Regulation (EU) 2019/216 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 January 2019 on the apportionment of tariff rate quotas included in the WTO schedule of the Union following the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the Union, and amending Council Regulation (EC) No 32/2000
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Address https://gelex.eu/eli/EU/regulation/2019/216@2019-01-30/en
THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION,
Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article 207(2) thereof,
Having regard to the proposal from the European Commission,
After transmission of the draft legislative act to the national parliaments,
Acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure,
Whereas:
(1) On 29 March 2017, the United Kingdom submitted the notification of its intention to withdraw from the Union pursuant to Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union(TEU). The TEU and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) (collectively, the Treaties) will cease to apply to the United Kingdom from the date of entry into force of a withdrawal agreement or failing that, two years after that notification, that is from 30 March 2019, unless the European Council, in agreement with the United Kingdom, unanimously decides to extend that period.
(2) The withdrawal agreement as agreed between the negotiators contains arrangements for the application of provisions of Union law to and in the United Kingdom beyond the date the Treaties cease to apply to and in the United Kingdom. If that agreement enters into force, Council Regulation (EC) No 32/2000 will apply to and in the United Kingdom during the transition period in accordance with that agreement and will cease to apply at the end of that period.
(3) The United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the Union will have effects on the relations of the United Kingdom and the Union with third parties, in particular in the context of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) of which both are original members. As negotiations on that withdrawal have been ongoing at the same time as the negotiations on the multiannual financial framework (MFF), and taking into account the share dedicated to the agricultural sector in the MFF, that sector could be exposed to a great extent.
(4) By letter of 11 October 2017, the Union and the United Kingdom informed the other WTO Members that it was their intention that, upon leaving the Union, the United Kingdom would replicate to the extent possible its current obligations as a Member State of the Union in its new, separate, schedule of concessions and commitments on trade in goods. However, given that, as regards quantitative commitments, replication is not an appropriate method, the Union and the United Kingdom informed the other WTO Members of their intention to ensure that other WTO Members’ current market access levels would be maintained by apportioning the Union’s tariff rate quotas between the Union and the United Kingdom.
(5) In line with the WTO rules, such apportionment of tariff rate quotas that are part of the schedule of concessions and commitments of the Union will have to occur in accordance with Article XXVIII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (GATT 1994). The Union will, therefore, following completion of preliminary contacts, engage in negotiations with WTO Members having a principal or substantial supplying interest or holding an initial negotiating right in relation to each of these tariff rate quotas. Those negotiations should remain limited in scope and should in no way extend to a renegotiation of the general terms or degree of access of products to the Union market.
(6) However, given the time limits imposed on this process by the negotiations on the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the Union, it is possible that agreements might not be concluded with all WTO Members concerned in relation to all of the tariff rate quotas on the date the Union’s WTO schedule of concessions and commitments on trade in goods ceases to apply to the United Kingdom. In view of the need to ensure legal certainty and the continuous smooth operation of imports under the tariff rate quotas to the Union and to the United Kingdom, it is necessary for the Union to be able to proceed unilaterally to the apportionment of the tariff rate quotas. The methodology used should be in line with the requirements of Article XXVIII of GATT 1994.
(7) The following methodology should therefore be used: as a first step the United Kingdom’s usage share for each individual tariff rate quota should be established. That share, expressed as a percentage, is the United Kingdom’s share of total Union imports under the tariff rate quota over a recent representative three-year period. That share should then be applied to the entire scheduled tariff rate quota volume, taking into account any under-fill thereof, in order to arrive at the United Kingdom’s share of a given tariff rate quota. The Union’s share would then consist of the remainder of the tariff rate quota in question. This means the total volume of a given tariff rate quota is not changed, that is to say EU-27 volume equals current EU-28 volume minus the United Kingdom volume. The underlying data should be extracted from the relevant Commission databases.
(8) The methodology for the usage share for each individual tariff rate quota has been established and agreed by the Union and the United Kingdom, in line with the requirements of Article XXVIII of GATT 1994, and therefore, that methodology should be wholly maintained to ensure its consistent application.
(9) In those cases where no trade is observed for a specific tariff rate quota over the representative period, two alternative approaches should be pursued in order to establish the United Kingdom’s usage share. In those cases where there is another tariff rate quota with the identical product definition, the usage share of that identical tariff rate quota should be applied to the tariff rate quota that is without observed trade over the representative period. In those cases where there is no tariff rate quota with an identical product definition, the formula to calculate the usage share should be applied to Union imports in the corresponding tariff lines outside of the tariff rate quota.
(10) For the agricultural tariff rate quotas concerned, Articles 184 to 188 of Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council provide the necessary legal basis for the administration of the tariff rate quotas once apportioned by this Regulation. In this regard, the tariff rate quota quantities concerned are set out in Part A of the Annex to this Regulation. That administration should therefore be carried out having due regard to the objectives of the Common Agricultural Policy, as laid down in the TFEU, and the multi-functionality of agricultural activities. For the tariff rate quotas covering most fisheries products, industrial products and certain processed agricultural products, the administration of the tariff rate quotas is carried out pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 32/2000. The tariff rate quotas quantities concerned are set out in Annex I to that Regulation and that Annex should therefore be replaced by the quantities set out in Part B of the Annex to this Regulation. Four fisheries tariff rate quotas are not administered under Regulation (EC) No 32/2000 but under Commission Regulation (EC) No 847/2006, which implements Council Decision 2006/324/EC. The tariff rate quota quantities concerned are set out in Part C of the Annex to this Regulation. Implementing powers should be conferred on the Commission to adapt the provisions of Regulation (EC) No 847/2006 in respect of those four fisheries tariff rate quotas in line with the apportioned quantities established by this Regulation. Those implementing powers should be exercised in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council.
