Volkswagen AG and Volkswagen AG Nutzfahrzeuge (the applicants), submitted a joint application for the approval of efficient vehicle exterior lighting using light emitting diodes (efficient LED lighting) for use in internal combustion engine vehicles and non-externally chargeable hybrid electrified vehicles as an innovative technology. The application has been assessed in accordance with Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011.

(2) Efficient LED lighting is a lighting module equipped with light emitting diodes sources that has lower power consumption than conventional halogen lighting.

(3) The application has been assessed in accordance with Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 443/2009, Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 and the Technical Guidelines for the preparation of applications for the approval of innovative technologies pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 (Technical Guidelines, version July 2018).

(4) The application concerns CO2 savings from the use of efficient LED lighting as assessed by reference to the Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP) set out in Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1151.

(5) Efficient LED lighting has already been approved by Commission Implementing Decisions 2014/128/EU, (EU) 2015/206, (EU) 2016/160, (EU) 2016/587 and (EU) 2016/1721 as an innovative technology capable of reducing CO2 emissions by reference to the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) set out in Commission Regulation (EC) No 692/2008. Based on the experience gained from those Decisions, as well as taking into account the current application, it has been satisfactorily and conclusively demonstrated that efficient LED lighting including one or more appropriate combinations of efficient LED lights, such as the low beam headlamp, high beam headlamp, front position, front fog, rear fog, front turn signal, rear turn signal, licence plate and reversing lamps, meet the eligibility criteria referred to in Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 443/2009 and Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011.

(6) The CO2 savings from the use of efficient LED lighting may be partially demonstrated on the WLTP test. However, the applicants have provided a testing methodology with which it can be demonstrated, in a way capable of producing repeatable, verifiable and comparable results, that the savings achieved, whilst taking the partial coverage into account, are at least 0,5 g CO2/km.

(7) In order to ensure continuity, in particular with regard to the transition from the application of the NEDC to the WLTP CO2 emissions test, it is appropriate to maintain halogen lighting as the baseline technology as provided for in Implementing Decisions 2014/128/EU, (EU) 2015/206, (EU) 2016/160, (EU) 2016/587, and (EU) 2016/1721.

(8) Manufacturers should have the possibility to apply with a type-approval authority for the certification of CO2 savings from the use of efficient LED lightings in internal combustion engine vehicles and non-externally chargeable hybrid electrified vehicles. The manufacturer should for that purpose ensure that the application for certification is accompanied by a verification report from an independent verification body confirming the level of CO2 savings to be certified and that all relevant conditions are met.

(9) If the type approval authority finds that the LED lighting does not satisfy the conditions for certification, the application for certification of the savings should be rejected.

(10) In order to facilitate a wider deployment of efficient LED lighting in new vehicles, a manufacturer should also have the possibility to apply for the certification of the CO2 savings from several efficient LED lightings by a single certification application. It is however appropriate to ensure that, where that possibility is used, a mechanism is applied that incentivises the deployment of only those LED lighting that offer the highest efficiency.

(11) The CO2 savings certified pursuant to this Decision are to be taken into account for the calculation of the average specific CO2 emissions of manufacturers starting from calendar year 2021.

(12) For the purposes of determining the general eco-innovation code to be used in the relevant type approval documents in accordance with Annexes I, VIII and IX to Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, the individual code to be used for the innovative technology for efficient LED Lightings for internal combustion engine vehicles and non-externally chargeable hybrid electrified vehicles should be specified,

HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:

Article 1 Approval

The technology used in efficient light emitting diodes (LED) lighting is approved as an innovative technology within the meaning of Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 443/2009, where that innovative technology is used for the purpose of external lighting in internal combustion engine passenger cars and non-externally chargeable hybrid electrified passenger cars.

Article 2 Definition

For the purpose of this Decision, efficient LED lighting means a technology consisting of a lighting module that is equipped with light emitting diode (LED) sources that are used for the exterior lighting of a vehicle and that has a lower power consumption than conventional halogen lighting.