(11) In order to take into account the fact that negotiations with affected WTO Members have been taking place in parallel with the ordinary legislative procedure for the adoption of this Regulation, the power to adopt acts in accordance with Article 290 TFEU should be delegated to the Commission to amend Parts A and C of the Annex to this Regulation with respect to the quantities of the apportioned tariff rate quotas listed therein, in order to take account of any agreements concluded or of pertinent information that it might receive in the context of those negotiations which would indicate that specific factors that were not previously known require an adjustment to the apportionment of the tariff quotas between the Union and the United Kingdom, while ensuring consistency with the common methodology agreed jointly with the United Kingdom. That power to adopt acts should also be delegated to the Commission where such pertinent information becomes available from other sources with an interest in a specific tariff rate quota. In addition, Regulation (EC) No 32/2000 should be amended in order to delegate to the Commission the power to adopt acts in accordance with Article 290 TFEU to amend Annex I to that Regulation.
(12) In accordance with the principle of proportionality and in light of the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the Union, it is necessary and appropriate to lay down rules to apportion tariff rate quotas included in the WTO schedule of the Union. This Regulation does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve the objectives pursued, in accordance with Article 5(4) TEU.
(13) In accordance with Article 4(3) of Regulation (EEC, Euratom) No 1182/71 of the Council, the cessation of application of acts fixed at a given date shall occur on the expiry of the last hour of the day falling on that date. This Regulation should therefore apply from the day following that on which Regulation (EC) No 32/2000 ceases to apply to the United Kingdom given that from that day both the Union and the United Kingdom need to know what their WTO obligations are. However, the provisions of this Regulation setting out the delegation of power and the conferral of implementing powers should apply from the date of entry into force of this Regulation.
(14) Taking into account the procedural requirements of the ordinary legislative procedure and the need to subsequently adopt implementing acts for the application of this Regulation on the one hand, and the necessity to have the apportioned tariff rate quotas in place and ready to be applied at the moment that the United Kingdom ceases to be covered by the schedule of concessions and commitments of the Union, which could be as early as 30 March 2019, on the other hand, it is essential for this Regulation to enter into force as soon as possible,
HAVE ADOPTED THIS REGULATION:
Article 1
1. The tariff rate quotas included in the schedule of concessions and commitments of the Union annexed to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (GATT 1994) shall be apportioned between the Union and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the United Kingdom) in line with the following methodology:
(a) the Union’s usage share of imports in percentages, for each individual tariff rate quota is established, over a recent representative three-year period;
(b) the Union’s usage share of imports, in percentages, is applied to the entire scheduled tariff rate quota volume to arrive at its share in volume of a given tariff rate quota;
(c) for individual tariff rate quotas for which no trade can be observed during the representative period as laid down in point (a), the Union’s portion is instead established by following the procedure laid down in point (b) on the basis of the Union’s usage share of imports, in percentages, of another tariff rate quota with the exact same product definition, or in the corresponding tariff lines outside of the tariff rate quota.
2. The Union’s portion of the tariff rate quotas referred to in paragraph 1 resulting from the application of the methodology referred to in that paragraph shall be as follows:
(a) as regards tariff rate quotas for agricultural products, as set out in Part A of the Annex;
(b) as regards tariff rate quotas for fisheries products, industrial products and certain processed agricultural products, as set out in Parts B and C of the Annex.
Article 2
While ensuring consistency with the methodology referred to in Article 1(1) and in particular ensuring that the market access into the Union as composed after the withdrawal of the United Kingdom does not exceed that which is reflected in the share of trade flows during a representative period, the Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 3 to amend Parts A and C of the Annex in order to take account of the following:
(a) any international agreement concluded by the Union under Article XXVIII of GATT 1994 concerning the tariff rate quotas referred to in those parts of the Annex; and
(b) pertinent information that it may receive either in the context of negotiations under Article XXVIII of GATT 1994 or from other sources with an interest in a specific tariff rate quota.
Article 3
1. The power to adopt delegated acts is conferred on the Commission subject to the conditions laid down in this Article.
2. The power to adopt delegated acts referred to in Article 2 shall be conferred on the Commission for a period of five years from 9 February 2019. The Commission shall draw up a report in respect of the delegation of power not later than nine months before the end of the five-year period. The delegation of power shall be tacitly extended for periods of an identical duration, unless the European Parliament or the Council opposes such extension not later than three months before the end of each period.
3. The delegation of power referred to in Article 2 may be revoked at any time by the European Parliament or by the Council. A decision to revoke shall put an end to the delegation of the power specified in that decision. It shall take effect the day following the publication of the decision in the Official Journal of the European Union or at a later date specified therein. It shall not affect the validity of any delegated acts already in force.
4. Before adopting a delegated act, the Commission shall consult experts designated by each Member State in accordance with the principles laid down in the Interinstitutional Agreement of 13 April 2016 on Better Law-Making.
5. As soon as it adopts a delegated act, the Commission shall notify it simultaneously to the European Parliament and to the Council.
6. A delegated act adopted pursuant to Article 2 shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed either by the European Parliament or by the Council within a period of two months of notification of that act to the European Parliament and the Council or if, before the expiry of that period, the European Parliament and the Council have both informed the Commission that they will not object. That period shall be extended by two months at the initiative of the European Parliament or of the Council.
Article 4
The Commission shall adopt implementing acts in order to adjust, in line with Part C of the Annex to this Regulation, the volumes of the tariff rate quotas opened and managed by Regulation (EC) No 847/2006. Those implementing acts shall be adopted in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 5(2).
Article 5
1. The Commission shall be assisted by the Customs Code Committee established by Article 285(1) of Regulation (EU) No 952/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council. That committee shall be a committee within the meaning of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011.
2. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Article 5 of Regulation (EU) No 182/2011 shall apply.
Article 6
Regulation (EC) No 32/2000 is amended as follows:
(1) The following Articles are inserted:
Article 6
(1)
Article 10a
For the purpose of apportioning tariff rate quotas included in the schedule of concessions and commitments of the Union following the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the Union and while ensuring consistency with the methodology referred to in Article 1(1) of Regulation (EU) 2019/216 of the European Parliament and of the Council and, in particular, ensuring that the market access into the Union as composed after the withdrawal of the United Kingdom does not exceed that which is reflected in the share of trade flows during a representative period, the Commission is empowered to adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 10b to amend Annex I to this Regulation in order to take account of the following:
(a) any international agreement concluded by the Union under Article XXVIII of GATT 1994, concerning the tariff rate quotas referred to in Annex I to this Regulation; and
(b) pertinent information that it may receive either in the context of negotiations under Article XXVIII of GATT 1994, or from other sources with an interest in a specific tariff rate quota.
Article 10b
1. The power to adopt delegated acts is conferred on the Commission subject to the conditions laid down in this Article.
2. The power to adopt delegated acts referred to in Article 10a shall be conferred on the Commission for a period of five years from 9 February 2019. The Commission shall draw up a report in respect of the delegation of power not later than nine months before the end of the five-year period. The delegation of power shall be tacitly extended for periods of an identical duration, unless the European Parliament or the Council opposes such extension not later than three months before the end of each period.
3. The delegation of powers referred to in Article 10a may be revoked at any time by the European Parliament or by the Council. A decision to revoke shall put an end to the delegation of the power specified in that decision. It shall take effect the day following the publication of the decision in the Official Journal of the European Union or at a later date specified therein. It shall not affect the validity of any delegated acts already in force.
4. Before adopting a delegated act, the Commission shall consult experts designated by each Member State in accordance with the principles laid down in the Interinstitutional Agreement of 13 April 2016 on Better Law-Making.
5. As soon as it adopts a delegated act, the Commission shall notify it simultaneously to the European Parliament and to the Council.
6. A delegated act adopted pursuant to Article 10a shall enter into force only if no objection has been expressed either by the European Parliament or by the Council within a period of two months of notification of that act to the European Parliament and the Council or if, before the expiry of that period, the European Parliament and the Council have both informed the Commission that they will not object. That period shall be extended by two months at the initiative of the European Parliament or of the Council.
Article 6
(2) Annex I is replaced by the text in Part B of the Annex to this Regulation.
Article 7
1. This Regulation shall enter into force on the day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union.
2. Articles 1(2) and 6(2) shall apply from the day following that on which Regulation (EC) No 32/2000 ceases to apply to and in the United Kingdom.
3. Articles other than those referred to in paragraph 2 shall apply as from the day of entry into force of this Regulation.
This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States. Done at Brussels, 30 January 2019. For the European Parliament The President A. TAJANI For the Council The President G. CIAMBA
ANNEX
ANNEX
PART A
Product Description Unit EU-28 scheduled quantity Country Order number EU-27 share in quota usage EU-27 TRQ size Live bovine animals head 710 EO 090114 100 % 710 Live bovine animals head 711 EO 090115 100 % 711 Live bovine animals head 24070 EO 090113 100 % 24070 Meat of bovine animals, fresh, chilled or frozen Edible offal of bovine animals, fresh, chilled or frozen t (product weight) 7150 AUS 094451 34,7 % 2481 High quality meat with or without bone t (product weight) 17000 ARG 094450 99,6 % 16936 Boneless high quality meat of bovine animals, fresh or chilled t (product weight) 12500 99,6 % 12453 High quality meat with or without bone t (product weight) 2300 URY 094452 87,9 % 2022 Boneless high quality meat of bovine animals, fresh or chilled t (product weight) 4076 87,9 % 3584 Meat of bovine animals, fresh, chilled or frozen Edible offal of bovine animals, fresh, chilled or frozen t (product weight) 11500 USA/CAN 094002 99,8 % 11481 High quality meat of bovine animals, fresh, chilled or frozen t PAR 094455 71,1 % 711 High quality meat of bovine animals, fresh, chilled or frozen t 1300 NZL 094454 65,1 % 846 Boneless meat of bovine animals, fresh, chilled or frozen Edible offal of bovine animals, fresh, chilled or frozen t 10000 BRA 094453 89,5 % 8951 Meat of bovine animals, frozen Edible offal of bovine animals, frozen t (boneless weight) 54875 EO 094003 79,7 % 43732 Boneless buffalo meat, frozen t (without bone) 2250 AUS 094001 62,4 % 1405 Boneless buffalo meat, frozen Boneless buffalo meat, fresh, chilled or frozen t (without bone) 200 ARG 094004 100 % 200 Meat of bovine animals, frozen Edible offal of bovine animals, frozen t (bone-in weight) 63703 EO 094057 30,9 % 19676 Meat of bovine animals, frozen Edible offal of bovine animals, frozen t (bone-in weight) EO 094058 Edible offal of bovine animals, frozen t 800 OTH 094020 100 % 800 Edible offal of bovine animals, frozen t 700 ARG 094460 100 % 700 Meat of swine, fresh, chilled or frozen: t 15067 EO 090122 100 % 15067 Meat of swine, fresh, chilled or frozen: t 4624 CAN 094204 100 % 4623 Meat of swine, fresh, chilled or frozen: t 6135 EO 090123 100 % 6133 Meat of swine, fresh, chilled or frozen: t 7000 EO 090119 100 % 7000 Meat of swine, fresh, chilled or frozen: t 35265 EO 094038 36 % 12680 Meat of swine, fresh, chilled or frozen: t 4922 USA 094170 36 % 1770 Meat of swine, fresh, chilled or frozen: t 5000 EO 090118 75,6 % 3780 Prepared or preserved meat of domestic swine t 6161 EO 090121 100 % 6161 Sausages, dry or for spreading, uncooked Other sausages t 3002 EO 090120 5,5 % 164 Live sheep and goats, other than pure-bred breeding animals t (carcasse weight) 105 OTH 092019 100 % 105 Live sheep and goats, other than pure-bred breeding animals t (carcasse weight) 215 MKD 100 % 215 Live sheep and goats, other than pure-bred breeding animals t (carcasse weight) 91 EO 092019 100 % 91 Meat of sheep or goats, fresh, chilled or frozen t (carcasse weight) 23000 ARG 092011 73,9 % 17006 Meat of sheep or goats, fresh, chilled