Article 3 Application for certification of CO2 savings

1. Any manufacturer may apply for the certification of CO2 savings from one or several exterior efficient LED lightings where those are used for the external lighting of internal combustion engine M1 vehicles and non-externally chargeable hybrid electrified M1 vehicles. The efficient LED lighting shall include one or a combination of the following LED lights: The LED light or the combination of LED lights forming the efficient LED lighting shall as a minimum provide the CO2 reduction specified in Article 9(1)(b) of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 as demonstrated using the testing methodology set out in the Annex to this Decision.

(a) low beam headlamp (including adaptative front lighting system);

(b) high beam headlamp;

(c) front position lamp;

(d) front fog lamp;

(e) rear fog lamp;

(f) front turn signal lamp;

(g) rear turn signal lamp;

(h) licence plate lamp;

(i) reversing lamp;

(j) cornering lamp;

(k) static bending lamp.

2. An application for the certification of the savings from one or a combination of efficient LED lighting shall be accompanied by an independent verification report confirming that the conditions set out in paragraph 1 are met.

3. The type approval authority shall reject the application for certification if it finds that the conditions set out in paragraph 1 are not met.

Article 4 Certification of CO2 savings

1. The reduction in CO2 emissions from the use of an efficient LED lighting referred to in Article 3(1) shall be determined using the methodology set out in the Annex.

2. Where a manufacturer applies for the certification of the CO2 savings from more than one efficient LED lighting referred to in Article 3(1) in relation to one vehicle version, the type approval authority shall determine which of the efficient LED lighting tested delivers the lowest CO2 savings, and record the lowest value in the relevant type approval documentation. That value shall be indicated in the certificate of conformity in accordance with Article 11(2) of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011.

3. The type approval authority shall record the verification report and the test results on the basis of which the savings were determined and shall make that information available to the Commission on request.

Article 5 Eco-innovation code

The eco-innovation code No 28 shall be entered into the type approval documentation where reference is made to this Decision in accordance with Article 11(1) of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011. CO2 savings recorded by reference to that eco-innovation code may be taken into account for the calculation of the average specific emissions of a manufacturer starting from calendar year 2021.

Article 6 Entry into force

This Decision shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.

Done at Brussels, 28 June 2019. For the Commission The President Jean-Claude Juncker

ANNEX

ANNEX Methodology to determine the CO2 savings of efficient LED lighting by reference to the Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicle Test Procedure

1. INTRODUCTION In order to determine the CO2 emission reductions that can be attributed to efficient LED lighting consisting of an appropriate combination of external vehicle LED lights for the use in internal combustion engine M1 vehicles and non-externally chargeable hybrid electrified M1 vehicles, it is necessary to establish the following:

1.

(1) the test conditions;

(2) the test equipment;

(3) the procedure to determine the power savings;

(4) the procedure to determine the CO2 savings;

(5) the procedure to determine the uncertainty of the CO2 savings.

2. SYMBOLS, PARAMETERS AND UNITS

2. Latin symbols

AFS Adaptive Front lighting System B Baseline CO2 Carbon dioxide CCO2 CO2 savings [g CO2/km] C Number of classes of the adaptive front lighting system CF Conversion factor (l/100 km) - (g CO2/km) [gCO2/l] EI Eco-innovative HEV Hybrid Electrified Vehicle KCO2 CO2 correction factor, gCO2kmWhkm as defined in Regulation (EU) 2017/1151 Sub-Annex 8 Appendix 2 KCO2 Average of the T values of KCO2t gCO2kmWhkm m Number of efficient exterior LED lights composing the package MT Minimum threshold [g CO2/km] n Number of measurements of the sample NOVC Not Off-Vehicle Charging P Power consumption of the vehicle light [W] PBi Power consumption of the corresponding i light in a baseline vehicle [W] Pcn Power consumption of the corresponding n sample for each class vehicle [W] Pc Power consumption for each class of vehicle (average of the n measurements) [W] PEIAFS Power consumption of the Low beam AFS [W] PEIi Average power consumption of the corresponding eco-innovative vehicle light [W] ΔPi Power savings of each efficient exterior LED light [W] sCCO2 Standard deviation of the total CO2 savings [g CO2/km] sKCO2 Standard deviation of the KCO2 gCO2kmWhkm sKCO2 Standard deviation of average of the T values of KCO2t gCO2kmWhkm sPc Standard deviation of average of power consumption for each class of vehicle [W] sPEI Standard deviation of the LED light power consumption in eco-innovative vehicle [W] sPEI Standard deviation of the average LED light power consumption mean in eco-innovative vehicle [W] sPEIAFS Uncertainty or Standard deviation of average of power of the Low beam AFS [W] T Number of measurements performed by the manufacturer for the extrapolation of the KCO2 t Driving duration of the Worldwide Light vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) [s], which is 1800 s UF Usage factor for the vehicle light [-] as defined in Table 6 v Mean driving speed of the Worldwide Light vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) [km/h] VPe Consumption of effective power [l/kWh] sharec Time percentage per speed band in each vehicle class Sensitivity of calculated CO2 savings related to the LED light power consumption Sensitivity of calculated CO2 savings related to the CO2 correction factor ηA Efficiency of the alternator [-] ηDCDC Efficiency of the DC-DC converter [-]

Subscripts

Index (c) refers to number of class of the adaptive front lighting system measurement of the sample Index (i) refers to each vehicle lights Index (j) refers to measurement of the sample Index (t) refers to each number of measurements of T

3. TESTING CONDITIONS The testing conditions shall fulfil the requirements of UN/ECE Regulations Nos 4, 6, 7, 19, 23, 38, 48, 100, 112, 119 and 123. The power consumption shall be determined in accordance with point 6.1.4 of UN/ECE Regulation No 112, and points 3.2.1 and 3.2.2 of Annex 10 to that Regulation. For the low beam adaptive front lighting system (AFS) falling within at least two of the Classes C, E, V or W as defined in Regulation UN/ECE No 123, unless it is agreed with the technical service that Class C is the representative/average LED intensity for the vehicle application, power measurements shall be done at the LED intensity of each class (Pc) as defined in Regulation UN/ECE 123. If Class C is the representative/average LED intensity for the vehicle application, power measurements shall be done in the same way as for any other exterior LED light included in the combination.

3. Test equipment

The following equipment shall be used, as shown in the Figure below:

a power supply unit (i.e. variable voltage supplier);

two digital multimeters, one for measuring the DC-current, and the other for measuring the DC-voltage. In the Figure, a possible test set-up is shown, when the DC-voltage meter is integrated in the power supply unit.

Test set-up

Current monitor Variable voltage supplier LED light

Measurements and determination of the power savings

For each efficient exterior LED light included in the combination the measurement of the current shall be performed as shown in the Figure at a voltage of 13,2 V. LED module(s) operated by an electronic light source control gear, shall be measured as specified by the applicant. The manufacturer may request that other measurements of the current shall be done at other additional voltages. In that case, the manufacturer shall hand over verified documentation on the necessity to perform those other measurements to the type-approval authority. The measurements of the currents at each of those additional voltages shall be performed consecutively at least five times. The exact installed voltages and the measured current shall be recorded in four decimals. The power consumption shall be determined by multiplying the installed voltage with the measured current. The average of the power consumption for each efficient exterior LED light (PEIi) shall be calculated. Each value shall be expressed in four decimals. When a stepper motor or electronic controller is used for the supply of the electricity to the LED lights, the electric load of that component part shall be excluded from the measurement.

Additional measurements for Low beam Adaptive Front Lighting System (AFS) Table 1 Classes of Low beam AFS

Class See point 1.3 and footnote 2 of UN/ECE Regulation 123 % LED Intensity Activation Mode C Base Passing Beam (Country) 100 % 50 km/h < speed < 100 km/h Or when no mode of another passing beam class is activated (V, W, E) V Town 85 % Speed < 50 km/h E Motorway 110 % Speed > 100 km/h W Adverse Conditions 90 % Windshield wiper active > 2 min Where the power measurements at the LED intensity of each class are needed, after conducting the measurements of each Pc, the power of the Low beam AFS (PEIAFS) shall be calculated as a weighted average of the LED Power during the WLTC speed bands, with the following Formula 1.