or frozen t (carcasse weight) 600 ISL 090790 58,2 % 349 Meat of sheep or goats, fresh, chilled or frozen t (carcasse weight) 850 BIH 48,3 % 410 Meat of sheep or goats, fresh, chilled or frozen t (carcasse weight) 19186 AUS 092012 20 % 3837 Meat of sheep or goats, fresh, chilled or frozen t (carcasse weight) 3000 CHL 091922 87,6 % 2628 Meat of sheep or goats, fresh, chilled or frozen t (carcasse weight) 100 GRL 090693 48,3 % 48 Meat of sheep or goats, fresh, chilled or frozen t (carcasse weight) 228389 NZL 092013 50 % 114184 Meat of sheep or goats, fresh, chilled or frozen t (carcasse weight) 5800 URY 092014 82,1 % 4759 Meat of sheep or goats, fresh, chilled or frozen t (carcasse weight) 200 OTH 092015 100 % 200 Meat of sheep or goats, fresh, chilled or frozen t (carcasse weight) 200 EO 092016 89,2 % 178 Chicken carcasses, fresh, chilled or frozen t 6249 EO 094067 64,9 % 4054 Chicken cuts, fresh, chilled or frozen t 8570 EO 094068 96,3 % 8253 Boneless cuts of fowls of the species Gallus domesticus, frozen t 2705 EO 094069 89,7 % 2427 Cuts of fowls of the species Gallus domesticus, frozen t 9598 BRA 094410 86,6 % 8308 Cuts of fowls of the species Gallus domesticus, frozen t 15500 EO 094411 86,9 % 13471 Cuts of fowls of the species Gallus domesticus, frozen t 094412 Turkey meat, fresh, chilled or frozen t 1781 EO 094070 100 % 1781 Cuts of turkeys, frozen t 3110 BRA 094420 86,5 % 2692 Cuts of turkeys, frozen t 4985 EO 094421 85,3 % 4253 Cuts of turkeys, frozen t 094422 Meat and edible offal of poultry, fresh, chilled or frozen t 21345 USA 094169 100 % 21345 Salted poultry meat t 170807 BRA 094211 76,1 % 129930 Salted poultry meat t 92610 THA 094212 73,8 % 68385 Salted poultry meat t 828 OTH 094213 99,5 % 824 Prepared turkey meat t 92300 BRA 094217 97,5 % 89950 Prepared turkey meat t 11596 OTH 094218 97,5 % 11301 Cooked meat of fowls of the species Gallus domesticus t 79477 BRA 094214 66,3 % 52665 Cooked meat of fowls of the species Gallus domesticus t 160033 THA 094215 68,4 % 109441 Cooked meat of fowls of the species Gallus domesticus t 11443 OTH 094216 74 % 8471 Processed chicken meat, uncooked, containing 57 % or more by weight of poultry meat or offal t 15800 BRA 094251 69,4 % 10969 Processed chicken meat, uncooked, containing 57 % or more by weight of poultry meat or offal t 340 OTH 094261 69,4 % 236 Processed chicken meat, containing 25 % or more but less than 57 % by weight of poultry meat or offal t 62905 BRA 094252 94,9 % 59699 Processed chicken meat, containing 25 % or more but less than 57 % by weight of poultry meat or offal t 14000 THA 094254 57,3 % 8019 Processed chicken meat, containing 25 % or more but less than 57 % by weight of poultry meat or offal t 2800 OTH 094260 59,6 % 1669 Processed chicken meat, containing less than 25 % by weight of poultry meat or offal t 295 BRA 094253 55,3 % 163 Processed chicken meat, containing less than 25 % by weight of poultry meat or offal t 2100 THA 094255 55,3 % 1162 Processed chicken meat, containing less than 25 % by weight of poultry meat or offal t 470 OTH 094262 55,3 % 260 Processed duck, geese, guinea fowl meat, uncooked, containing 57 % or more by weight of poultry meat or offal t 10 THA 094257 0 % 0 Processed duck, geese, guinea fowl meat, cooked, containing 57 % or more by weight of poultry meat or offal t 13500 THA 094256 63,5 % 8572 Processed duck, geese, guinea fowl meat, cooked, containing 57 % or more by weight of poultry meat or offal t 220 OTH 094263 72,1 % 159 Processed duck, geese, guinea fowl meat, cooked, containing 25 % or more but less than 57 % by weight of poultry meat or offal t 600 THA 094258 50 % 300 Processed duck, geese, guinea fowl meat, cooked, containing 25 % or more but less than 57 % by weight of poultry meat or offal t 148 OTH 094264 0 % 0 Processed duck, geese, guinea fowl meat, cooked, containing less than 25 % by weight of poultry meat or offal t 600 THA 094259 46,4 % 278 Processed duck, geese, guinea fowl meat, cooked, containing less than 25 % by weight of poultry meat or offal t 125 OTH 094265 46,4 % 58 Poultry eggs for consumption, in shell t 135000 EO 094015 84,9 % 114669 Eggs yolks Bird eggs, not in shell t (shell egg equivalent) 7000 EO 094401 100 % 7000 Egg albumin t (shell egg equivalent) 15500 EO 094402 100 % 15500 Skimmed-milk powder t 68537 EO 094590 99,998 % 68536 Butter and other fats and oils derived from milk t (in butter equivalent) 11360 EO 094599 100 % 11360 Butter, at least six weeks old, of a fat content by weight of not less than 80 % but less than 85 % manufactured directly from milk or cream without the use of stored materials, in a single, self-contained and uninterrupted process. Butter, at least six weeks old, of a fat content by weight of not less than 80 % but less than 85 % manufactured directly from milk or cream without the use of stored materials, in a single, self-contained and uninterrupted process which may involve the cream passing through a stage where the butterfat is concentrated and/or fractionated (the process referred to as Ammix and Spreadable). t 74693 NZL 094182 63,2 % 47177 Butter, at least six weeks old, of a fat content by weight of not less than 80 % but less than 85 % manufactured directly from milk or cream without the use of stored materials, in a single, self-contained and uninterrupted process. Butter, at least six weeks old, of a fat content by weight of not less than 80 % but less than 85 % manufactured directly from milk or cream without the use of stored materials, in a single, self-contained and uninterrupted process which may involve the cream passing through a stage where the butterfat is concentrated and/or fractionated (the