Formula 1 Table 2

PEIAFSCc1 WLTC_sharecPc Where: Speed band Time WLTC_sharec (%) < 50 km/h: 1058 s 0,588 (58,8 %) 50 – 100 km/h 560 s 0,311 (31,1 %) > 100 km/h 182 s 0,101 (10,1 %) When the Low beam AFS only has 2 classes not covering all WLTC speeds (e.g. C & V), the weighting of Class C power shall also include the WLTC time not covered by the 2nd class (e.g. Class C time t = 0,588 + 0,101) The resulting power savings of each efficient exterior LED light (ΔPi) shall be calculated with the following Formula 2:

Pc is the power consumption (mean of the n measurements) for each class;

WLTC_sharec is the WLTC time percentage per speed band in each class (WLTC last 1800 s in total):

Formula 2 Table 3 Power consumptions for different baseline vehicle lights

ΔPiPBiPEIi where the power consumption of the corresponding baseline vehicle light is as specified in Table 3: Vehicle light Total electric power (PB) [W] Low beam headlamp 137 High beam headlamp 150 Front position 12 License plate 12 Front fog lamp 124 Rear fog lamp 26 Front turn signal lamp 13 Rear turn signal lamp 13 Reversing lamp 52 Cornering lamp 44 Static Bending lamp 44

4. CALCULATION OF THE CO2 SAVINGS AND STATISTICAL MARGIN

4.

4.1. Calculation of the CO2 savings The total CO2 savings of the lighting package shall be calculated in accordance with the specific powertrain of the vehicle (i.e. Conventional, NOVC-HEV).

4.1.

4.1.1. Conventional Vehicles (Internal Combustion Engine only) The CO2 savings shall be calculated in accordance with the following Formula 3:

4.1.1.
Formula 3 Table 4 Table 5 Table 6 Consumption of effective power Fuel conversion factor Usage factor for different vehicle lights

CCO2mi1 ΔPiUFiVPeηACFv Where: v Mean driving speed of the WLTC [km/h], which is 46,60 km/h ηA Efficiency of the alternator, which is 0,67 VPe Consumption of effective power as specified in Table 4 Type of engine Consumption of effective power (VPe) [l/kWh] Petrol 0,264 Petrol Turbo 0,280 Diesel 0,220 CF Conversion factor (l/100 km) - (g CO2/km) [gCO2/l] as specified in Table 5: Type of fuel Conversion factor (l/100 km) - (g CO2/km) (CF) [gCO2/l] Petrol 2330 Diesel 2640 UFi Usage factor for the vehicle light [-] as defined in Table 6. Vehicle light Usage factor (UF) [-] Low beam headlamp 0,33 High beam headlamp 0,03 Front position 0,36 License plate 0,36 Front fog lamp 0,01 Rear fog lamp 0,01 Front turn signal lamp 0,15 Rear turn signal lamp 0,15 Reversing lamp 0,01 Cornering lamp 0,076 Static Bending lamp 0,15

4.1.2. Hybrid Vehicles (NOVC-HEV only) The CO2 savings shall be calculated in accordance with the following Formula 4:

4.1.2.
Formula 4 Table 7 Usage factor for different vehicle lights

CCO2mi1ΔPiUFivηDCDCKCO2 Where: ηDCDC Efficiency of the DC-DC converter KCO2 CO2 correction factor gCO2kmWhkm, as defined in paragraph 2.2 of Appendix 2 to Sub-Annex 8 to Annex XXI to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151. The efficiency of the DC-DC converter (ηDCDC) shall be evaluated in accordance with the appropriate vehicle architecture, as specified in Table 7: # Architecture ηDCDC 1 Lights connected in parallel to the low voltage battery (lights fed directly from the high voltage battery via DCDC converter) 0,xx 2 Lights connected in series after the low voltage battery, and the low voltage battery connected in series to the High voltage battery 1 3 High Voltage and low voltage batteries have exactly the same voltage (12 V, 48 V,…) as the lights 1 For architecture #1, the efficiency of the DC-DC converter (ηDCDC) shall be the highest value resulting from the efficiency tests performed in the operative electric current range. The measuring interval shall be equal or lower than 10 % of the operative electric current range.