process referred to as Ammix and Spreadable). t NZL 094195 Cheese and curd: t 5360 EO 094591 100 % 5360 Cheese and curd: t 18438 EO 094592 100 % 18438 Cheese and curd: t 5413 EO 094593 100 % 5413 Cheese and curd: t 20007 EO 094594 58,7 % 11741 Cheese for processing t 4000 NZL 094515 41,7 % 1670 Cheese for processing t 500 AUS 094522 100 % 500 Cheese and curd: t 15005 EO 094595 99,6 % 14941 Cheddar t 7000 NZL 094514 62,3 % 4361 Cheddar t 3711 AUS 094521 100 % 3711 Cheddar t 4000 CAN 094513 0 % 0 Other cheeses t 19525 EO 094596 100 % 19525 Potatoes, fresh or chilled, from 1 January to 15 May t 4295 EO 090055 99,9 % 4292 Tomatoes t 472 EO 090094 98,2 % 464 Garlic t 19147 ARG 094104 100 % 19147 Garlic t ARG 094099 Garlic t 48225 CHN 094105 84,1 % 40556 Garlic t CHN 094100 Garlic t 6023 OTH 094106 61,6 % 3711 Garlic t OTH 094102 Carrots and turnips, fresh or chilled t 1244 EO 090056 95,8 % 1192 Cucumbers, fresh or chilled, from 1 November to 15 May t 1134 EO 090059 44,1 % 500 Other vegetables, fresh or chilled (sweet peppers) t 500 EO 090057 100 % 500 Dried onions t 12000 EO 090035 80,8 % 9696 Manioc (casava) t 5750000 THA 090708 53,8 % 3096027 Manioc (casava) other than pellets of flour and meal Arrowroot, salep and similar roots and tubers with high starch content t 825000 IDN 090126 0 % 0 Manioc (casava) other than pellets of flour and meal Arrowroot, salep and similar roots and tubers with high starch content t 350000 CHN 090127 78,8 % 275805 Manioc (casava) other than pellets of flour and meal Arrowroot, salep and similar roots and tubers with high starch content t 145590 OTH 090128 85,5 % 124552 Manioc (casava) other than pellets of flour and meal Arrowroot, salep and similar roots and tubers with high starch content t 30000 NW 090129 100 % 30000 Manioc (casava) other than pellets of flour and meal Arrowroot, salep and similar roots and tubers with high starch content t 2000 NW 090130 84,6 % 1691 Sweet potatoes, other than for human consumption t 600000 CHN 090124 42,1 % 252641 Sweet potatoes, other than for human consumption t 5000 OTH 090131 99,7 % 4985 Mushrooms of the species Agaricus, prepared, preserved or provisionally preserved t 33980 EO 100 % 33980 Mushrooms of the species Agaricus, prepared, preserved or provisionally preserved t 1450 CHN 100 % 1450 Almonds, other than bitter t 90000 EO 090041 95,5 % 85958 Sweet oranges, fresh t 20000 EO 090025 100 % 20000 Other citrus hybrids t 15000 EO 090027 99,5 % 14931 Lemons, from 15 January to 14 June t 10000 EO 090039 81,6 % 8156 Table grapes, fresh, from 21 July to 31 October t 1500 EO 090060 59 % 885 Apples, fresh, from 1 April to 31 July t 696 EO 090061 95,7 % 666 Pears, fresh, other than perry pears in bulk, from 1 August to 31 December t 1000 EO 090062 81 % 810 Apricots, fresh, from 1 August to 31 May t 500 EO 090058 14,9 % 74 Apricots, fresh, from 1 June to 31 July t 2500 EO 090063 55,5 % 1387 Cherries, fresh, other than sour cherries, from 21 May to 15 July t 800 EO 090040 13,1 % 105 Preserved pineapples, citrus fruit, pears, apricots, cherries, peaches and strawberries t 2838 EO 090092 99,4 % 2820 Orange juice, frozen, of a density not exceeding 1,33 g/cm3 at 20 °C t 1500 EO 090033 100 % 1500 Fruit juices t 7044 EO 090093 91,4 % 6436 Grape juice (including grape must) t 14029 EO 090067 0 % 0 Durum wheat t 50000 EO 090074 100 % 50000 Quality wheat t 300000 EO 090075 100 % 300000 Common wheat (medium and low quality) t 572000 USA 094123 99,99 % 571943 Common wheat (medium and low quality) t 38853 CAN 094124 3,8 % 1463 Common wheat (medium and low quality) t 2371600 OTH 094125 96,4 % 2285665 Common wheat (medium and low quality) t 129577 EO 094133 100 % 129577 Barley t 307105 EO 094126 99,9 % 306812 Malting barley t 50890 EO 090076 40,9 % 20789 Preparations consisting of a mixture of malt sprouts and of barley screenings before the malting process (possibly including other seeds) with barley cleanings after the malting process, and containing, by weight, 12,5 % or more of protein Preparations consisting of a mixture of malt sprouts and of barley screenings before the malting process (possibly including their seeds) with barley cleanings after the malting process, and containing, by weight, 12,5 % or more of protein and not more than 28 % of starch t 20000 EO 092905 100 % 20000 Preparations consisting of a mixture of malt sprouts and of barley screenings before the malting process (possibly including other seeds) with barley cleanings after the malting process, and containing, by weight, 15,5 % or more of protein Preparations consisting of a mixture of malt sprouts and of barley screenings before the malting process (possibly including other seeds) with barley cleanings after the malting process, and containing, by weight, 15,5 % or more of protein and not more than 23 % of starch t 100000 EO 092903 100 % 100000 Maize t 277988 EO 094131 96,8 % 269214 Maize t 500000 EO No order number 100 % 500000 Maize t 2000000 EO No order number 100 % 2000000 Corn gluten t 10000 USA 090090 100 % 10000 Grain sorghum t 300000 EO No order number 100 % 300000 Millet t 1300 EO 090071 68,3 % 888 Worked oats, other than kibbled t 10000 EO 090043 2,3 % 231 Manioc starch t 8000 EO 090132 82,9 % 6632 Manioc starch t 2000 EO 090132 82,9 % 1658 Bran, sharps and other residues whether or not in the form of pellets derived from the sifting, milling or other working of cereals t 475000 EO 090072 96,4 % 458068 Paddy rice t 7 EO 090083 66,7 % 5 Husked (brown) rice t 1634 EO 094148 86,6 % 1416 Semi-milled or wholly milled rice t 63000 EO 58,3 % 36731 Semi-milled or wholly milled rice t 4313 THA 094112 84,9 % 3663 Semi-milled or wholly milled rice t 9187 OTH 74,7 % 6859 Semi-milled or wholly milled rice t 1200 THA 094112 84,9 % 1019 Semi-milled or wholly milled rice t 25516 OT 094166 88 % 22442 Broken rice, intended for the production of foodstuffs of subheading 19011000 t 1000 EO 094079 100 % 1000 Broken rice t 31788 EO 094168 83,6 % 26581 Broken rice t 100000 EO 93,7 % 93709 Raw cane sugar, for refining t 9925 AUS 094317 50 % 4961 Raw cane sugar, for refining t 388124 BRA 094318 92,4 % 358454 Raw cane sugar, for refining t 10000 CUB 094319 100 % 10000 Raw cane sugar, for refining t 372876 EO 094320 91,6 % 341460 Cane or beet sugar t (white sugar equivalent) 10000 IDN 094321 58,4 % 5841 Cane or beet sugar t (white sugar equivalent) 1294700 ACP N/A 71,2 % 921707 Other preparations of a kind used in animal feeding: Containing no milk products or containing less than 10 % by weight of such products t 2800 EO 090073 98,1 % 2746 Other preparations of a kind used in animal feeding: Containing no milk products or containing less than 10 % by weight of such products t 2700 EO 090070 98,9 % 2670 Dog and cat food t 2058 EO 090089 67,7 % 1393 Wine of fresh grapes (other than sparkling wine and quality wine produced in specified regions) in containers holding ≤ 2 L and of an alcoholic strength of ≤ 13 % vol hl 40000 EO 090097 11,7 % 4689 Wine of fresh grapes (other than sparkling wine and quality wine produced in specified regions) in containers holding > 2 L and of an alcoholic strength of ≤ 13 % vol hl 20000 EO 090095 78,2 % 15647 Vermouth and other wine of fresh grapes, flavoured with plants or aromatic substances in containers holding > 2 L and of an alcoholic strength of ≤ 18 % vol hl 13810 EO 090098 99,99 % 13808
Carcasses and half-carcasses of domestic swine, fresh, chilled or frozen
Cuts of domestic swine, fresh, chilled or frozen, with or without bone, excluding tenderloin presented separately
Cuts of domestic swine, fresh, chilled or frozen, with or without bone, excluding tenderloin presented separately
Loins of domestic swine and cuts thereof, with bone in, fresh or chilled
Bellies (streaky) of domestic swine and cuts thereof, frozen
Boneless loins and hams of domestic swine, fresh, chilled or frozen
Boneless loins and hams of domestic swine, fresh, chilled or frozen
Tenderloins of domestic swine, fresh, chilled or frozen
Pizza cheese, frozen, cut into pieces each weighing not more than 1 g, in containers with a net content of 5 kg or more, of a water content, by weight, of 52 % or more, and a fat content, by weight, in the dry matter of 38 % or more
Emmentaler, including processed Emmentaler
Gruyère, Sbrinz, including processed Gruyère
Cheese for processing
Cheddar
PART B List of community tariff quotas bound in GATT
Notwithstanding the rules for the interpretation of the Combined Nomenclature, the wording for the description of the products is to be considered as having no more than an indicative value, the preferential scheme being determined, within the context of this Annex, by the coverage of the CN codes. Where ex CN codes are indicated, the preferential scheme is to be determined by application of the CN code and corresponding description taken together. Order number CN code Taric subdivision Description of goods Quota period Quota volume Rate of duty (%) 09.0006 03024100 Herring From 16.6. to 14.2. 31888 tonnes 0 03035100 03045950 ex03045990 10 03049923 09.0007 ex03055110 10 Cod of the species Gadus morhua and Gadus ogac and fish of the species Boreogadus saida: From 1.1. to 31.12. 24998 tonnes 0 20 ex03055190 10 20 03055310 ex03056200 20 25 50 60 03056910 03057200 10 15 20 25 30 35 50 52 56 60 62 64 03057900 10 15 20 25 30 35 50 52 56 60 62 64 09.0008 03023110 03023210 03023310 03023410 03023511 03023591 03023610 03023920 03024911 03028921 03034110 Tunas (of the genus Thunnus) and fish of the genus Euthynnus, for use in the canning industry From 1.1. to 31.12. 17221 t 0 03034220 03034310 03034410 03034512 03034591 03034610 03034920 03035921 03038921 09.0009 ex03025419 10 Silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis), fresh, chilled or frozen From 1.1. to 31.12. 1999 tonnes 8 ex03036619 11 19 09.0013 ex44123900 10 Plywood of Coniferous species, without the addition of other substances: From 1.1. to 31.12. 482648 m3 0 ex44129985 10 09.0019 72022100 Ferro-silicon From 1.1. to 31.12. 12600 tonnes 0 720229 09.0021 72023000 Ferro-silicon-manganese From 1.1. to 31.12. 18550 tonnes 0 09.0023 ex72024910 20 Ferro-chromium containing not more than 0,10 % by weight of carbon and more than 30 % but not more than 90 % of chromium (super-refined ferrochromium) From 1.1. to 31.12. 2804 tonnes 0 ex72024950 11 09.0045 ex03031900 10 Fish, frozen, of the genus Coregonus From 1.1. to 31.12. 1000 tonnes 5,5 09.0046 ex16054000 30 Freshwater crayfish cooked with dill, frozen From 1.1. to 31.12. 2965 tonnes 0 09.0047 ex16052110 40 Shrimps and prawns of the Species Pandalus borealis, shelled, boiled and frozen, but not otherwise prepared From 1.1. to 31.12. 474 tonnes 0 ex16052190 40 ex16052900 40 09.0048 ex03048990 10 Fillets of fish, frozen, of the species Allo-cyttus spp. and Pseu-docyttus maculatus From 1.1. to 31.12. 200 tonnes 0 09.0050 ex53061010 10 Unbleached flax yarn (other than tow yarn), not put up for retail sale, measuring 333,3 decitex or more (not exceeding 30 metric numbers), intended for the manufacture of multiple or cabled yarn for the footwear industry or for whipping cables From 1.1. to 31.12. 400 tonnes 1,8 ex53061030 10 09.0051 70181090 Similar glass smallwares other than glass beads, imitation pearls and imitation precious or semi-precious stones From 1.1. to 31.12. 52 tonnes 0 09.0052 180620 Chocolate From 1.7. to 30.6. 