4.2. Calculation of the statistical margin The statistical margin of the lighting package shall be calculated in accordance with the specific powertrain of the vehicle (i.e. Conventional, NOVC-HEV).

4.2.

4.2.1. Conventional Vehicles (Internal Combustion Engine only) The statistical margin of the results of the testing methodology caused by the measurements shall be quantified. For each efficient exterior LED light included in the package the standard deviation shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 5:

4.2.1.

Formula 5 sPEIisPEIinnj1PEIijPEIi2nn1 Where: n Number of measurements of the sample, which is at least 5 Where the standard deviation of the power consumption of each efficient exterior LED light (sPEIi) leads to an error in the CO2 savings (sCCO2) that error shall be calculated by means of Formula 6:

Formula 6

4.2.2. Hybrid Vehicles (NOVC-HEV only) The statistical margin of the results of the testing methodology caused by the measurements shall be quantified. For each efficient exterior LED light included in the package the standard deviation shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 7:

4.2.2.

Formula 7 sPEIisPEIinnj1PEIijPEIi2nn1 Where: n Number of measurements of the sample, which is at least 5 The CO2-emission correction factor KCO2 shall be determined from a set of T measurements performed by the manufacturer, in accordance with paragraph 2.2 of Appendix 2 to Sub-Annex 8 to Annex XXI to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151. For each measurement, electric balance during the test and the measured CO2-emissions shall be recorded. In order to evaluate the statistical error of KCO2, all T combinations without repetitions of T-1 measurements shall be used to extrapolate T different values of KCO2 (i.e. KCO2t). The extrapolation shall be performed in accordance with the method defined in paragraph 2.2 of Appendix 2 to Sub-Annex 8 to Annex XXI to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151. The standard deviation of KCO2 sKCO2 shall be calculated in accordance with Formula 8.

Formula 8 sKCO2sKCO2TTt1KCO2tKCO22TT1 Where: T Number of measurements performed by the manufacturer for the extrapolation of the KCO2 as defined in paragraph 2.2 of Appendix 2 to Sub-Annex 8 to Annex XXI to Regulation (EU) 2017/1151. KCO2 mean of the T values of KCO2t Where the standard deviation of the power consumption of each efficient exterior LED light (sPEIi) and the standard deviation of the kCO2 skCO2 lead to an error in the CO2 savings (sCCO2), that error shall be calculated by means of Formula 9.

Formula 9

4.3. Statistical margin for Low beam AFS Where the Low beam AFS is present, formulae 9 shall be adapted to take into account the additional measurements required. The value of the uncertainty (sPEIAFS) that is to be used for the Low beam AFS shall be calculated with the following formulae 10 and 11: Where: n Number of measurements of the sample, which is at least 5 Pc mean of the n values of Pc

4.3.

Formula 10 sPcsPcnNn1PcnPc2nn1

Formula 11 sPEIAFSCc1WLTC_sharecsPc2

5. ROUNDING The calculated CO2 savings value (CCO2) and the statistical margin of the CO2 saving (sCCO2) shall be rounded to a maximum of two decimal places. Each value used in the calculation of the CO2 savings may be applied unrounded or rounded to the minimum number of decimal places which allows the combined impact of all rounded values on the savings to be lower than 0,25 gCO2/km.

6. STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE It shall be demonstrated for each type, variant and version of a vehicle fitted with the efficient LED lightings that the uncertainty of the CO2 savings calculated in accordance with Formula 6 or Formula 9 is not greater than the difference between the total CO2 savings and the minimum savings threshold specified in Article 9(1) of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 (see Formula 12).

6.

Formula 12 MTCCO2sCCO2 Where: MT minimum threshold [g CO2/km] CCO2 total CO2 saving [g CO2/km] sCCO2 standard deviation of the total CO2 saving [gCO2/km] Where the total CO2 emission savings of the efficient LED lighting as determined in accordance with the testing methodology set out in this Annex are below the threshold specified in Article 9(1)(b) of Implementing Regulation (EU) No 725/2011 the second subparagraph of Article 11(2) of that Regulation shall apply.

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