2026 tonnes 38 18063100 180632 180690 09.0053 1704 Sugar confectionery (including white chocolate), not containing cocoa From 1.7. to 30.6. 2245 tonnes 35 09.0054 190590 Other than crispbread, gingerbread and the like, sweet biscuits, waffles and wafers, rusks, toasted bread and similar toasted products From 1.7. to 30.6. 409 tonnes 40 09.0084 17025000 Chemically pure fructose From 1.1. to 31.12. 1253 tonnes 20 09.0085 1806 Chocolate and other food preparations containing cocoa From 1.1. to 31.12. 81 tonnes 43 09.0086 19021100 Pasta, whether or not cooked or stuffed or otherwise prepared, except stuffed pasta of CN subheadings 19022010 and 19022030; couscous, whether or not prepared From 1.1. to 31.12. 497 tonnes 11 190219 19022091 19022099 190230 190240 09.0087 19019099 Food preparations of cereals From 1.1. to 31.12. 191 tonnes 33 19043000 19049080 19059020 09.0088 21069098 Other food preparations not elsewhere specified or included From 1.1. to 31.12. 702 tonnes 18 09.0091 17025000 Chemically pure fructose From 1.7. to 30.6. 4504 tonnes 09.0096 21069098 Other food preparations not elsewhere specified or included, allocated to the United States of America From 1.7. to 30.6. 831 tonnes EA
dried, whether or not salted but not smoked
salted but not dried or smoked and in brine
of a thickness greater than 8,5 mm, the faces of which are not further prepared than the peeling process
or sanded, and of a thickness greater than 18,5 mm
PART C
Product Description Unit EU-28 scheduled quantity Country Order number EU-27 share in quota usage EU-27 TRQ size Fisheries products not listed in Council Regulation (EC) No 32/2000 Prepared or preserved fish (excl. whole or in pieces): of tuna, skipjack or other fish of the genus Euthynnus t 1816 THA 090704 100 % 1816 Prepared or preserved fish (excl. whole or in pieces): of tuna, skipjack or other fish of the genus Euthynnus t 742 EO 090705 100 % 742 Prepared or preserved fish (excl. whole or in pieces): of sardines, bonito, mackerel of the species Scomber scombrus and Scomber japonicas, fish of the species Orcynopsis unicolor t 1410 THA 090706 8,7 % 123 Prepared or preserved fish (excl. whole or in pieces): of sardines, bonito, mackerel of the species Scomber scombrus and Scomber japonicas, fish of the species Orcynopsis unicolor t 865 EO 090707 72,9 % 631
Statement by the Commission
The Commission fully adheres to the principles of Better Regulation and to the commitments laid down in the Interinstitutional Agreement of 13 April 2016 on Better Law-Making. It will therefore endeavour to put forward a legislative proposal to the Council and to the European Parliament at the earliest opportunity, with a view to aligning Regulation (EC) No 32/2000 to the legal framework introduced by the Lisbon Treaty.
Versions
Cited by
- Regulation (EU) 2022/111 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 January 2022 amending Regulation (EU) 2019/216 as regards the Union tariff rate quota for high-quality beef from Paraguay Regulation · Grade B
Following the withdrawal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the United Kingdom) from the Union, the Union and the United Kingdom notified the other Members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) that their current market access levels will be maintained by apportioning the Union’s tariff rate quotas between the Union and the United Kingdom. The methodology for that apportionment, as well as the EU-27 volumes, are laid down in Regulation (EU) 2019/216 of the European Parliament and of the Council.
- Regulation (EU) 2022/111 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 January 2022 amending Regulation (EU) 2019/216 as regards the Union tariff rate quota for high-quality beef from Paraguay Regulation · Grade B
Council Regulation (EC) No 1149/2002 opened an import tariff quota of 1000 tonnes, expressed in product weight, of high-quality fresh, chilled or frozen beef. Despite not being part of the WTO schedule of the Union, that tariff quota was incorrectly apportioned by Regulation (EU) 2019/216, thus reducing its volume with application as of 1 January 2021. The original volume of that tariff quota should therefore be restored.
- Regulation (EU) 2022/111 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 January 2022 amending Regulation (EU) 2019/216 as regards the Union tariff rate quota for high-quality beef from Paraguay Regulation · Grade B
Regulation (EU) 2019/216 should therefore be amended accordingly,
- Regulation (EU) 2022/111 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 January 2022 amending Regulation (EU) 2019/216 as regards the Union tariff rate quota for high-quality beef from Paraguay Regulation · Grade B
In Part A of the Annex to Regulation (EU) 2019/216, the following row is deleted: High quality meat of bovine animals, fresh, chilled or frozen t PAR 094455 71,1 % 711
- Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/663 of 21 April 2022 amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/761 as regards the volume of the tariff rate quota for high-quality beef from Paraguay Regulation · Grade B
Following the withdrawal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the United Kingdom) from the Union, the Union and the United Kingdom notified the other Members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) that their current market access levels will be maintained by apportioning the Union’s tariff rate quotas between the Union and the United Kingdom. The methodology for that apportionment, as well as the EU-27 volumes, are laid down in Regulation (EU) 2019/216 of the European Parliament and of the Council.
- Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/663 of 21 April 2022 amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/761 as regards the volume of the tariff rate quota for high-quality beef from Paraguay Regulation · Grade B
Nevertheless, the import tariff quota of 1000 tonnes, opened based on Council Regulation (EC) No 1149/2002 and expressed in product weight, of high-quality fresh, chilled or frozen beef, which is not part of the WTO schedule of the Union, was incorrectly apportioned by Regulation (EU) 2019/216. Its volume was mistakenly reduced with application as of 1 January 2021.
- Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/663 of 21 April 2022 amending Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/761 as regards the volume of the tariff rate quota for high-quality beef from Paraguay Regulation · Grade B
Regulation (EU) 2022/111 of the European Parliament and of the Council amended Part A of the Annex to Regulation (EU) 2019/216 by deleting the row concerning the tariff quota for high-quality meat of bovine animals, fresh, chilled or frozen, originating in Paraguay, from the list of the apportioned quotas.
- Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/653 of 24 April 2019 amending Regulation (EC) No 847/2006 as regards the Union tariff quotas for certain prepared or preserved fish Regulation · Grade B
Regulation (EU) 2019/216 of the European Parliament and of the Council provides that, following the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the Union, the tariff rate quotas included in the Union's schedule of concessions and commitments annexed to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 are to be apportioned between the Union and the United Kingdom based on the EU-27 share in the quota usage set out in the Annex to that Regulation.
- Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/653 of 24 April 2019 amending Regulation (EC) No 847/2006 as regards the Union tariff quotas for certain prepared or preserved fish Regulation · Grade B
As a result, measures need to be adopted in order to implement the apportionment of the tariff rate quotas set out in Part C of the Annex to Regulation (EU) 2019/216. In particular, the tariff rate quota quantities set out in Regulation (EC) No 847/2006 should be replaced by those quantities resulting from the apportionment.
- Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/1988 of 11 November 2020 laying down rules for the application of Regulations (EU) No 1308/2013 and (EU) No 510/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the administration of import tariff quotas in accordance with the first come, first served principle Regulation · Grade B
The United Kingdom left the Union on 31 January 2020. The Withdrawal Agreement concluded between the Union and the United Kingdom, which established a transitional period until 31 December 2020, entered into force on 1 February 2020. On the basis of that Agreement, as of 1 July 2020 the United Kingdom has no possibility to request an extension of this transition period beyond 2020. Regulation (EU) 2019/216 of the European Parliament and of the Council provides that from the day following that on which Council Regulation (EC) No 32/2000 ceases to apply to and in the United Kingdom, the tariff r
- Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/386 of 11 March 2019 laying down rules with regard to the apportionment of tariff rate quotas for certain agricultural products included in the WTO schedule of the Union following the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the Union and with regard to import licences issued and import rights allocated under those tariff rate quotas Regulation · Grade B
Regulation (EU) 2019/216 of the European Parliament and of the Council provides that the tariff rate quotas included in the Union's schedule of concessions and commitments annexed to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 are to be apportioned between the Union and the United Kingdom based on the EU-27 share in the quota usage set out in the Annex to that Regulation.
- Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/386 of 11 March 2019 laying down rules with regard to the apportionment of tariff rate quotas for certain agricultural products included in the WTO schedule of the Union following the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the Union and with regard to import licences issued and import rights allocated under those tariff rate quotas Regulation · Grade B
As a result, measures need to be adopted in order to implement the apportionment of the relevant tariff rate quotas for certain agricultural products set out in Part A of the Annex to Regulation (EU) 2019/216. In particular, it should be established that the tariff rate quota quantities set out in the Regulations opening the respective tariff rate quotas are replaced by the new quantities resulting from the apportionment implemented by this Regulation.
- Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/386 of 11 March 2019 laying down rules with regard to the apportionment of tariff rate quotas for certain agricultural products included in the WTO schedule of the Union following the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the Union and with regard to import licences issued and import rights allocated under those tariff rate quotas Regulation · Grade B
Within certain tariff rate quotas included in the Union's schedule of concessions and commitments annexed to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 quantities have been allocated to particular third countries as part of the Union's international commitments. It is therefore necessary to apportion those specifically allocated quantities between the Union and the United Kingdom, based on the apportionments set out in Regulation (EU) 2019/216 and taking into account historic trade flows between those third countries, the Union and the United Kingdom.
- Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/386 of 11 March 2019 laying down rules with regard to the apportionment of tariff rate quotas for certain agricultural products included in the WTO schedule of the Union following the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the Union and with regard to import licences issued and import rights allocated under those tariff rate quotas Regulation · Grade B
As the day from which the relevant Article of Regulation (EU) 2019/216 will possibly begin to apply is likely to be a day falling in a quota period that has started running, it is necessary to provide for specific rules for the implementation of the apportionment for the quantities not yet allocated on that day for the tariff rate quotas in respect of which the quota period begins before the day from which Article 1(2) of Regulation (EU) 2019/216 applies and ends after that day. However, in such cases the apportioned tariff rate quota quantities should not exceed the new quantities available f
- P8_TA(2019)0022 Apportionment of tariff rate quotas included in the WTO schedule of the Union following the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the Union ***I European Parliament legislative resolution of 16 January 2019 on the proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on the apportionment of tariff rate quotas included in the WTO schedule of the Union following the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the Union and amending Council Regulation (EC) No 32/2000 (COM(2018)0312 — C8-0202/2018– 2018/0158(COD)) (Ordinary legislative procedure: first reading) 2020/C 411/43 Notice · Grade B
(As an agreement was reached between Parliament and Council, Parliament's position corresponds to the final legislative act, Regulation (EU) 2019/216.)
- P9_TA(2022)0033 Assessment of the implementation of Article 50 TEU European Parliament resolution of 16 February 2022 on the assessment of the implementation of Article 50 TEU (2020/2136(INI)) 2022/C 342/09 Notice · Grade B
Highlights that the withdrawal of one of its Member States has been an unprecedented and extremely critical process for the European Union; Recognises, but nevertheless considers regrettable, the withdrawal of the UK from the European Union; Emphasises that the historical significance of the UK’s withdrawal on EU membership did not and does not deviate the Union from its integration process, as Article 50 TEU provides guarantees to the EU legal order and protects the fundamental goals of European integration; Underlines that the provisions of Article 50 TEU and the way in which they have been